Maskinteknik

This book contributes to the navigation algorithm development for an autonomous mobile orchard robot in a GNSS denied environment. In this book, an approach is provided for path planning in an orchard using an aerial view of the environment by creating Binary Occupancy Grid Maps. The path planning is further implemented by the Probabilistic Road Maps Method (PRM) over the developed Binary Occupancy Grid Maps. For robot¿s navigation, a navigation model is developed using kinematic equations of the robot. Further, the navigation module is used in conjunction with the path-planning module. The robot was tested successfully both in simulation as well as in the real environment.

Estimating evapotranspiration (ET) has been one of the most critical research areas in agriculture because of water scarcity, the growing population, and climate change. The accurate estimation and mapping of ET are necessary for crop water management. Traditionally, researchers use water balance, soil moisture, weighing lysimeters, or an energy balance approach, such as Bowen ratio or eddy covariance towers to estimate ET. However, these ET methods are point-specific or area-weighted measurements and cannot be extended to a large scale. On the other hand, while remote sensing is able to provide spatially distributed measurements, the spatial resolution of multispectral satellite images is often not enough for crops with clumped canopy structures, such as trees and vines. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can mitigate these spatial and temporal limitations. Lightweight cameras and sensors can be mounted on the UAVs and take high-resolution images. Unlike satellite imagery, the spatial resolution of the UAV images can be at the centimeter-level. UAVs can also fly on-demand, which provides high temporal imagery. This book examines the different UAV-based approaches of ET estimation. Models and algorithms, such as mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC), the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model, and machine learning (ML) are discussed. It also covers the challenges and opportunities for UAVs in ET estimation, with the final chapters devoted to new ET estimation methods and their potential applications for future research.

This book focusses on additive manufacturing including many aspects, like vacuum assisted high pressure die casting, semi-solid metal casting, compressive and tensile forming processes, micro and nano machining, nanocomposite manufacturing, adhesive bonding, laser cutting and joining. Subtopics like modelling and optimization of manufacture processes, design for manufacturing strategies, development of new manufacturing technologies, design of novel manufacturing equipment, comparative case studies, cost and quality analysis, ecological aspects and destructive and non-destructive testing of manufactured components are also presented.The book provides a state of the art of engineering manufacture and also serves as a reference volume for researchers and graduate students using technological processes.This volume gathers selected contributions of the 1st International Conference on Engineering Manufacture 2022, held in Porto, Portugal, on May 5-6, 2022. 

Für alle, die fasziniert vom Fliegen sind und ein tieferes Verständnis dafür entwickeln wollen, wie Vögel und Modellflugzeuge ihre Kreise in der Luft ziehen. Anschaulich und unterhaltsam führt der Autor in die komplexen Sachverhalte von Wirbel, Zirkulation und Auftrieb ein. Verständlich und begreifbar durch zahlreiche Diagramme und Videos. Es gelingt dem Autor die dem dynamischen Auftrieb zugrunde liegenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten besonders anschaulich darzustellen.

The author has published many papers and books on topological transformations for optimal analysis of structures, where many methods and algorithms are developed. However, the framework of this book generalizes many concepts and makes the previously developed methods conceptually more attractive. The aim of the present work is two folds. On the one hand, it shows to mathematicians how the apparently pure mathematical concepts can be applied to the efficient solution of problems in structural mechanics. On the other hand, it illustrates to engineers the important role of mathematical concepts for the solution of engineering problems. The present framework provides efficient means for looking at problems and developing ideas by transforming the models (structures, networks, systems) to other spaces (higher dimension, lower dimension, or identical dimension) to simplify the problems.This book is attractive for those who look at the deeper aspects of concepts and helps the reader to develop his/her own ideas. In general, it opens a new horizon for improving the existing methods in civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

"Introducing the state-of-the-art of hypervelocity shock tunnels, this complete reference features a variety of drivers and step-by-step introductions to their theories, physics, methods and testing. This book enables researchers and engineers in aerospace to design and improve wind tunnels that simulate flow qualities of real hypersonic flyers"--

This proceedings book covers a wide range of topics related to uncertainty analysis and its application in various fields of engineering and science. It explores uncertainties in numerical simulations for soil liquefaction potential, the toughness properties of construction materials, experimental tests on cyclic liquefaction potential, and the estimation of geotechnical engineering properties for aerogenerator foundation design. Additionally, the book delves into uncertainties in concrete compressive strength, bio-inspired shape optimization using isogeometric analysis, stochastic damping in rotordynamics, and the hygro-thermal properties of raw earth building materials. It also addresses dynamic analysis with uncertainties in structural parameters, reliability-based design optimization of steel frames, and calibration methods for models with dependent parameters. The book further explores mechanical property characterization in 3D printing, stochastic analysis in computational simulations, probability distribution in branching processes, data assimilation in ocean circulation modeling, uncertainty quantification in climate prediction, and applications of uncertainty quantification in decision problems and disaster management. This comprehensive collection provides insights into the challenges and solutions related to uncertainty in various scientific and engineering contexts.

