Alternative og fornybare energikilder og teknologier

This book explores the potential of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) in the field of hydrogen production. It describes this technology in detail, including fundamentals, state-of-the-art the technology, materials development, current limitations, recent trends and industrial applications. It clarifies SOECs role in decarbonizing the energy sector, drawing on contributions from experts in the field.

Green Gasoline covers a range of new technologies being used to produce green gasoline products and compares them to traditional fuels in terms of sustainability.

This book presents insights into the thermal performance of solar thermal collectors using both computational and experimental modeling. It consists of various computational and experimental case studies conducted by the authors on the solar thermal collector system. The authors begin by developing thermal modeling using a case study that shows the effect of different governing parameters. A few more experimental cases studies follow that highlight the energy, exergy, and environmental performance of the solar thermal collector system and to examine the performance of a modified solar collector system, illustrating performance improvement techniques.Finally, application of different evolutionary optimization techniques such as soft computing and evolutionary methods, like fuzzy techniques, MCDM methods like fuzzy logic based expert system (FLDS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Grey relational analysis (GRA), Entropy-Jaya algorithm, Entropy-VIKOR etc. are employed.

This book identifies and investigates the determinants that influence investment decision-making for conducting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh¿s power sector. This book is organized around six core themes. These are: Bangladesh¿s vision to become a middle-income country by 2021 and have universal power for all; an overview of the benefits and costs of FDI from a host nation¿s perspective; an outlook of Bangladesh¿s power sector starting from the years 1994-2008 through 2011-2015 to 2016-2020 and beyond; the key factors that encourage foreign investors to conduct FDI in the Bangladeshi power sector subsumed under four broad categories of investment prospects namely, regulatory, economic and financial, political and social; the key barriers that deter FDI in the Bangladeshi power sector; and policy implications for long-term investment sustainability in the power sector.The main arguments posited in this book are: regulatory aspects are the most important for firms when conducting FDI in the power sector; land acquisition is a perineal problem that continues to hamper the development of large-scale power projects; there is a need for a transparent and competitive selection process to improve transparency and accountability in private power procurement; and more exploration of onshore and offshore gas fields with the extension of gas transmission networks be enhanced that ensure a regional balance of primary energy supply (gas) for setting up additional gas-based power plants in the country.

The 2022 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration on ideas and dialogue around climate change solutions through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

The valuable characteristics of animal waste materials in terms of climatic change impact and bioenergy production are discussed in this book. Reutilization of such wastes for bioenergy harvest is the prime focus; the great need for future animal waste recycling is also depicted.Major topics discussed are types of livestock waste ¿ poultry and dairy, methods and management of waste utilization and storage, application of animal waste in bioenergy production, economics of waste utilization, novel disposable techniques, circular bioeconomy, pollution, and water quality. Furthermore, utilization of animal waste for resource conservation and environmental protection is discussed, such as potential materials for green biochemicals. Resource recovery can, therefore, forestall the shortage of natural resources and, at the same time, can greatly reduce waste-disposal problems and energy crises. Many alternatives to waste disposal, either currently available or under study, focus on the recovery of material or energy. In a world of diminishing resources and increasing needs, each opportunity for the recycling of animal waste materials has been examined.This book significantly contributes toward climate change mitigation through better environmental solutions. A better understanding of animal waste recycling to mitigate climate changes has been portrayed in order to generate discussions among researchers and administrators. Environmental implications of animal waste are of prime importance in climate change scenario. Such wastes also harbor zoonotic pathogens that are transported in the environment.Finally, it has been tried out to collect ideas and experience in multiple aspects of animal waste management for climate change mitigation and bioenergy harvest.

