Alternative og fornybare energikilder og teknologier

This book provides an overview of the development and selection of functional polymer and nanomaterials for membrane development and their applications. It covers the definition, classification, and preparation of various functional polymers and nanocomposites and highlights potential applications in membrane technology.

This book aims to inform readers about the recent developments in feedstock-based bioethanol fuel production. Topics include waste, algal, syngas, and other biomass-based bioethanol fuel production.

This book aims to inform readers about the recent developments in feedstock-based bioethanol fuel production. Topics include starch-based, sugar-based, grass-based, and wood-based bioethanol fuel production.

This book covers the bioethanol fuels in electric cars and other products. Topics include bioethanol fuel-based biohydrogen fuel production, bioethanol fuel-based bioelectricity production, bioethanol fuel-based biochemical and biohydrocarbon production, and the development of bioethanol sensors.

This book employs an interdisciplinary approach covering science, technology, environment, and social sciences regarding the utilization and evaluation of bioethanol fuels. The book discusses bioethanol fuels in transport engines such as gasoline and diesel engines as well as the evaluation of bioethanol fuels.

This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment.Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring outcomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is vital to understand how to unlock the potential for public, community and prosumer participation to facilitate renewable energy deployment and a clean energy transition - and, consequently, to examine the factors influencing social acceptability. Focussing on the diverse BSR, this book draws on expert contributions to consider a range of different topics, including the challenges of social acceptance and its policy implications; strategies to address challenges of acceptability among stakeholders; and community engagement in clean energy production. Overall, the authors examine the practical implications of current policy measures and provide recommendations on how lessons learnt from this 'energy lab region' may be applied to other regions.Reflecting an interdisciplinary approach in the social sciences, this book is an essential resource for scholars, students and policymakers researching and working in the areas of renewable energy, energy policy and citizen engagement, and interested in understanding the potential for bottom-up, grassroots activities and social acceptability to expedite the energy transition and reanimate democracies.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.¿

This book covers advancements of power electronic converters and their control techniques for grid integration of large-scale renewable energy sources and electrical vehicles. Major emphasis is on transformer-less direct grid integration, bidirectional power transfer, compensation of grid power quality issues, DC system protection and grounding, interaction in mixed AC/DC systems, AC and DC system stability, design of high-frequency high power density systems with advanced soft magnetic materials, modeling and simulation of mixed AC/DC systems, switching strategies for enhanced efficiency, and protection and reliability for sustainable grid integration. This book is an invaluable resource for professionals active in the field of renewable energy and power conversion.Md. Rabiul Islam received his PhD from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. He was appointed as a Lecturer at Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET) in 2005 and promoted to full-term Professor in 2017. In early 2018, he joined the School of Electrical, Computer, and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia. He is a Senior Member of IEEE. His research interests include the fields of power electronic converters, renewable energy technologies, power quality, electrical machines, electric vehicles, and smart grids. He has authored or coauthored more than 200 publications including 50 IEEE Transactions/IEEE Journal papers. He has been serving as an editor for IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion and IEEE Power Engineering Letters, and associate editor for IEEE Access.Md. Rakibuzzaman Shah is a Senior Lecturer with the School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Science at Federation University Australia. He has worked and consulted with distribution network operators and transmission system operators on individual projects and has done collaborative work on a large number of projects (EPSRC project on multi-terminal HVDC, Scottish and Southern Energy multi-infeed HVDC) - primarily on the dynamic impact of integrating new technologies and power electronics into large systems. He is an active member of the IEEE and CIGRE. He has more than 70 international publications and has spoken at the leading power system conferences around the world. His research interests include future power grids (i.e., renewable energy integration, wide-area control), asynchronous grid connection through VSC-HVDC, application of data mining in power system, distribution system energy management, and low carbon energy systems.Mohd. Hasan Ali is currently an Associate Professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Memphis, USA, where he leads the Electric Power and Energy Systems (EPES) Laboratory. His research interests include advanced power systems, smart-grid and microgrid systems, renewable energy systems, and cybersecurity issues in modern power grids. Dr. Ali has more than 190 publications, including 2 books, 4 book chapters, 2 patents, 60 top ranked journal papers, 96 peer-reviewed international conference papers, and 20 national conference papers. He serves as the editor of the IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy and IET-Generation, Transmission and Distribution (GTD) journal. Dr. Ali is a Senior Member of the IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES). He is also the Chair of the PES of the IEEE Memphis Section.

