Elektronik teknik

Retention time is an important phenomenon in dynamic random access memory for data storage operation. The storage capacitor is solely responsible for charge storing mechanism. The overall action is control by word line and bit line. It is also responsible for sensing, monitoring and data storing operation. Normally the availability of inexpensive leakage reduction technique is the backbone of any dynamic random access memory wherein the valuable sense information is deposited in storage capacitance in electric charge form. Since there is no option available for replenishing the electric charge on storage capacitor to prevent loss of information or data. One of the most acclaimed and accepted schemes toward effecting high retention time is by incorporating the leakage reduction technique which has becomes a part of dynamic random access memory. Semiconductor memory finds its application in almost all the electronics fields comprises data sensing, monitoring and data storing operation. In computer, tablet, cell phones, real time data acquisition system, healthcare, military and many more. In most of these applications there are requirements of data sense, preserve and processing in real time operation. In other words, this selection of memories based on the types of data stored in semiconductor memory i.e. temporary or permanent in many demanding applications. But leakage current play vital role after data storage operation in semiconductor memories. Due to leakage current there may be chances of loss of information and it affects the system performance. Hence a leakage reduction technique proves to be an excellent alternative with memory circuit for minimized the leakage current.

Embark on an inspirational journey towards sustainable living with "Sustainable Visions: Off-Grid Projects for the Modern Homesteader." In this captivating guidebook, readers are invited to explore a world of innovative green solutions that promise to transform not just homes, but entire lifestyles.Through a blend of practical advice and visionary insights, this book illuminates the path to self-sufficiency, offering a comprehensive roadmap for modern homesteaders eager to embrace sustainable practices. From harnessing solar power to cultivating thriving organic gardens, each chapter presents a wealth of off-grid projects designed to elevate both comfort and conscience.Drawing from real-life examples and expert knowledge, "Sustainable Visions" showcases a diverse array of eco-friendly initiatives that empower individuals to reduce their environmental footprint while enhancing their quality of life. Whether you're dreaming of a cozy cabin retreat or seeking to retrofit your urban dwelling, this book provides the tools and inspiration needed to turn sustainability aspirations into tangible reality.Discover the art of rainwater harvesting, master the principles of passive heating and cooling, and unlock the secrets of renewable energy systems. With step-by-step instructions, insightful anecdotes, and stunning photography, this book serves as a beacon for those ready to embrace a greener, more self-reliant tomorrow."Sustainable Visions" is not just a manual for building off-grid projects; it's a manifesto for a more harmonious relationship with nature and a testament to the transformative power of sustainable living. Join the movement towards a brighter, more resilient future, one green innovation at a time.

This book is to provide readers with up-to-date advances in applied and interdisciplinary engineering science and technologies related to nonlinear dynamics, vibration, control, robotics, and their engineering applications, developed in the most recent years. All the contributed chapters come from active scholars in the area, which cover advanced theory & methods, innovative technologies, benchmark experimental validations and engineering practices. Readers would benefit from this state-of-the-art collection of applied nonlinear dynamics, in-depth vibration engineering theory, cutting-edge control methods and technologies, and definitely find stimulating ideas for their on-going R&D work. This book is intended for graduate students, research staff and scholars in academics, and also provides useful hand-up guidance for professional and engineers in practical engineering missions.

Decision-making is a key factor to achieve success in any discipline, especially in a field like civil engineering, which is based on calculations and requires large amounts of information being taken into account. Most processes and procedures are a compendium of many different tasks and requirements specific to each project under development, and making decisions in such environments can often be an arduous endeavor. That is why the need for analytical criteria capable of assisting with untangling complex scenarios has arisen preponderantly. As an all-encompassing resource, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis for Civil Engineering Applications facilitates civil engineers by outlining state-of-the-art techniques for quantitative decision-making to optimally select the appropriate approach when faced with operational issues or to prioritize among multiple options. Authored by recognized experts in the field, this book proves to be a balanced reference volume that is essential not just for civil engineers, but also for a wide variety of audiences in interconnected disciplines.

