Sundhedslovgivning og sociallovgivning

The book deals with the effective operation of the rules related to biomedical research and pays attention to the activities of the national legislatures of the 27 Member States in the field of scientific research. This multilevel system has an impact on biobanking activity. The book answers questions realized by operators on the main biobanks around the EU in the field of GDPR. The authors and editors used the questions born from brainstorming among members of the Association European, Middle East & Africa for Biopreservation and Biobanking (ESBB) to offer to the operators in biobanking activity and researchers quickly answer to their daily questions, but with authors highest quality. Further the book provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of biobanking. It provides researchers and scholars working on biobanking and bio-sharing and more in general in the university hospitals and clinical trial consortiums, and companies, biomedical researchers, but also jurists and the professionals (in particular judges, lawyers, officers) an instrument rigorous but easy to use of the GDPR in the case of biobanking activities. The book identifies a methodological path to tackle the legal or ethical problem on a specific scientific-technological to verify existing solutions and give ideas for future applications. The importance of the legal solution influences the implementation of the development of the biobanking activity service itself.

Using computational approaches utilizing large datasets to investigate public healthinformation is an important mechanism for institutions seeking to identify strategiesfor improving public health. The art in computational approaches, for examplein health research, is managing the trade-offs between the two perspectives:first, inference and s econd, p rediction. Many techniques from statistical methods(SM) and machine learning (ML) may, in principle, be used for both perspectives.However, SM has a well established focus on inference by building probabilisticmodels which allows us to determine a quantitative measure of confidence aboutthe magnitude of the effect. Simulation-based validation approaches can be usedin conjunction with SM to explicitly verify assumptions and redefine t he specifiedmodel, if n ecessary. On the other hand, ML uses general-purpose algorithmsto find p atterns t hat b est p redict t he o utcome and makes minimal assumptionsabout the data-generating process; and may be more effective in a number of situations.My work employs both SM- and ML- based computational approaches toinvestigate particular public health problems. Chapter One provides philosophicalbackground and compares the application of the two approaches in public health.Chapter Two describes and implements penalized Cox proportional hazard modelsfor time-varying covariates time-to-event data. Chapter Three applies traditionalsurvival models and machine learning algorithms to predict survival times of cancerpatients, while incorporating the information about the time-varying covariates.Chapter Four discusses and implements various approaches for computing predictionsand effects for generalized linear (mixed) models. Finally, Chapter Fiveimplements and compares various statistical models for handling univariate andmultivariate binary outcomes for water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) data.

This book provides insights into the complex labour and social security framework of EU employment and its enforcement. Starting from an analysis of the various EU instruments and case law, it outlines the complicated legal framework, the practical problems involved, and ways to overcome them. In turn, the book puts the evolution of the framework into perspective, reviews the numerous modifications made over the years, and describes interpretation-related difficulties. Since the formation of the European Community 65 years ago, migration and the European labour market have evolved considerably through special patterns of (temporary) mobility such as postings, simultaneous work in several Member States and high mobility, thus leading to major questions about the applicable legal framework. The interplay between the free movement of persons and services has produced a complex system of rules. Which law applies when a person crosses a border: that of the host State (and to what extent should this State take into account the legal rules from the home State?) or that of the home State? Does the person crossing the border have any choice in the matter?The book subsequently analyses the penetration of EU (market) law into national systems of labour and social security law. The divergent solutions and views within labour and social security law are considered and discussed from a critical point of view.As the positive elements of the European story are at risk of being overshadowed by the negative consequences of the European construction - social dumping being the prime example - special attention is paid to the cooperation between inspection services and other stakeholders in order to guarantee efficient enforcement. The latter is more than just sanctioning, but also includes prevention and monitoring issues.The unique strength of this book is that it brings together all legal-technical aspects of cross-border employment and its enforcement in both labour law and social security law in a single volume. Readers will find a wealth of detailed and specialised information, helping them to understand the topic in depth. Accordingly, the book will be of interest to academics, practitioners, enforcement bodies, judiciary policymakers, advanced law students, and researchers seeking to understand the law in context.