Interaction of Disturbances in Shear Flows aims to provide a comprehensive, in-depth overview of the current state of knowledge on the subject. Authored by a recognized expert with decades of experience and many software patents to his credit, the volume covers advances in computational fluid dynamics to showcase innovative ways to apply physical measurements and visualization patterns to solve various aero- and hydrodynamic problems. It also delves into analytical methodologies to compare and contrast with the theoretical models most commonly used in the field. Additionally, it demonstrates the significance of comprehending and managing disturbances in shear flows, discussing practical applications of the research to optimize the design of aircraft, automotive vehicles, and marine vessels, with a strong emphasis on enhancing aero- and hydrodynamic efficiency, fuel economy, and the reduction of harmful emissions. Academia and industry readers alike will find this a useful resource to equip themselves with the tools needed to understand and address practical engineering challenges encountered in their studies or work.

This concise textbook introduces a systems approach to technology, describing tribological, mechatronic, cyber-physical systems, and the technologic concept of Industry 4.0 to students in a range of engineering domains. "e;Technology"e; in this book refers to the totality of human-made, benefit-oriented products, based on engineered combinations of material, energy and information. Dr. Czichos examines technology in this volume in the context of systems thinking with regard to the following main technology areasTechnical systems with "e;interacting surfaces in relative motion"e; especially in mechanical engineering, production, and transport; including the analysis of friction-induced energy losses and wear-induced materials dissipation. Technical systems that require a combination of mechanics, electronics, controls, and computer engineering for needs of industry and society. Technical systems with a combination of mechatronics and internet communication. Cyber-physical Systems for the digitalization of Industry in the development project Industry 4.0.Considers technology as combination of the physical world and the digital virtual world of information and communication.Describes the product cycle of technical systems and the corner stones of technology: material, energy and information.Presents a holistic view of technology and engineering.

This volume describes new insights into the main aspects of rubber degradation by material's fatigue, wear and aging evolution, as well as their impact on mechanical rubber properties. It provides a thorough state-of-art explanation of the essential chemical, physical and mechanical principles as well as practices of material characterization for wear prediction, and to convey or define novel strategies and procedures of planning effective wear test programs. The initiating factors of abrasion, the development of surface abrasion on sharp and blunt tracks (so called cutting and chipping) and the influence of smear and lubricants is also summarized. The volume is of interest to research scientists in related fields from academia and industry. 

Nonlinear Structures & Systems, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the first volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Nonlinear Dynamics, including papers on:Experimental Nonlinear DynamicsJointed Structures: Identification, Mechanics, DynamicsNonlinear DampingNonlinear Modeling and SimulationNonlinear Reduced-Order ModelingNonlinearity and System Identification

This book looks at chemmotological solutions to important questions surrounding sustainability and environmental safety of transport - both key priorities within the global strategy of sustainable development. Bringing together expanded versions of selected papers presented at the 8th International Scientific-Technical Conference: Problems of Chemmotology - Theory and Practice of Rational Use of Conventional and Alternative Fuels and Lubricants, contributors present solutions to problematic questions, including choosing feedstock and technologies of its processing for manufacturing alternative fuels, development and implementation of measures for improving environmental safety of transport, minimizing exhaust gases emission from transport, introducing new solution or improvements in systems of fuels supply and infrastructure, and changes in legislative and regulatory base for fuels and lubricants use. This collection will be an invaluable reference for researchers, professionals, and students involved in alternative aviation fuels, transport engineering, sustainable transport development, and fuels and lubricants.

