Fossilt brændsel: teknologi

Artificial Intelligence for a More Sustainable Oil and Gas Industry and the Energy Transition: Case Studies and Code Examples presents a package for academic researchers and industries working on water resources and carbon capture and storage. This book contains fundamental knowledge on artificial intelligence related to oil and gas sustainability and the industry’s pivot to support the energy transition and provides practical applications through case studies and coding flowcharts, addressing gaps and questions raised by academic and industrial partners, including energy engineers, geologists, and environmental scientists. This timely publication provides fundamental and extensive information on advanced AI applications geared to support sustainability and the energy transition for the oil and gas industry.

Energy Transport Infrastructure for a Decarbonized Economy evaluates the transportation of fluids required in the decarbonized energy economy. The book will help researchers, design manufacturers, and those within government and academia to understand challenges and guide the design and development of systems, machinery, and infrastructure needed for a decarbonized energy economy. The book provides comprehensive insights on the implications of the energy transition for a critical aspect of commerce: the infrastructure central to energy transportation and the economy. This practical book highlights the unique systems central to the efficient transport of various forms of energy. After outlining the need for transporting energy, types of fluids used to transport energy, and various means of transportation, the book covers the importance of understanding the energy marketplace, global perspectives, and then moves into the transport of natural gas, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The work concludes with coverage of technology gaps, research and development, future trends, and solutions. Led by professionals with decades of experience and collecting insights from expert contributors, this book begins with the essentials of energy transport, provides detailed coverage of modes of transport, considers critical questions of energy supply and economics, and looks at long-term environmentally sensitive, sustainable options for the transport thereof. A powerful tool for the energy transition, Energy Transport Infrastructure for a Decarbonized Economy offers expert analysis on sustainable energy transport and its impact on our future.

Artificial Intelligence for Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring provides an in-depth examination of how deep learning accelerates the process of subsurface characterization and monitoring and provides an end-to-end solution. In recent years, deep learning has been introduced to the geoscience community to overcome some longstanding technical challenges. This book explores some of the most important topics in this discipline to explain the unique capability of deep learning in subsurface characterization for hydrocarbon exploration and production and for energy transition. Readers will discover deep learning methods that can improve the quality and efficiency of many of the key steps in subsurface characterization and monitoring. The text is organized into five parts. The first two parts explore deep learning for data enrichment and well log data, including information extraction from unstructured well reports as well as log data QC and processing. Next is a review of deep learning applied to seismic data and data integration, which also covers intelligent processing for clearer seismic images and rock property inversion and validation. The closing section looks at deep learning in time lapse scenarios, including sparse data reconstruction for reducing the cost of 4D seismic data, time-lapse seismic data repeatability enforcement, and direct property prediction from pre-migration seismic data.

Hybrid Nanofluids for Application in the Chemical and Petroleum Industry covers the basics of hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer processes as well as their applications in the chemical and petroleum industries. This book begins with a detailed overview of the thermo-physical and optical properties of hybrid nanofluids, before covering the application of the heat-transfer enhancement in heat exchangers, CO2 absorption/regeneration, and metal extraction/stripping operations. It also covers the applications of hybrid nanofluids and heat transfer enhancement in the petroleum industry, as well as recent advances and challenges involved in nanofluid applications in industrial processes. The detailed interrelation of nanofluids’ properties and performance enhancement mechanisms in the various chemical and petroleum processes are also reviewed. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in the fields of nanotechnology and chemical engineering, executive engineers, government workers in manufacturing, chemical and biomedical industry, or R&D laboratories working on nanotechnology and chemical processes.

Well Integrity for Abandoned Well Re-entries addresses well integrity and operational risks that accompany the benefits of using an old and abandoned wellbore by providing it a second chance to perform. Re-entering an abandoned well provides new life to an old wellbore by reducing the need for drilling new wells. This, in turn, reduces emissions footprint, drilling waste, and costs for some wells. The book covers well integrity basics, abandoned wells, analysis required for re-entry, potential uses for re-entered wells (including applications for EOR, CO2 EOR with sequestration, natural gas storage, geothermal heat recovery, and much more.) Packed with case studies and tips for practical application, this book provides readers with an understanding of re-entry techniques, pitfalls, and diagnostics to determine well integrity. This novel text digs deep into the process and benefits of re-entering abandoned wells in support of sustainability.