This book extends the framework of the climate-energy-land nexus to elucidate political, economic, social, and institutional factors and causal mechanisms that stringent climate targets bring about, rather than mitigate a disproportional heavy burden on the forest sector in Indonesia.

This book describes the application of surface chemistry methods for carbon capture and recycling as related to climate change and CO2 concentration increase in the air. This online educational textbook addresses the importance of CO2 capture and sequestration for the future to use fossil fuels without contributing to atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Carbon membranes have great advantages of strong mechanical strength and high chemical stabilities, as well as high separation performance to reach the industrial attractive region. Further improvement on membrane performance can potentially offset the relatively high production cost compared to polymeric membranes. However, there are still some challenges related to fabrication of asymmetric carbon membranes, the controlling of structure and pore-size and module up-scaling for commercial application. The aim of this book is to provide the fundamentals on carbon membrane materials for the young researchers and engineers to develop frontier membrane materials for energy efficient separation process.This book describes the status and perspectives of both self-supported and supported carbon membranes from fundamentals to applications. The key steps on the development of high performance carbon membranes including precursor selection, tuning carbon membrane structure and regeneration are discussed. In the end, different potential applications both in gas and liquids separation are well described, and the future directions for carbon membrane development were pointed out. To this end, membrane science and engineering are set to play crucial roles as enabling technologies to provide energy efficient and cost-effective future solutions for energy and environment related processes. Based on this approach the research projects which are trying to find attractive carbon materials in our days are many. The published papers, per year, in the topic of carbon membranes, especially for biogas upgrading, natural gas sweetening and hydrogen purification, are numerous with very high impact. However, only few are the books which include relevant to the topic of carbon membrane technology. This book offers the condensed and interdisciplinary knowledge on carbon membranes, and provides the opportunity to the scientists who are working in the field of carbon membrane technology for gas and liquid separations to present, share, and discuss their contributions within the membrane community.

Biohydrometallurgical Processes: Metal Recovery and Remediation serves as a useful guide for microbiologists, biotechnologists and various industrialists dealing with mining, metallurgy, chemical engineering, and environmental sciences.

This book presents research on biomass pretreatments which are the fundamental part of bioethanol fuel production to make biomass more accessible. The book also covers the process of biomass sacharification to produce fermentable sugars for bioethanol fuel production.

This book provides the latest research on biomass hydrolysis, hydrolysate fermentation, and bioethanol fuel separation. The book also covers biomass biorefineries and their role to reduce production costs by producing additional products such as power, heat, animal feed, biodiesel, biogas, and biochemicals.

This second volume of the Handbook of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuels presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of feedstock-specific biodiesel fuels.The research on feedstocks for biodiesel fuels has first focused on the edible oils as first-generation biodiesel fuels. However, the public concerns about the competition with foods based on these feedstocks and adverse impact on the ecological diversity and deforestation have resulted in the exploration of nonedible-oil-based biodiesel fuels as second-generation biodiesel fuels in the first instance.Due to the ecological and cost benefits of treating wastes, waste oil-based biodiesel fuels as third-generation biodiesel fuels have emerged. Furthermore, following a series of influential review papers, the research has focused on the algal oil-based biodiesel fuels in recent years. Since the cost of feedstocks in general constitutes 85% of the total biodiesel production costs, the research focused more on improving biomass and lipid productivity in these research fields. Furthermore, since water, CO2, and nutrients (primarily N and P) have been major ingredients for the algal biomass and lipid production, the research has also intensified in the use of wastewaters and flue gases for algal biomass production to reduce the ecological burdens and the production costs.Part 1 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of edible oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers soybean oil-based biodiesel fuels, palm oil-based biodiesel fuels, and rapeseed oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 2 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of nonedible oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers Jatropha oil-based biodiesel fuels, polanga oil-based biodiesel fuels, and moringa oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 3 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of waste oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers wastewater sludge-based biodiesel fuels, waste cooking oil-based biodiesel fuels, and microbial oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 4 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of algal oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers algal biomass production in general, algal biomass production in wastewaters, algal lipid production, hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, algal lipid extraction, and algal biodiesel production besides an overview paper.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, and Thermodynamics.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited 'Bioenergy and Biofuels', that brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited 'Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine' with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

