Solenergi

A concise work on photovoltaics research, development and operation in desert regions to tap their enormous solar potential. Chapters cover energy yield under desert conditions, cells and bifacial modules, soiling, a case study from Australia, conclusions and future outlooks.

This book presents a both detailed and comprehensive look at metal¿organic frameworks (MOFs), a relatively new class of materials with a broad application potential. The beginning chapters focus on introducing the requisite fundamental knowledge of MOFs with respect to their classification, synthesis, functionalization approaches, and various other physiochemical facets such as structural morphology and coordination chemistry. The remaining chapters cover an array of diverse applications, from areas such as energy storage and environmental remediation, to drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering.Featuring chapters dedicated to the design of novel MOF structures, as well as theoretical calculations via density functional theory and machine learning techniques, this book targets a wide readership of both academic and industrial researchers interested in an in-depth understanding of the latest MOF structure¿function relationships, as well as their deployment in a wide variety of coordinated engineering applications.

This book provides a deep insight into recent achievements in synthesis, investigation, and applications of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials. The large number of interesting phenomena occur in these compounds, including ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrocaloric, Seebeck, photovoltaic, and ferroelectric-photovoltaic effects. Furthermore, the outstanding photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and piezocatalytic properties of the chalcohalide nanomaterials have been revealed. Since many chalcohalide semiconductors possess both photoactive and ferroelectric properties, they are recognized as photoferroelectrics. It presents an overview of fabrication of chalcohalide nanomaterials using different methods: mechanical milling of bulk crystals, liquid-phase exfoliation, vapor phase growth, hydro/solvothermal methods, synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation, microwave synthesis, laser/heat-induced crystallization, electrospinning, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The strategies of the chalcohalide nanomaterials processing for construction of functional devices are presented.The book describes solution processing for thin films preparation, spin-coating deposition of polymer composites, solution casting, films deposition via drop-casting, high pressure compression of nanowires into the bulk samples, pressure assisted sintering, and electric field assisted alignment of nanowires. The applications of the chalcohalide nanomaterials for mechanical/thermal energy harvesting and energy storage are presented. Major challenges and emerging trends in fabrication, characterization, and future applications of low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials are discussed. A wealth of information for scholars, graduate students, and engineers involved in research of nanomaterials.

This book focuses on the current situation of two technologies for electricity production from renewable energy sources, wind and solar photovoltaic energy, analysing and describing both technologies in detail.Four regions of the world, with distinct energy markets and conditions, are explored. Together, the USA, Europe, China and Japan represent one third of the world¿s population and occupy 25% of the planet, therefore offering a representation of a global picture. In each of these regions, the development of the solar and wind energy is examined, and the economic implications are described.

This book covers evolution, concept and applications of modern semiconductor devices such as tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs), vertical super-thin body MOSFETs, ion sensing FETs (ISFETs), non-conventional solar cells, opto-electro mechanical devices and thin film transistors (TFTs). Comprising of theory, experimentation and applications of devices, the chapters describe state-of-art methods and techniques which shall be highly assistive in having an overall perspective on emerging technologies and working on a research area. The book is aimed at the scholars, enthusiasts and researchers who are currently working on devices in the contemporary era of semiconductor devices. Additionally, the chapters are lucid and descriptive and carry the potential of serving as a reference book for scholars in their undergraduate studies, who are looking ahead for a prospective career in semiconductor devices.

In diesem Buch sind alle 27 Erfindungen des Herrn Emil Johannes Pfautsch so wiedergegeben, wie sie beim Deutschen Patentamt hinterlegt sind. Es handelt sich hierbei vorwiegend um einen Faksimiledruck.Aus dem Inhalt:permanentmagnetischer Generator mit magnetischem Nebenschlußsolare MeerwasserentsalzungsanlageMaschine, die die Schwerkraft und das Feld eines Dauermagneten nutztZentrifugalbeschleunigungstriebwerkund einig weitere.

This book explains the challenges and barriers of island energy systems in the European Union. It reviews the research projects carried out to date, and proposes a new feasible scheme that could be advantageous to many isolated energy systems. The book contains a thorough literature review, to ensure the originality of its ideas. It provides a clear insight of the opportunities and difficulties facing EU island energy systems.