Flow assurance is critical for effective design and operation of hydrocarbon production and transmission systems. The aim is to ensure safe and economical flow of hydrocarbon fluids from the source to the markets. As future development of hydrocarbon resources moves into more challenging environments, the importance of flow assurance is becoming more asserted. Written by an internationally recognized team of experts, Flow Assurance in Pipelines: A Reference Guide is a unique, well-researched, and comprehensive work in the flow assurance discipline that addresses the stages of a flow assurance study and identifies how they relate to the pipeline system design and operation. This book is a fundamental resource for flow assurance engineers, pipeline engineers, operators, and production chemists, providing a detailed explanation of basic flow assurance issues that can arise in the pipeline systems and discusses practical methods to solve those issues, safely and cost effectively.

Pressure Transient Analysis: Pressure Derivative provides focuses on applications of pressure and derivative data for interpretation of pressure transient tests, offering alternatives to costly commercial software. Building from basics, this practical text spans: wells near single and multi-boundary systems, hydraulically fractured wells, naturally fractured reservoirs, interpretation of interference and pulse tests, gas well test analysis (including sources of emissions and decarbonizing strategies, geological sequestration, CCS risks and stress on CCS), multiphase flow, injectivity and falloff tests, rate transient and multi-rate tests, partially penetrated / perforated vertical and slanted wells, and horizontal wells in conventional and unconventional reservoirs.Many techniques and equations presented in this book can be found in the black box of commercial well-test analysis software packages - this practical text unlocks, unpacks, and makes critical, analytical tools accessible to core users.

Reservoir characterization is the model that characterizes reservoirs based on their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. Reservoir modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a given reservoir based on its petrophysical, geological, and geophysical properties. Reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental, and technical constraints. It is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir. Reservoir management is often defined as the allocation of resources to optimize hydrocarbon recovery from a reservoir while minimizing capital investments and operating expenses. The oil and gas industry is divided into upstream and downstream sectors. In general, the upstream sector involves activities carried out at a reservoir, while the downstream sector involves all petroleum processing activities carried out in a refinery. Petroleum processing engineering involves all downstream crude oil processing operations, from crude oil as the feedstock to final products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, and lubricating oil. Petroleum processing technology continues to develop in consideration of all types of sustainability-related challenges. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the oil and gas industry, presenting the most recent research in the field.

Ludwig’s Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents is ever evolving starting with the first edition some 60 years ago. The volumes in this fifth edition provide improved techniques and fundamental design methodologies to guide the practicing engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to the properly detailed hardware. As indicative of the new title, process safety incidents are incorporated in many of the chapters, reviewing the root causes, and how these could be mitigated in future. Like its predecessor, this new edition continues to present updated information for achieving optimum operational and process conditions and to avoid problems caused by inadequate sizing and lack of internally detailed hardware. The volumes provide both fundamental theories where applicable and direct application of these theories to applied equations essential in the design effort. This approach in presenting design information is essential for troubleshooting process equipment and in executing system performance analysis. Volume 1B continues to cover mixing of liquids, process safety and pressure[1]relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and process optimization. It builds upon Ernest E. Ludwig’s classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes new content on three-phase separation, mixing of liquids, ejectors, and mechanical vacuum systems, process safety and pressure-relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and optimization of chemical process/blending. Some chapters review pressure-relieving devices and provide case studies for process safety incidents, which are well illustrated from US Chemical Safety Hazard Investigation Board (www.csb.gov). Finally, this book contains a glossary of Petroleum and Petrochemical Terminologies and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Major Hydrocarbons.