The challenges that labour law currently faces are well known. The emergence of new forms of work and the growing importance of technology in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are important tests of the resilience of this field of law and its function: regulating the labour market. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to examine the fundamentals of labour law, especially how subordinate labour is addressed in various countries¿ constitutions, in order to focus the analysis of the new phenomena affecting labour relations on their fundamental frameworks.In this context, this book puts forward an overarching framework that reflects how the Italian, German, French, Portuguese, and Spanish constitutions view labour in terms of both collective and individual relations ¿ particularly the right to collective bargaining, the right to strikes and lock-outs, job security, and the right to remuneration ¿ without losing sight of each Constitution's historical and political context.The aim of this book is therefore to provide an overview of the labour law frameworks in the constitutions of these legal systems and to show, by means of practical examples, how the law concretely implements them. Accordingly, it provides notes on the legal treatment of the topics analysed, serving as a practical guide for the study of these matters in the respective jurisdictions.This book will be of interest to all students and scholars of labour law looking for an overview of the topics covered in all five jurisdictions.

«This is a very good argument, with impressive detail, clear structure, and vehement commitment.»(M. McEldowney, Emeritus Professor of Planning) This book provides a post-Covid recovery strategy for the UK that is based on all aspects of health, but also addresses the ever-greater threat from global warming. Health and sustainability are interlocked.More than other European nations, we favour libertarian values over social equity, privatized public services and lower taxes that reduce those services. From fair-minded pragmatism, we have descended into dogma, incompetence and intolerance.Using the government's 5 guiding principles for a sustainable future, the book suggests how to improve distinct aspects of health:personal health through more preventive medicine;environmental health with lower transport and household emissions;economic health through local (rather than global) production of goods and services;social health by reducing gross health and wealth inequalities; andpolitical health through strategic commitment, fair taxes (a bedroom tax just on the poor?) and real devolution to local councils.We need to think local, act local and act now.

This comprehensive guide invites nations worldwide to embark on a transformative journey, implementing independent third-party verification systems that ensure medical devices comply with both international and national regulations. Prepare to be captivated as we delve into the intricate processes, unveil essential procedures, and illuminate the paramount importance of establishing traceability for medical device measurements.Imagine a world where medical devices undergo rigorous independent safety and performance verification, guaranteeing the utmost reliability for patient diagnoses and treatment. This book takes you on a compelling exploration of precisely that vision. Focusing on cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic devices, it captures the very essence of the latest international directives and regulations, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve.This new edition goes beyond the conventional, delving into the realms of innovation and progress. Unveiling in-depth maintenance regimes within healthcare institutions, we provide you with invaluable insights into post-market surveillance. As the world embraces the transformative potential of artificial intelligence, we pave the way for evidence-based management of medical device maintenance¿a concept poised to reshape the healthcare landscape.Imagine a future where medical devices are seamlessly integrated into the legal metrology system, while fully operational national laboratories for medical device inspection set new standards of excellence. This book vividly illustrates how such a powerful union can elevate the reliability of medical devices in diagnosis and patient care. Brace yourself for a paradigm shift that not only enhances efficacy but also leads to significant cost reductions within your country's healthcare system.Join us on this extraordinary journey as we unveil the untapped potential of medical device inspection. With our innovative approach and unrivaled expertise, together we can revolutionize healthcare, transforming the lives of countless patients worldwide. Get ready to be inspired, informed, and empowered¿welcome to the future of healthcare!