Nanoferrites for Emerging Environmental Applications discusses the synthesis and structure of nanoferrites, as well as their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. This book also provides a detailed discussion of the use of nanoferrites for various environmental applications, such as for water and air pollution detection and remediation. This book covers almost every aspect of nanoferrites for environmental applications and will be of great use to researchers working in multidisciplinary areas. Nanoferrites’ superior electronic, optical, and magnetic properties make them promising agents in a wide spectrum of applications. After looking at the fundamentals of nanoferrites, this book proceeds to analyze their application in a comprehensive range of environmental applications. Topics covered include wastewater treatment, the removal of heavy metal ions, remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants, and their use in the detection and remediation of both air and solid pollution. Future opportunities for research are also addressed.

Rehabilitation Robotics and Healthcare Devices presents cutting-edge topics in rehabilitation robotics and healthcare devices, covering basic concepts and providing readers with enough information to solve various practical problems. The book proves to be an excellent source to study the different emerging paradigms in rehabilitation robotics and healthcare areas, including related technologies such as sensors, wearable devices, internet of medical things, big data, machine learning for eHealth, edible sensors, robots in medicine, and exoskeleton robots for rehabilitation.

Advancements in Nanotechnology for Food and Packaging explores current trends, advances and associated challenges of the applications of nanotechnology in the food sectors, such as the fabrication and characterization of functional food, developments and shelf-life extension. This book is organized into 16 chapters that cover the main concepts related to the use of nanotechnology in food processing, packaging and monitoring. Coverage includes food functionalization, quality management and control, food sensory, membrane filtration technology, nanotechnology-based sensors, sustainable packaging, regulatory aspects, and much more. This book an essential resource for materials and food scientists, technologists, researchers, academics and professionals working in nanotechnology and food science.

Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery presents a comprehensive overview of the most significant physical and chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. This book reviews targeted and controlled drug delivery systems and how nanocarriers can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of drugs in biological systems, such as increasing utilization rate and reducing toxicity and side effects. After a key introduction to the topic, a range of nanocarrier types is assessed before exploring the clinical translation challenges and considerations involved.This book is a useful resource for researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and medicinal chemistry.

Advanced Logic Design Techniques," authored by Zhang Dan, delves into sophisticated approaches and cutting-edge tactics required for mastering digital system design. This thorough guide navigates readers through the complexity of logic circuits, delivering in-depth insights into optimization, synthesis, and verification methods. With a rigorous blend of theoretical principles and practical applications, this book equips both rookie and seasoned engineers with the tools essential to face modern design issues. From algorithmic optimizations to sophisticated synthesis approaches, Zhang Dan presents a holistic approach to logic design, making this book an invaluable resource for students and experts in the field of digital electronics.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of fault tolerant control (FTC) for more-electric civil aircraft. FTC is a crucial approach to enhance the reliability and safety of aircraft in the event of actuator, sensor, or structural failures. Engineers and scientists from diverse disciplines, including aeronautics, electrical, mechanical, and control engineering, have been drawn to research on FTC. This book analyzes the impact of faults on performance degradation in dissimilar redundant actuation systems of civil aircraft and presents the FTC methods to ensure reliable actuation and efficient control. Additionally, this book addresses surface damage issues, such as the loss of elevator, horizontal stabilizer, and rudder, by providing representative FTC methods. The book¿s major highlight is its comprehensive and systematic approach to FTC design, making it an ideal resource for readers interested in learning about FTC design for civil aircraft. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of FTC, adaptive control, flight control, etc.

This book is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing (ICRTC 2022) held at SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, Delhi, India, during 3 ¿ 4 June 2022. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques. The book presents original works from researchers from academic and industry in the field of networking, security, big data and the Internet of things.

This book reports the developments of the Total Least Square (TLS) algorithms for parameter estimation and adaptive filtering. Specifically, it introduces the authors¿ latest achievements in the past 20 years, including the recursive TLS algorithms, the approximate inverse power iteration TLS algorithm, the neural based MCA algorithm, the neural based SVD algorithm, the neural based TLS algorithm, the TLS algorithms under non-Gaussian noises, performance analysis methods of TLS algorithms, etc. In order to faster the understanding and mastering of the new methods provided in this book for readers, before presenting each new method in each chapter, a specialized section is provided to review the closely related several basis models. Throughout the book, large of procedure of new methods are provided, and all new algorithms or methods proposed by us are tested and verified by numerical simulations or actual engineering applications. Readers will find illustrative demonstration examples on a range of industrial processes to study. Readers will find out the present deficiency and recent developments of the TLS parameter estimation fields, and learn from the the authors¿ latest achievements or new methods around the practical industrial needs. In my opinion, this book can be assimilated by advanced undergraduates and graduate students, as well as statisticians, because of the new tools in data analysis, applied mathematics experts, because of the novel theories and techniques that we propose, engineers, above all for the applications in control, system identification, computer vision, and signal processing.