A one-stop, go-to reference containing all relevant and key industry concepts, equations, terminology, and formulas, the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is the essential tool for those taking the SPE Professional Certification Exam and US PE Exam. This recently updated guide complements SPE's Petroleum Engineering Handbook series, as the key concepts and equations from that series have been separated out and methodically cataloged into this one volume. To quickly find what you are looking for, a new index has been added.Along with being crucial before and during exams (YES - IT CAN BE BROUGHT INTO THE EXAM), this invaluable guide continues to serve oil and gas industry professionals throughout their career. With this guide, there is no need to carry a suitcase full of books on every assignment or search multiple texts to simply find a definition or an equation. The SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is for anyone searching for an upstream or downstream solution.About the SPE Professional Certification Exam (SPEC)SPE has a vision to "enable the global oil and gas E&P industry to share technical knowledge needed to meet the world's energy needs in a safe and environmentally responsible manner." One way of achieving this vision is by sustaining the competency, professionalism, impartiality, and integrity of the personnel within the industry. SPE has responded to this challenge by establishing the SPEC, which offers members a vehicle to develop their technical competencies and skills across the entire field of petroleum engineering. SPEC has been offered for 13 years and is complemented by an SPE short course that gives candidates insight into the range of topics that the exam will cover and the style of questions they will face. In the summer of 2008, the SPE Engineering Professionalism Committee committed to writing a book that could be used as a single reference for the SPEC and the exam review course. Professor Ali Ghalambor authored the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide in 2014.

Advanced Drilling and Well Technology captures the vast developments that have occurred in well technology over the past several decades. The 10 chapters focus on applications related to many of the field-related challenges being faced today, such as deepwater and high-pressure/high-temperature wells, as well as emerging technologies like managed pressure drilling, expandable casing, coiled-tubing drilling, and multilateral wells.

Oil, eh? One of the most troublesome substances known to man. Burn it and the world goes into meltdown. Disrupt it and the world goes into meltdown. You just can't win with oil... unless, of course, you're in the business. Supply disruptions hand the oil majors a golden chance to cash in on the subsequent spiralling price of their product... as the world was to discover to its cost the day Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.Or rather, was to re-discover. For this wasn't the first time prices soared on the back of a war-caused oil supply crisis. It was a virtual mirror image of the first great oil shock fifty years earlier.In 1973 the upshot was the same as half a century later - a global, rocketing oil price-caused economic tailspin and the birth of a new Foreign Legion as the oil industry scrambled to find new reserves to bring online. From all walks of life, all corners of the world they came. A legion of men answering the call to join the great '73 oil rush, all with but one burning ambition - to escape the worldwide economic slump, swap the dole queue for the oil crew and take the A-train to wherever this new Klondike led.This is the slightly disconcerting account of one of them.

The book provides an integrated energy/exergy analysis method to identify the energy utilization issues and systematically propose the cost-effective energy-saving and CO2 mitigation/capture solution. There is a strong market needs on energy-saving and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. CO2 mitigation/capture will achieve economic benefit of fuel, power, and carbon tax saving as well as environmental GHG reduction.The book is a professional book for energy-saving and GHG gas mitigation technology in oil & gas, oil refining, and chemical industry. It is an integrated technical book that combines energy utilization theory and practical method, including: thermodynamic analysis for unit operation and process units; energy and exergy calculation for various process streams and utilities; three-link energy/exergy analysis model; energy/exergy balance of equipment, process units, and entire plant; approach and technology of energy saving; optimization of pipeline and equipment; pinch energy-saving technology and its application; CO2 capture and utilization with 8 case studies incorporated for all different scenarios; key energy-saving technologies such gas turbine, FCCU regeneration CO combustion and energy recovery, flue gas turbine system optimization, low-grade heat recovery and utilization.  The book is intended for engineers and professional personnel who are working in process engineering, EPC companies, chemical and petrochemical plants, refineries, oil & gas production facilities, power generation plant. It can also be a professional reference or textbook for undergraduate or graduate-level university students and teaching personnel of chemical, energy, and process engineering faculties of universities. 