Advising educational establishments on their rights and responsibilities as an Employer is an increasingly complex and specialist area; particularly with the drive towards academisation, multi-academy trusts and the ever-increasing legislative burden of safeguarding and governance.Based on both authors' extensive experience in this area, this text provides a practical approach to advising on employment issues for Schools of whatever variety, whether they be maintained, academies or independent. Aimed at all those advising clients in this sector, whilst also being a useful text for those primary advising employees in the sector as well, the text focuses on key issues unique to the sector; including:Who is the Employer?An examination of the different types of educational institutions and the intricacies unique to each.Disciplinary and misconduct issues - including safeguarding issues and the role of the barring authorities.Performance management including sickness absence; performance related pay and the statutory appraisal framework.Holiday Pay in the post Harpur Trust v Brazel world.TUPE in the Education Sector.Trade Union relations and Industrial Action.Pensions - an examination of key areas practitioners should be aware of in dealing with the Local Government Pension Scheme and Teachers' Pension Scheme, with particular reference to restructuring.ABOUT THE AUTHORSJonathan Holden is a Partner, National Head of Employment and Head of Education for Forbes Solicitors. He has specialised in Employment Law throughout his career. Jonathan has extensive experience in advising public sector institutions; and is a nationally recognised expert in advising on employment law issues within the education sector.James Barron is a Senior Associate within the Public Sector Employment Team within Forbes Solicitors. He has specialised in Employment Law and has advised all manner of different education settings throughout the entire period of his career.CONTENTSChapter One - Who Is the Employer?Chapter Two - Terms and ConditionsChapter Three - Safeguarding & Disqualification by AssociationChapter Four - Misconduct and DisciplineChapter Five - Performance ManagementChapter Six - Academies & TUPEChapter Seven - Trade Union Relations and Industrial ActionChapter Eight - Useful Sources of Information

Introducing ethically controversial (bio)technologies into the public healthcare system inevitably provokes societal and legal conflict. While it is often argued that these choices ought to comply with moral standards, the consideration of ethical and religious concerns raises a serious problem of legitimacy. By adopting the position that the state must act in an ethically neutral manner this book provides a critical legal analysis of the relationship between ethics and law and its implications for the public healthcare system. The ensuing examination combines a comparative, legal-constitutional perspective with the investigation of two case studies: preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

This book brings together leading authorities from the fields of international human rights law, criminology, legal medicine, and political science with international human rights judges and UN experts to analyze the current situation of detainees in Europe, the Americas and Africa.This comprehensive volume offers a platform for reflecting on the complexity of the prison problem from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors address detention-related issues with the aim of generating new ideas that contribute to both academic discussion and critical analysis. Academic dialogue across the globe provides insights into various national and international carceral systems and how they deal with human rights behind bars. At the same time, the critical comparison helps to identify basic needs and practices that can work in multiple settings. The contributors are respected experts and leading scholars in their fields, and each has pursued prison and human rights research over the last decades. However, this is the first time that they have come together in a multidisciplinary academic project.   This book aims to stimulate diverse actors to imagine alternative ways of engaging with persons deprived of their liberty, in academia and in practice. 

Teri Rogers is the Founder and CEO of Breaking Stigmas Treatment Operation 501(c)3 Nonprofit Organization. She isalso, a Certified Peer Specialist and Advocate for individuals experiencing,Homelessness, Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Women's Health issues. In May2018, Teri was featured as one of the two protagonists in the award-winning and highlyacclaimed documentary titled "Game Girls". This book gives insight to what it's like being homeless and on a mission to overcome Stigma.

"This Cambridge Handbook is the first dedicated treatment of the interface between AI and private law, and the challenges that AI poses for private law. The Handbook brings together a global team of private law experts and computer scientists to examine the interface, identify the problems, and propose solutions"--

Im Zentrum dieses essentials steht die Kurzdarstellung des praxisrelevanten kollektiven Arbeitsrechts. Maria Dimartino erklärt prägnant die wichtigsten Begriffe und bietet eine Übersicht des Betriebsverfassungsrechts, der Beteiligungsrechte von Arbeitnehmergremien, des betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagements, der Grundlagen des Tarifrechts, des Streikrechts, der Arbeitsgerichtsverfahren sowie weiterer Arbeitnehmergremien im Unternehmen. Das essential ist speziell auf die Bedürfnisse von Praktikern zugeschnitten. Neu in der 2. Auflage sind die Themen Einsatz von KI und betriebliches Eingliederungsmanagement.