This textbook has been written for the engineering students. This textbook covers the essentials of solid mechanics with reference to basic load-bearing members¿straight bars, thin-walled cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels, circular shafts, beams undergoing simple bending, and columns. It concisely elucidates the corresponding fundamental assumptions, important equations, and their range of validity without formal derivations. Subsequently, this textbook contains several carefully selected examples to illustrate sequence of steps in the analysis of forces, stresses and displacements, or stability. It further deals with combined loading, stress and strain transformations, energy methods, and failure analysis using commonly employed criteria. This textbook is a handy, yet complete, resource for graduate and postgraduate engineering students. It will also be a ready reference for a practicing engineers or graduate students preparing for an interview or a competitive examination.

This volume highlights contributions of women mathematicians in the study of complex materials and includes both original research papers and reviews. The featured topics and methods draw on the fields of Calculus of Variations, Partial Differential Equations, Functional Analysis, Differential Geometry and Topology, as well as Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling. Areas of applications include foams, fluid-solid interactions, liquid crystals, shape-memory alloys, magnetic suspensions, failure in solids, plasticity, viscoelasticity, homogenization, crystallization, grain growth, and phase-field models.

This book emphasizes simple and concise coverage of the fundamental aspects of measuring systems. It is designed to provide the reader with essential knowledge regarding signals, signal analysis, signal conditioning circuits, and data acquisition systems. The prerequisites are a basic knowledge of multivariable calculus, introductory physics, and a familiarity with basic electrical circuits and components. Delivers topics and techniques that are fundamental to the understanding of the measurement process. These include standards, dynamic characteristics of measuring devices, statistical analysis of data, uncertainty analysis, signal conditioning devices, transistors,and logic circuits, analog to digital converters. To aid in the understanding of the subject matter and related applications, the book chapters are complemented with examples and problems. Careful attention was paid to the details of figures and illustration to help enforce the learning objectives of this book.

Complex variable theory is attractive for engineers as it offers elegant approaches for certain types of differential equations in engineering including heat transfer, solid mechanics, and fluid mechanics. However, a gap exists between books written by mathematicians and books written by engineers in their specific fields. Naturally, mathematicians tend to emphasize rigorousness and consistency while less emphasizing applications. On the other hand, books written by engineers often jump directly to the specific topics assuming that the readers already have sufficient background of complex variables and the pathway from theory to the application is not clearly elucidated. This book closes the gap in the literature. providing a smooth transition from basic theory to the application is accomplished. Although it is not possible to cover all the topics in engineering exhaustively, the readers can at least find the logic of how and why complex variables are effective for some of the engineering problems. Another motivation for writing this book is to demonstrate that the readers can take advantage of a computer algebra system, Mathematica, to facilitate tedious algebra and visualize complex functions so that they can focus on principles instead of spending endless hours on algebra by hand. Unlike numerical tools such as MATLAB and FORTRAN, Mathematica can expand, differentiate, and integrate complex-valued functions symbolically. Mathematica can be used as a stand-alone symbolic calculator or a programming tool using the Wolfram Language. If Mathematica is not available locally, Wolfram Cloud Basic can be used online as a free service to execute Mathematica statements.

Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in das spannende Thema Kinematik und Kinetik und richtet sich an Studierende technischer Studiengänge wie Maschinenbau, Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Fahrzeugtechnik, Mechatronik, Robotik, Theater- und Verfahrenstechnik. Neben den theoretischen Ausführungen enthält das Buch 45 Übungsaufgaben, die größtenteils mit Python, Julia oder SMath Studio gelöst werden. Nicht nur der konsequente Einsatz des Computers unterscheidet dieses Buch von anderen Einsteigerbüchern. Auch die ausgiebige Anwendung der Prinzipe von Gauß und d'Alembert, die Verwendung der automatischen Differentiation zur Ermittlung von Ableitungen (z.B. Geschwindigkeiten und Beschleunigungen) und die umfangreichen Möglichkeiten, die numerische Lösung von Anfangswertproblemen zu üben, machen dieses Buch einzigartig.Das Buch beschränkt sich auf ebene Bewegungen von Systemen starrer Körper. Auf der Grundlage eines soliden Verständnisses der zugrundeliegenden Gesetze und Methoden sollte es möglich sein, sich auch mit räumlichen Bewegungen vertraut zu machen.