This book provides the most up-to-date, advanced methods and tools for risk assessment of onshore pipelines. These methods and tools are based primarily on information collected from ILI measurements and additional information about the soil surrounding the pipeline. The book provides a better understanding how the defects grow and interact (repulsion or attraction) and their spatial variability. In addition, the authors contemplate new defects that evolve between inspections and how they could affect the pipeline's reliability. A real-world case is presented to reinforce the concepts presented in the book. The book is structured into three parts: i) an introduction to onshore pipelines and the problem of corrosion, ii) a framework that deals with uncertainty for integrity programs for corroded pipelines, and iii) the applications of the methods presented in the book. The book is ideal for researchers and field engineers in oil and gas transportation and graduate and undergraduate engineering students interested in pipeline reliability assessments, spatial variability, and risk-based inspections.

The book "Studies in Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels" written by B. Suryawanshi provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of desulfurization in transportation fuels. With the increasing demand for cleaner fuels, desulfurization has become a crucial step in the fuel processing industry. The book covers topics such as sulfur compounds, their impact on the environment, and the regulations governing their use in fuel quality. The book explores the different desulfurization technologies such as hydrodesulfurization, adsorption, oxidative desulfurization, and deep desulfurization, and their efficiency in removing organic and inorganic sulfur. Catalysts, including zeolites and metal oxides, are also discussed in detail. The book delves into the desulfurization kinetics, sulfur reduction, and selectivity of various desulfurization methods. Furthermore, the book also covers fuel properties and their impact on fuel economy. It delves into sulfur poisoning and its effect on fuel refining. The book examines fuel additives, their effectiveness, and the challenges associated with their use. The book concludes by exploring industrial desulfurization, sulfuric acid production, and sulfur recovery. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of desulfurization and its impact on transportation fuels. The book is essential reading for researchers, engineers, and professionals in the fuel processing industry, environmental scientists, and policy-makers.

The objective of this book is to help readers better understand the links between fossil fuel, greenhouse gas, and climate change in a clear, explanatory format. It avoids sensationalism and politics, using plain language to explain the details of the science, how the science works, and how we know what we know. It describes the history of fossil fuels, why fossil fuel combustion products are a problem, and what must be done to address the impacts on climate. It provides details about a number of energy engineering solutions to replace fossil fuels and technology called geoengineering that can cool the planet and directly remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Some of these technologies can be implemented almost immediately, and others may be applied in the future. Many young people are pessimistic about the future and prepared to give up on addressing climate change. The book strives to maintain hope throughout that humanity can solve this and other environmental problems. The climate crisis was caused by human engineering, and human engineering can fix it. The goal is to produce informed readers that can have responsible discussions with their political leaders about implementing solutions to climate change.

This book provides comprehensive economic analyses on the paths to net-zero for China. It gives a detailed overview of issues and challenges related to carbon neutrality of the global largest emitter which have not been adequately addressed e.g., reduction costs and efficiency of existing actions, the multiple impacts of the newly established carbon market, and the potentials and costs of nature-based solutions such as biophysical sequestration, etc. Studies on China's carbon reduction have attracted scientists and policymakers from diverse backgrounds. Pursuing a holistic and systematic approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, emphasizing the importance of integrated technical-economic-policy analysis. This book will not only be an essential reference to the carbon-neutral progress in China but also will be an outstanding text book on carbon-neutral management. Similarly, this book is expected to attract a great range of readership including undergraduate and postgraduate students, economic and climate specialists, researchers and policymakers in China as well as in overseas.

Sustainable Natural Gas Drilling, the latest release in The Fundamentals and Sustainable Advances in Natural Gas Science and Engineering series, delivers many of the technical fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry with an additional sustainability lens. Introductory topics include underbalanced technologies, well integrity, and well trajectory. Advanced applications include utilizing nanoparticles to reduce environmental impact, and techniques to drill for underground gas storage and carbon capture operations. Supported by corporate and academic contributors along with two well-distinguished editors, Sustainable Natural Gas Drilling provides today's natural gas engineers the knowledge to adjust current drilling practices in a more environmentally sustainable way.