This first volume of the Handbook of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuels presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biodiesel fuels in general.Part I provides an overview of the research field on both biodiesel and petrodiesel fuels highlighting primary and secondary research fronts in these fields.Part II presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biooils covering major research fronts. The research on the biooils is a fundamental part of the research on the biodiesel fuels. The research in this field has intensified in recent years with the application of advanced catalytic technologies and nanotechnologies in both production and upgrading of biooils. It covers pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and upgrading, and characterization and properties of biooils besides an overview of the research field.Part III presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biodiesel fuels in general covering major research fronts. The research in this field has progressed in the lines of production, properties, and emissions of biodiesel fuels. As in the case of biooils, catalysts and additives play a crucial role for the biodiesel fuels. It covers biomass-based catalyst-assisted biodiesel production, enzymatic biodiesel production, additives in biodiesel production, properties, characterization, performance, and policies of biodiesel fuels besides an overview of the research field.Part IV presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of glycerol, biodiesel waste, covering major research fronts. The research in this field has intensified in recent years with the increasing volume of biodiesel fuels, creating eco-friendly solutions for these wastes of biodiesel fuels for producing valuable biofuels and biochemicals from glycerol. It covers biohydrogen and propanediol production from glycerol as a case study for bioenergy and biochemicals, respectively.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, and Thermodynamics.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited Bioenergy and Biofuels, which brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited the Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

This book deals with energy systems and soft-computing methods from a wide range of approaches and application perspectives. The authors examine how embedded system applications can deal with the smart monitoring and controlling of stand-alone and grid connected solar PV systems for increased efficiency.

This book enables readers to understand the theoretical aspects, key steps and scientific techniques with a detailed mechanism to produce biofuels from algae.Each chapter provides the latest developments and recent advancements starting from algal cultivation techniques to the production of value-added green fuels, chemicals and products with wide applications. The volume brings together a broad range of international and interdisciplinary experts, including chemical and biological engineers, biotechnologists, process engineers, environmentalists, pharmacists and nutritionists, to one platform to explore the beneficial aspects and challenges for an algal-based biorefinery. Chapters address cutting-edge issues surrounding algal cultivation, including genetic modification of algal strains, design and optimization of photobioreactors and open-pond systems, algal oil extraction techniques and algal-derived fuel products (biodiesel, bio-gasoline, jet fuels and bio-oil). Finally, the book considers the potential environmental impacts for establishing a sustainable algal biorefinery through lifecycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and supply chain management.This book will be an important resource for students, academics and professionals interested in algal cultivation, biofuels and agricultural engineering, and renewable energy and sustainable development more broadly.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is essentially the flow of water polluted with metals and other substances from existing/old mining areas and is considered to be one of the sources of pollution. A wide range of technologies are available for preventing AMD generation and/or treating AMD before discharge, but there is a shift towards recovery of industrially useful materials and products from AMD. Acid Mine Drainage: From Waste to Resources explores novel methods developed for the reuse and/or recovery of industrially useful materials from AMD including discussing generation, prediction, prevention, and remediation processes. It includes legislation and policy frameworks governing AMD and its environmental/health impacts.¿Provides a detailed overview of the mining operations and discusses the geochemical and hydrogeological context of acid mine drainage AMD formation, prediction and impactPresents a holistic approach to AMD generation, prediction, prevention, and remediation processesPresents exclusive material on reuse, recycling, and recovery of industrially useful materials from AMDGives a detailed overview of the legislation and policy regulatory framework governing the management of AMDAnalyses the effects of AMD on the environment and healthThis volume is aimed at researchers and professionals in metallurgical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and mining engineering, including policy makers.

Explore solar power's potential to transform your energy landscape. From understanding solar science to connecting systems efficiently, this guide empowers beginners and enthusiasts alike. Unravel photovoltaic panels, harness solar thermal benefits, and learn to store energy effectively. Embrace a greener future today.