Welcome to the wonderful, practical world of fluid analysis utilization. There are plenty of labs around the world processing millions of oil, coolant, and fuel samples every year. Most of them do very professional work, however, the data received from them usually fall into two main categories: 1). The information is incomplete for a true machine health assessment, or; 2). At the user's end, nobody is acting on the information at a level that would allow good, proactive maintenance activity. The sad truth is that very few companies make use of the valuable information contained in fluids. This work, Fluid Analysis for Mobile Equipment, supports all activity around fluid analysis so managers can lay a more solid foundation for maintenance. It serves as a major contribution to both the science and art of fluid analysis, and is destined to become the cornerstone of every successful condition-based maintenance program. The examples and recommendations will have direct application to implement a true predictive maintenance program. More than 100 examples come from real-life cases, and reflect what many fleet managers encounter in their daily challenges.

This book reports on cutting-edge research and technical achievements in the field of hydraulic drives. The chapters, selected from contributions presented at the International Scientific-Technical Conference on Hydraulic and Pneumatic Drives and Controls, NSHP 2023, held on October 11-13, 2023, in Piechowice, Poland, cover a wide range of topics such as theoretical advances in fluid technology, work machines in mining, construction, marine and manufacturing industry, and practical issues relating to the application and operation of hydraulic drives. Further topics include: safety and environmental issues associated with the use of machines with hydraulic drive, designing test stands with hydraulic and pneumatic components, advancing control of hydraulic systems, analyzing vibration issues, application of renewable energy sources, and new materials in the design of hydraulic components. Special emphasis is given to new solutions for hydraulic components and systems as well as to theidentification of phenomena and processes occurring during the operation of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik"e; bietet einen allgemeinen Uberblick uber die verschiedenen Aspekte von Eigenschaften, Erzeugung, Speicherung und Anwendung von Wasserstoff. Schwerpunkte liegen auf der Thermodynamik der Speicherung von Wasserstoff sowie auf der Anwendung in der Fahrzeugtechnik und in der Energietechnik. Mit Bezug zu Forschungsvorhaben an der TU Graz und dem HyCentA wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik fundiert dargestellt. Als eigener Abschnitt wurde in dieser Auflage die Brennstoffzelle zur Stromerzeugung fur Elektroantriebeergnzt. Ein Verfahren zur Wasserstoffproduktion durch Pyrolyse aus Glycerin wurde neu aufgenommen. Ergnzt wurden Abschnitte ber aktuelle Anwendungen, ber Verbrennungsmotoren fr Gemische aus Wasserstoff und Methan, ber Werkstoffe sowie Fragen von Wirkungsgrad und CO2-Emissionen.

The novel finite element formulations fall into the category of geometrically exact Kirchhoff-Love beams. A prominent characteristic of this category is that the absence of shear deformation is strongly enforced by removing two degrees of freedom. Further, the corresponding beam theories exhibit not only translational but also rotational degrees of freedom and their configurations thus form a non-additive and non-commutative space. Sophisticated interpolation schemes are required that need to be tested not only for locking, spatial convergence behavior, and energy conservation, but also for observer invariance and path-independence. For the three novel beam element formulations all these properties are analytically and numerically studied and confirmed, if applicable. Two different rotation parameterization strategies are employed based on the well-known geodesic interpolation used in many Simo-Reissner beams and the lesser known split into the so-called \textit{smallest rotation} and a torsional part. Application of the former parameterization results in a mixed finite element formulation intrinsically free of locking phenomena. Additionally, the first geometrically exact Kirchhoff-Love beam element is presented, which strongly enforces inextensibility by removing another degree of freedom. Furthermore, the numerical efficiency of the new beam formulations is compared to other beam elements that allow for or suppress shear deformation. When modeling very slender beams, the new elements offer distinct numerical advantages.Standard molecular dynamics simulations, which are commonly used to study polymers, suffer from a lack of a careful mathematical basis and the use of an expensive explicit time integration scheme. To circumvent these shortcomings and to be able to simulate stretching experiments on relevant time scales, the problem is described by a stochastic partial differential equation, which can be solved using the finite element method with a backward Euler temporal discretization. In detail, the polymer is represented by a Kirchhoff-Love beam with a linear elastic constitutive model. Inertial and electrostatic forces are neglected. It is deformed by a distributed load mimicking collisions with molecules of the surrounding fluid. Naturally, this load heavily fluctuates over time and space and mean values need to be computed in a Monte Carlo manner. To vastly speed up the fitting process to experimental data in a Bayesian framework, a surrogate model based on a Gaussian process is set up, which directly computes the mean values for given material parameters. The uncertainties and correlations of the material parameters are studied and compared to the literature.