This proceedings book presents the latest research in the fields of information theory, communication system, computer science and signal processing, as well as other related technologies. Collecting selected papers from the 3rd Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers (ICSINC), held in Chongqing, China on September 13-15, 2017, it is of interest to professionals from academia and industry alike.

Oscilloscopes have made a major contribution to the advancement of human knowledge, not only in electronics, but in all sciences, whenever a physical quantity can be converted into a timerelated electrical signal. This book traces the history of a crucial instrument through many Tektronix products. This is the company that invented and patented most of the functions found in all oscilloscopes today. Tek is and will always be synonymous with the oscilloscope. In nearly 600 pages, with hundreds of gorgeous photos, diagrams, anecdotes, and technical data, you'll travel through the history of Tektronix in a superb collector's edition with a technical point of view. The author is not afraid to get his hands dirty restoring his own Tek equipment. The journey starts in the early 1950s. It ends in the '90s, after exploring the ins and outs of the most interesting models in the 300, 400, 500, 5000, 7000, and 11000 series, from tubes to advanced hybrid technologies.

Devices for generation, distribution and regulation of electric power are important parts of appliances for healthcare, comfort, defence and transportation. Two classes of such devices discussed in this thesis are diodes and MOSFETs. These are used in rectification, amplification and switching applications, and are realized in semiconductor materials. The power level at which these devices operate is decided by the application. Depending on the voltage and current rating, this can vary from 1 Giga Watt at the power station to few Watts for mobile chargers. To cater to this wide range of power levels, power converter circuits are often employed. Depending on the application, these converters could be AC-DC, DC-AC, DC-DC or AC-AC. Although the functionality of these circuits is different, all of them invariably requires power switches. The performance of these switches decides the conversion efficiency of the converter. So far, power devices fabricated in Si (silicon) have been the workhorse. It is of interest to discuss the performance of a Si switch in terms of the five characteristics listed above. Silicon switches are mostly normally off and thereby avoid complex driving circuits. Apart from this, Si switches underperform in terms of the other four characteristics. Superjunction concept was originally introduced in the context of silicon devices. Later, it has been extended to other wide bandgap materials like SiC and GaN to combine the advantage of linear VBR-RONSP relation and the large value of EC. It is to be noted that although different materials offer different technological challenges to realize a superjunction, the theory of superjunction operation and the analytical design equations are valid across materials upon making changes to the material specific parameters (e.g. impact ionization coefficients, mobility etc.). Hence, a model developed to design the optimum superjunction parameters has potentially a large impact. It can help technologists working across materials to steer their efforts more effectively towards realizing the best device for a target application with minimum cost and effort.

"Mastering Electronics Repair: A Practical Handbook for Beginners and Experts" is a comprehensive guide that covers everything from the basics of electronics to advanced repair techniques. Whether you're just starting out or you're an experienced repair expert looking to expand your skills, this book has something for you.The book begins with an introduction to basic electronics principles, ensuring that even beginners can follow along. It then progresses to more advanced topics, such as troubleshooting techniques, component identification, and repair strategies for specific devices like power tools, appliances, and automotive systems.Each chapter is filled with detailed explanations, step-by-step instructions, and practical tips that make complex concepts easy to understand. The book also includes illustrations, diagrams, and photographs to help readers visualize the repair process.Whether you're repairing a simple circuit or tackling a complex electronic device, "Mastering Electronics Repair" will be your go-to resource. With this handbook in hand, you'll be able to confidently diagnose and fix a wide range of electronics issues, making it an indispensable tool for anyone interested in electronics repair.