"A galvanizing history of abortion recentering people of color to put forth a timely argument that we must liberate abortion for all"--

This book argues that legal theory provides a jumping-off point for the study of controversial topics related to the work of Practicing Healthcare Ethicists (PHEs). Healthcare ethics consultation has had a place in healthcare for many decades yet the nature of the work is not well understood by many of its critics as well as its defenders. PHEs have been described as compromised and ineffectual, politicised and undemocratic, and their promise to offer sound advice has been deemed irredeemably incoherent in the context of value pluralism.Legal theorists have long attended to the relationship between law and morality, and the supposed tension between democracy and the role of an expert judiciary. An appreciation that these debates are not unique to the practice of healthcare ethics can help PHEs to engage critics with a renewed confidence and some fresh approaches to perennial, and hitherto unproductive, arguments.This book will be of great interest to practicing healthcare ethicists, as well as those who rely upon their services (healthcare professionals and healthcare leaders, patients, and their families) as well as academics working in the broader field of bioethics.

Der Begriff des leitenden Angestellten ist gesetzlich nicht einheitlich definiert. Einigkeit besteht dahingehend, dass ein leitender Angestellter auf Grundlage eines Arbeitsvertrages tätig ist und für den Arbeitgeber unternehmerische Funktionen in eigener Verantwortung und mit einem erheblichen eigenen Entscheidungsspielraum übernimmt. Angesichts dieser Zwitterstellung stellt sich die Frage nach der Haftung des leitenden Angestellten. Anna Kuhn untersucht, ob das Arbeitnehmerprivileg und die Business Judgment Rule jeweils auf leitende Angestellte Anwendung finden und in welchem Verhältnis diese Haftungsbeschränkungen zueinander stehen. Anschließend analysiert sie, ob eine Pflicht oder eine Obliegenheit zum Abschluss einer D&O-Versicherung besteht und ob sich das (Nicht-)Bestehen der Versicherung auf die Haftung auswirkt.

This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "e;Multiple Regime Framework"e;, for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions.

Dieses Buch schließt eine Lücke auf dem Gebiet der rechtlichen Auseinandersetzung im Bereich der Geburtshilfe und Geburtsmedizin. Hierbei eignet es sich als zivilrechtliches Nachschlagewerk des geburtshelferischen Wissens sowohl für Rechtsanwender als auch für alle an einer Geburt beteiligten Personen und betritt hierbei Neuland in Bezug auf die rechtliche Beurteilung von geburtshelferischen Interventionen. Unter Berücksichtigung der zivilrechtlichen, strafrechtlichen und rechtshistorischen Aspekte verdeutlicht dieses Werk die Notwendigkeit der intensiven und offenen Auseinandersetzung zwischen Recht und Medizin. Neben den juristisch möglichen Konsequenzen zeigt die Arbeit auch Lösungsansätze auf, wie die Geburtssituation für alle Beteiligten positiver wahrgenommen werden kann und eine Aufarbeitung mit schwierigen Geburten und somit Verbesserung der derzeitigen Situation in der Geburtshilfe bzw. Geburtsmedizin gelingen kann.

Die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen geht mit großen Schritten voran. Wearables und Apps gehören dabei zu neuen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich. Der Autor befasst sich mit den rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen für diese Produktgruppen. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Bereichen des Datenschutzrechts, des Medizinprodukterechts und des Sozial- und Versicherungsrechts. Der Autor stellt die einzelnen Rechtsgrundlagen sowie die durch die Produktgruppen aufgeworfenen Rechtsfragen dar.