What are the physical mechanisms that underlie the efficient generation and transfer of energy at the nanoscale? Nature seems to know the answer to this question, having optimised the process of photosynthesis in plants over millions of years of evolution. It is conceivable that humans could mimic this process using synthetic materials, and organic semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention in this respect.Once an organic semiconductor absorbs light, bound pairs of electrons with positively charged holes, termed `excitons¿, are formed. Excitons behave as fundamental energy carriers, hence understanding the physics behind their efficient generation and transfer is critical to realising the potential of organic semiconductors for light-harvesting and other applications, such as LEDs and transistors. However, this problem is extremely challenging since excitons can interact very strongly with photons. Moreover, simultaneously with the exciton motion, organic molecules canvibrate in hundreds of possible ways, having a very strong effect on energy transfer.The description of these complex phenomena is often beyond the reach of standard quantum mechanical methods which rely on the assumption of weak interactions between excitons, photons and vibrations. In this thesis, Antonios Alvertis addresses this problem through the development and application of a variety of different theoretical methods to the description of these strong interactions, providing pedagogical explanations of the underlying physics. A comprehensive introduction to organic semiconductors is followed by a review of the background theory that is employed to approach the relevant research questions, and the theoretical results are presented in close connection with experiment, yielding valuable insights for experimentalists and theoreticians alike.

n-type solar cells are less prone to defects and degradation compared to p-type solar cells. This makes n-type solar cells more effective, but manufacturing challenges remain. This reference conveys the state of research and development for n-type solar cells.

Dieses Lehrbuch beschreibt die Prinzipien und Konzepte der quantenhaften Solarenergiewandlung, der Photovoltaik, konsistent mit physikalischen Formulierungen.Beginnend bei den Grundlagen zur Strahlungsquelle Sonne und den theoretischen Grenzen bei der Wandlung solarer Strahlung, über die grundlegenden Prinzipien der Photovoltaik bis zu realen Solarzellen und möglichen Konzepte zur Erhöhung der Ausbeute, ermöglicht das Buch einen Überblick über dieses, auch mit Blick auf eine dauerhafte und klimaneutrale Energieversorgung relevante Thema.Zum Verständnis der Wirkungsweise und der thermodynamischen Limits sind Kenntnisse und Beziehungen aus verschiedenen Gebieten der Physik notwendig, wie Festkörper- und Halbleiterphysik, Thermodynamik und Statistik, Optik und Elektrodynamik. Diese Beziehungen werden zur Erklärung der Funktion von Solarzellen in den vorliegenden Kapiteln im Vergleich mit bestehenden Werken sehr ausführlich dargestellt und in einem Anhang für interessierte Leserinnen und Leser vertieft.Der Inhalt dieses Buchs richtet sich dabei vornehmlich an Studierende im Bachelor- und Masterstudiengang von Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, beispielsweise der Fachrichtungen Physik, Chemie, Umweltwissenschaften, Elektrotechnik und Informatik.

Photovoltaic electricity generation is a rapidly growing industry, and a key pillar of a decarbonized energy system. Lasers are used to dope the semiconductor layers in solar cells, and it is necessary to passivate these laser-induced structures to prevent premature charge carrier recombination. This book conveys passivation techniques.

A hands-on, case study-backed reference of control strategies, fault classification mechanisms, and reliability analysis methods for PV modules, power electronic converters, and grid-connected PV systems. Written by an international team of researchers with excellent backgrounds in academia and industry.

Serien LEG OG LÆR er udarbejdet som en del af projektet "Økologi i børnehøjde", i Det økologiske Inspirationshus på Frederiksberg. Projektet var delvist finansieret af Velux Fonden. Projektet udviklede børns handlekompetence omkring økologi og bæredygtighed, og var særligt målrettet 0. – 4. klassetrin, og undervisningen i faget Natur og Teknologi, hvortil de var godkendt af Undervisningsministeriet. Med sit innovative, særlige didaktiske design, var projektet en stor succes. Læringshæfterne i serien LEG OG LÆR følger op på idéerne i projektet, og er med til at forankre disse, men kan også benyttes som selvstændigt undervisningsmateriale til de enkelte emner.