¿Der Leerguttransportoptimierung als Teil der Inboundlogistik kommt die wichtige Aufgabe der bedarfs- und termingerechten Versorgung von Lieferanten mit wiederverwendbaren Ladungsträgern zu. Dadurch gewährleistet sie nicht nur eine reibungslose Teileversorgung, sondern kann auch einen signifikanten Beitrag zu einer effizienten und nachhaltigen Logistik im Ladungsträgernetzwerk der Zukunft leisten.Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Problemstellung der Leerguttransportoptimierung aus mathematischer Sicht und verfolgt das Ziel der Bestimmung eines bedarfserfüllungsmaximalen und gleichzeitig transportkostenminimalen Transportplans unter Berücksichtigung von Leergutverfügbarkeiten, -bedarfen, Transportkosten und -laufzeiten. Dafür werden drei verschiedene Steuerungsstrategien für das Ladungsträgernetzwerk der Zukunft vorgestellt und spezifische Konstruktions- und Verbesserungsheuristiken entwickelt. Anhand der Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Performanceanalyse wird eine Empfehlung für eine Steuerungsstrategie samt geeigneten Lösungsverfahren zur Transportoptimierung im Ladungsträgernetzwerk der Zukunft gegeben, die die Ziele der Bedarfserfüllungsmaximierung sowie Transportkosten- und Emissionsausstoßminimierung bestmöglich vereinen.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of condition monitoring, plant maintenance and reliability, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 6th International Conference on Maintenance Engineering and the 2021 conference of the Efficiency and Performance Engineering Network (IncoME-VI  TEPEN 2021), held in Tianjin, China on October 20-23, 2021. Topics include vibro-acoustics monitoring, condition-based maintenance, sensing and instrumentation, machine health monitoring, maintenance auditing and organization, non-destructive testing, reliability, asset management, condition monitoring, life-cycle cost optimisation, prognostics and health management, maintenance performance measurement, manufacturing process monitoring, and robot-based monitoring and diagnostics. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.

"Combining clear labeled imagery with easy-to-understand text, this new edition of Simply Artificial Intelligence is the perfect introduction to the latest developments in AI, including ChatGPT and the Internet of Things"--

Die Aufgabensammlung enthalt Aufgaben mit vollstandig durchgerechneten Losungen zu den Themen Analysis und lineare Algebra, wie sie im Kompendium Hohere Mathematik"e; dargestellt sind. Das Spektrum reicht von Aufgaben zur reinen Rechentechnik bis hin zu Anwendungsaufgaben, bei denen zunachst eine geeignete Modellierung gesucht ist, um dann die entsprechenden Techniken anwenden zu konnen. Ferner enthalt der Band speziell ausgewiesene Aufgaben, wie sie in Klausuren an Fachhochschulen oder Berufsakademien vorkommen konnen.

This book presents the select proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Water Technologies 2022. While several efforts are underway, materials form the core of all research activities to develop technologies to mitigate the global challenge of water crisis. This book includes latest scientific dialogues, state-of-the-art developments in terms of emerging materials, technology development aimed toward mitigating various bottlenecks in water treatment, purification, desalination, and sensing with emerging materials. It also discusses diverse materials driven approaches, including theoretical and experimental studies, to address various aspects of this global issue. The book discusses various topics related to nanomaterials for water purification, bio-physical remediation, photocatalysis, membranes, physico-chemical processes, oil-water separation, sensors, and microplastics, etc. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in water technologies and allied fields.

Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, de nombreux inventeurs ont utilisé l'eau comme additif dans les moteurs à combustion interne, dans le but d'en abaisser la consommation et d'en réduire la pollution. De nos jours, le plus connu d'entre eux est l'américain Paul Pantone.Cet ouvrage vous propose une approche approfondie et transversale du sujet à travers l'expérience des auteurs, qui ont industrialisé leur version originale de ces procédés sous la forme d'un réacteur catalytique miniaturisé prêt à l'emploi.Partie 1 : un historique des principaux moteurs et procédés utilisant de l'eau pour optimiser la combustion, avec en toile de fond le mythe du moteur à eau.Partie 2 : Le parcours des auteurs depuis les premiers prototypes jusqu'à la création en 2006 de la Sarl Hypnow, société qui cessera son activité en 2019.Partie 3 : Des données techniques précises permettant de comprendre et d'évaluer les critères de bon fonctionnement des moteurs diesel équipés d'un économiseur de carburant (incluant les plans du SPAD et une aide au diagnostic de pannes).Troisième édition 2023.