The International Symposium on Electric Aviation and Autonomous Systems is a multi-disciplinary conference that presents research in the fields of aerospace, autonomous, and piloted unmanned systems. The 2022 conference provided a platform offering insights on a broad range of current issues in aviation, including hybrid, electric, all-electric, and fuel cell aerial vehicles, electric generation, energy storage, propulsion technology, and new identification and detection systems that adapt to the latest technology standards. ISEAS allows researchers, scientists, engineers, practitioners, policymakers, and students to exchange information, present new technologies and developments, and discuss future direction, strategies, and priorities in aviation and sustainability.

The International Symposium on Electric Aviation and Autonomous Systems (ISEAS) is a multi-disciplinary symposium that presents research on current issues in aerospace. The conference provides a platform offering insights on a broad range of current issues in the field of aviation, including electrification of aerial vehicles, all-electric aircraft, electric generation, and energy storage in aerial vehicles. ISEAS allows researchers, scientists, engineers, practitioners, policymakers, and students to exchange information, present new technologies and developments, and discuss future direction, strategies, and priorities in aviation and environmental sustainability of next-generation aircraft.

This book provides a detailed description of hydrogen production through water electrolysis. It starts with the theoretical description of the chemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic issues related to the electrolysis of water. The main available technologies and the ones under development are detailed from a technical and a scientific point of view. At the end of the book Dr. Cavaliere describes the main hydrogen applications and their contribution to the grand energy transition that is expected by the middle of the century. The book also examines the economic issues related to the transition toward the hydrogen society.

This book focuses on the technologies developed for the conversion of all three biomass components, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their constituents, to fuels and high-value products. Both biochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed. Additionally, the developed technologies are described in detail and their potential applications as well as their commercial status are discussed.  The early attempts to produce fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock focused solely on the biological conversion of cellulose because the only organism that had been used successfully for commercial production of ethanol, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could only ferment glucose, which was obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose. Hemicellulose and lignin were considered as wastes in these processes and were normally removed in pretreatment processes to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining cellulose.However, this approach was not economically feasible and as a result, the biorefinery concept was developed. In a biorefinery, in addition to ethanol, various higher-value products are produced from hemicellulose and lignin, which were previously not considered. Consequently, technologies were developed for the fractionation of biomass and conversion of hemicellulose and lignin to fuels and high-value products to improve the economic feasibility.Written and edited by a team of investigators with many years of experience in biomass processing research and development, this book is an informative resource for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies both in academia- and commercial laboratories.

Dive into the world of solar energy with this comprehensive guide designed to empower beginners. Discover how to create a solar power system tailored to your needs, whether it's for emergency backup or complete energy independence. Harness the sun's potential and unlock a brighter, sustainable future.

Are you yearning for a more sustainable way of life? Dive into the world of off-grid projects and learn how to power your home and access fresh food in off-grid locations. This comprehensive guide offers step-by-step instructions on harnessing renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, sustainable farming techniques, and even the secrets of natural medicine. Start your journey towards self-sufficiency today!

Ready to take control of your energy costs? Discover the ultimate guide to harnessing solar power and becoming energy-independent with my Off-Grid Solar Power Book. Say goodbye to high bills and hello to sustainable living!

The book deepens understanding of biomass sources and technologies used for cooking worldwide. It contributes directly to the creation of policies aimed at the mitigation of climate change.Historically, wood is considered humanity's first source of energy. Even after decades of use and industrialization processes, it is still considered the most important single source of renewable energy. About a third of the world's population is energetically dependent on wood for cooking and/or heating. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to purchase fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), forcing families in financial difficulties to opt for cheaper and more accessible sources of energy, such as wood and vegetable coal. This has been the picture of many families around the world and negatively impacts the environment and energy security. Considering that there are still many wood residues that are wasted and that tropical forests need to be conserved, knowledge aboutthe energy use of wood residues is also essential. This is even more relevant when considering the significant volume of biomass coming from the sustainable management of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon Forest.The book considers which wood variables should be taken into account when thinking about energy generation, how do food cooking technologies contribute to potentiating pollutants emissions, and how can these harmful effects be mitigated. It describes the chemical composition of biomass and the chemical compounds released during its burning, as well as their impacts on the environment and human health. It also presents the influence that technologies used in food cooking have on pollutant emissions and which alternatives can be used, such as the use of solar energy.