The book is intended for practicing engineers in the oil industry, researchers, and graduate students interested in designing and simulating offshore hydrocarbon production systems. It approaches offshore oil production systems from an integrated perspective that combines the modeling of thermophysical properties of reservoir fluids and their flow as a multiphase mixture in wellbores, flow lines, and risers.The first part of the book presents an internally consistent method to compute the critical parameters and acentric factor of Single Carbon Number (SCN) fractions of petroleum mixtures using state-of-the-art multivariate fitting techniques. The procedure is illustrated and validated using flash and differential liberation data from actual field samples. In the second part of the book, mechanistic multiphase flow models are discussed in light of their ability to predict the pressure, temperature, and phase holdup of production fluids in wellbores, flow lines, and risers. Multivariate fitting procedures are again applied to evaluate the sensitivity of the results with respect to closure relationship parameters, such as slug body gas holdup, wall shear stress, and wall roughness in pipelines and production tubing. Finally, the modeling framework is validated using actual field data from offshore production wells.

This book looks at chemmotological solutions to important questions surrounding sustainability and environmental safety of transport - both key priorities within the global strategy of sustainable development. Bringing together expanded versions of selected papers presented at the 8th International Scientific-Technical Conference: Problems of Chemmotology - Theory and Practice of Rational Use of Conventional and Alternative Fuels and Lubricants, contributors present solutions to problematic questions, including choosing feedstock and technologies of its processing for manufacturing alternative fuels, development and implementation of measures for improving environmental safety of transport, minimizing exhaust gases emission from transport, introducing new solution or improvements in systems of fuels supply and infrastructure, and changes in legislative and regulatory base for fuels and lubricants use. This collection will be an invaluable reference for researchers, professionals, and students involved in alternative aviation fuels, transport engineering, sustainable transport development, and fuels and lubricants.

Understanding Geologic Carbon Sequestration and Gas Hydrate from Molecular Simulation systematically introduces CO2 geological sequestration and gas hydrate at the molecular-scale, with research including interfacial properties of multiphase, multicomponent systems, hydrogen bonding properties, adsorption characteristics of CO2CH4 in the pore, kinetic properties of decomposition/nucleation/growth of gas hydrate, the influence of additives on gas hydrate growth dynamics, and hydrate prevention and control technology. This book focuses on research-based achievements and provides a comprehensive look at global progress in the field. Because there are limited resources available on carbon geologic sequestration technology and gas hydrate technology at the molecular level, this book fills a gap in scientific literature and elucidates on further research.

In dieser Monografie wird das Potenzial der Blockchain-Technologie zur Erleichterung des Übergangs in der Öl- und Gasindustrie untersucht.Während sich die Welt auf eine nachhaltige Energiezukunft zubewegt, steht die Öl- und Gasindustrie vor großen Herausforderungen und Chancen. Das Buch konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen O&G-Industrie und befasst sich mit der Rolle des Klimas und der Finanzmärkte im Energiesektor, den Anwendungen von Blockchain in der nachhaltigen Energieentwicklung und den Herausforderungen rechtlicher und regulatorischer Fragen bei der Anwendung der Blockchain-Technologie. Es gibt einen Einblick, wie die Energiebranche bereits an der Reduzierung von Kohlenstoffemissionen arbeitet und den Weg in eine nachhaltige Zukunft ebnet, mit detaillierten Beispielen für die Reduzierung von Methanemissionen, Kohlenstoffkreditmärkten, nachhaltigen Flugzeugtreibstoffen und Kunststoffen.Das Buch untersucht auch, wie O&G-Unternehmen ihre Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen mit Hilfe der Blockchain-Technologie für die Überwachung von Emissionsdaten, die Kohlenstoffabscheidung, -nutzung und -speicherung sowie das Lieferkettenmanagement zur Entwicklung sauberer Produkte vorantreiben können.