La programación puede parecer desalentadora a veces, y es especialmente intimidante para los principiantes, pero con la invención de la Raspberry Pi, se volvió mucho más fácil de aprender y más asequible. El Pi es una pequeña computadora del tamaño de una tarjeta de crédito que dio lugar a la aparición de una comunidad completamente nueva de geeks. Con esta guía sencilla y fácil de seguir, los aspirantes a programadores ahora pueden aprender el oficio sin sentirse abrumados y desarrollar dispositivos geniales y robots complejos.La Raspberry Pi ha vendido millones de unidades desde su llegada al mercado, y esta Guía completa para principiantes para la configuración, programación (conceptos y técnicas) y el desarrollo de proyectos geniales de Raspberry Pi le mostrará por qué.Esto es lo que obtendrá al leer este libro para principiantes:1. Configure su propia Raspberry Pi y aprenda cómo conectarle otros dispositivos.2. Aprenda a trabajar con Linux y a usar comandos básicos.3. Ingrese al mundo de la programación con Python, un lenguaje poderoso con renombre mundial por ser fácil de aprender, pero muy versátil.4. Captar los conceptos más avanzados de programación orientada a objetos.5. Explore el proceso de creación de proyectos geniales, desde el humilde rastreador web hasta la poderosa estación meteorológica.Abre tu mente a todo un mundo de posibilidades.

Robotics is a diverse field, mechanically complex and with challenges in software and design. Technology is advancing quickly today, with breakthroughs in traditional automation and mechatronics, new approaches in autonomous systems and even the advent of everyday A.I. And although new robots, drones or autonomous systems are increasingly appearing all around, getting started in robotics can be difficult: terms are unknown, concepts only vaguely familiar, abbreviations difficult to decipher. What is an AMR (an "autonomous mobile robot")? What are robot ethics? Will patrol robots police our streets? What is a SCARA or Cartesian robot?This Micropolis Robotics Handbook is mainly written in the form of a technical terms glossary, meant as a quick-start guide on robotics. Short paragraphs per term summarize often complex matter to provide you with an overview of the field. Selected terms receive broader discussion in short articles. Several concepts are visualized in black and white illustrations. Organized like an encyclopedia, this basic reference book is a first primer on this fascinating and highly relevant topic of Automation, Industrial and DIY Robots and Industrial Technology.

Il presente testo nasce da una serie di dispense impiegate nel corso degli anni, in progetti di formazione e consulenza aziendale, e contiene i fondamenti necessari alla comprensione dell'argomento. Più in generale, può essere una valida traccia per lo svolgimento di lezioni sul tema. Vengono introdotti i concetti base di tecnologia degli utensili per la scelta ragionata dei parametri nelle lavorazioni di tornitura e fresatura. Le istruzioni del linguaggio ISO standard trattate, sono sufficienti in un eventuale percorso scolastico o formativo, per realizzare particolari meccanici anche complessi. Il libro si rivolge a studenti di istituti tecnici e professionali a indirizzo meccanico e meccatronico, e agli utenti che frequentano corsi di formazione dedicati alla programmazione delle macchine utensili CNC. In ambito aziendale può essere uno strumento di aggiornamento professionale per chi opera in produzione e per gli addetti al controllo qualità.

This book provides a guide for those looking to understand the potential of blockchain technology and its impact on various industries. The book provides an in-depth exploration of blockchain technology, its use cases, and the opportunities and challenges it presents. From digital currencies and smart contracts to supply chain management and decentralized finance, the book covers all the key aspects of blockchain technology. The authors also go beyond the technical details, providing valuable insights and practical advice on how to navigate this new era of decentralization and trustless transactions. The book is an ideal read for researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, or anyone looking to stay ahead of the curve and stay informed about the future of blockchain technology.

This book offers a timely snapshot of research, technologies and best practices in the broad area of bioengineering and clinical engineering. Contributions report on advances in biomechanics, biomaterials, and tissue engineering, biosensors and instrumentation, biomedical signal processing, and rehabilitation engineering. Further, it covers topics relating to quality engineering and management of health services, and of engineering education. The book gathers selected, peer-reviewed contributions to the XXIII Argentinian Congress of Bioengineering and the XII Clinical Engineering Conference, both known under the acronym ¿SABI 2022¿, held on September 13¿16, 2022, in San Juan, Argentina, and organized by the Sociedad Argentina de Bioingeniería.

This book presents Blockchain technology and its various applications in educational environments. The authors show how Blockchain has the potential to revolutionize the field of education by creating decentralized and secure platforms for connecting students and educators across borders. The book also discusses the challenges and limitations of implementing Blockchain in education, such as technical complexity, lack of standardization, and regulatory issues. The authors provide several examples and case studies that demonstrate how Blockchain technology can be used to improve various aspects of education. The authors also recognize that Blockchain technology evolves rapidly and address the potential impact of the technology on the field of education in the future. In addition to general educational applications, the authors also provide a global perspective, addressing the potential impact of technology on education in various countries and regions.