Bøger af National Academy of Sciences

Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, this book offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities. It also provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver various services to rural communities.

Summarizes a conference organized to bring the lessons of the Academy's analysis of Government-Industry Partnerships to bear on the war on terror. This book contributes to an understanding of the potential of partnerships to bring security-enhancing technologies and equipment to the market.

The genomes of thousands of organisms have been sequenced or partially sequenced and deposited in databases accessible to scientists. Based in part on views from working biological scientists, this report concludes that policies that allow scientists and the public unrestricted access to genome data on microbial pathogens should not be changed.

Examines the senior S&T appointments to federal government positions and accompanies the list of the urgent S&T presidential appointments. This report covers not only presidential appointments to top S&T leadership positions but also the appointment of scientists, engineers, and health professionals to serve on federal advisory committees.

Explores whether there are core pedagogical and skill-based homeland security program needs. This report examines education programs focusing on various aspects of homeland security. It comments on the possible parallels between homeland security, area studies, international relations, and science policy, as developed or emerging academic thrusts.

Methane hydrate is a natural form of clathrate - a chemical substance in which one molecule forms a lattice around a 'guest' molecule with chemical bonding. This report reviews the Department of Energy's (DOE) Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program, the project selection process, and projects funded to date.

In Africa many of the refugee flows in have had a strong ethnic dimension; interethnic conflict or conflict between politically powerful groups with minority populations. This report focuses on the experience of a single persecuted population whose sociopolitical history, with their underlying marital and fertility regimes, responses to conflict.

Assists policymakers in evaluating the scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. This work feels that scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of substances and of the method used to create them.

A report that presents the summary of a workshop held in May 2003 by the Space Studies Board's Committee on Solar and Space Physics to synthesize understanding of the physics of the outer heliosphere and the critical role played by the local interstellar medium (LISM) and to identify directions for the further exploration of this environment.

The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. This report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy.

Examines the psychosocial consequences of the cancer experience. This book focuses on breast cancer in women because this group has the largest survivor population. It characterizes the psychosocial consequences of a diagnosis of breast cancer, describes psychosocial services and how they are delivered, and evaluates their effectiveness.

Argues that the evidence favored rejection of a causal relationship between influenza vaccines and exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. This work also argues that the evidence about the effects of influenza vaccine is inadequate to accept or reject a causal relationship. It reviews theories on how influenza vaccine can damage the nervous system.

Presents some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides options for intervention. This book offers an example for a public health strategy to serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated.

In the summer of 2002, the Office of Naval Research asked the Committee on Human Factors to hold a workshop on dynamic social network and analysis. The presentations at this workshop were grouped into four sessions: Social Network Theory Perspectives, Dynamic Social Networks, Metrics and Models, and Networked Worlds.

Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work? This work addresses these questions, and explores the ways in which different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted.

Explores three related questions: how to create measures of undergraduate learning in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics courses; how such measures be organized into a framework to assess instruction; and how the framework be used at the institutional level to assess the courses and curricula to promote improvements.

The childhood cancer survivors who experience late effects as a result of their disease, its treatment, or both, are the focus of this report. It outlines a policy agenda that links improved health care delivery and follow-up, investments in education and training for health care providers, and research to improve the long-term outlook.

The Institute of Medicine study Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) recommended that an interdisciplinary summit be held to further reform of health professions education in order to enhance quality and patient safety. This work is the follow up to that summit, held in June 2002. It recommends a mix of approaches to health education improvement.

Useful for children in grades K-12, this volume provides broad recommendations for comprehensive school health programs CSHPs, with suggestions and guidelines for national, state, and local actions. It examines how communities can become involved, and explores models for CSHPs. It is for policymakers in health and education, teachers, and parents.

Offers recommendations on foods to eat and provides tips on shopping, cooking, and eating out. This volume explains what protein, fiber, cholesterol, and fats are and what foods contain them, and tells readers how to reduce their risk of chronic disease by modifying the types of food they eat.

"Malaria Control During Mass Population Movements and Natural Disasters" provides a basic overview of the state of knowledge of epidemiology of malaria and public health interventions and practices for controlling the disease in situations involving forced migration and conflict.