This book presents an innovative and environmentally friendly type of excavated earth-based building material, called Shot-Earth. The use of a common excavated earth as a construction material (both for structural and non-structural applications) has many important advantages, the main one being that the soil can be used as a zero kilo and zero cost material, being used in the same place where it is excavated. This volume collects the main results obtained by the research units in the FIRS2019-00245 research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) and dedicated to the study of Shot-Earth materials. Many of the exposed contributions concern the optimization of the mixture and application technique, which consists in the application of the mixture sprayed on a support (that serves as formwork), with or without reinforcements, by using a pressure pipe (that is by a high-speed projection). This new construction technique allows to quickly realise a variety of structural systems, even with a complex geometry (like vaults, arches, shells, tunnel coatings, underground tanks, waterproofing of walls for landfills and waste storages, slope stabilization, etc.). An additional feature of Shot-Earth is that it can be used to realise high energy-efficient buildings. In particular, this innovative technology can improve the capacity of a building to auto-regulate its interior heat and humidity, increasing indoor environment quality and energy performance and reducing building gas emissions.

This book addresses challenges and opportunities in the Energy-Water-Environment (EWE) nexus, with a particular focus on research and technology development requirements in harsh desert climates. Its chapters include selected contributions presented during the 1st international conference on sustainable Energy-Water-Environment nexus in desert climates (ICSEWEN-19) held at the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) in Doha, Qatar in December 2019. This volume is comprised of three main chapters, each describing important case studies and progress on water, energy and environmental questions. A fourth chapter on policies and community outreach on these three areas is also included. This compilation aims to bridge the gap between research and industry to address the socioeconomic impacts of the nexus imbalance as perceived by scientists, industrial partners, and policymakers. The content of this book is of particular importance to graduate students, researchers and decision makers interested in understanding water, energy and environmental challenges in arid areas. Re searchers in environmental and civil engineering, chemistry, hydrology and environmental science can also find unique in-situ observations of the current nexus imbalance in deserts climate to validate their investigations. It is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in water, energy, environment and food sectors to understand the rapidly evolving landscape of the EWE nexus in arid areas. The analyses, observations and lessons-learned summarized herein are applicable to other arid areas outside North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as well, such as central Australia, the southwest of the United States and deserts in central Asia.

This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the First International Conference on Advanced Renewable Energy Systems (ICARES¿22) held in Tipaza, Algeria. It includes recent advances and issues related to the field of renewable energy systems. It focuses on the advances in renewable energy systems, its applications, and new concepts. It brings together researchers, engineers, manufacturers, and students from all over the world to share and discuss recent advancements and developments in renewable energy research and applications.

This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

This book provides an overview of how efficient building energy management can be done, considering the increasing importance of renewable energy integration. It also includes the grid-interactive building, their control, energy management, and optimization techniques to promote better understanding among researchers and business professionals in the utility sector and across industries. This book is written and edited by leading specialists active in concurrent developments in smart building management, renewable energy research, and application-driven R&D. The experiences and research work shared help the readers in enhancing their knowledge in the field of renewable energy, power engineering, building energy management, demand, and supply management and learn the technical analysis of the same in an insightful manner. Additionally, established and emerging applications related to applied areas like smart cities, the Internet of things, machine learning, artificial intelligence, etc., are developed and utilized to demonstrate recent innovations in smart building energy management.

Das Buch "Photovoltaik meistern: Der Ratgeber für Photovoltaik-Interessierte" ist ein umfassender Leitfaden für alle, die sich für Photovoltaik-Technologie interessieren. Es bietet einen Überblick über die Grundlagen der Photovoltaik, wie Solartechnologie funktioniert, die verschiedenen Typen von Solarmodulen und Solarzellen, und die wichtigsten Komponenten von Photovoltaikanlagen. Das Buch behandelt auch die Planung, Installation, Wartung und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Photovoltaikanlagen sowie zukünftige Entwicklungen und Trends in der Photovoltaikbranche.

This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of technology for perovskite materials. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in opto-electronics, Xray detection and emerging transistor structures. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The authors build connections between the materials¿ physical properties to the main applications such as photovoltaics, LED, FETs and X-ray sensors. They also discuss the similarities and main differences when using perovskites for those devices.

The future of the distributed energy generation market is promising, with opportunities in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors driven by increasing awareness of clean energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, and rising global demand for energy. This book focuses on UN Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." It provides research results, applications, and case studies on the potential of distributed energy resources as a solution to building a low-carbon society. Coverage includes modeling and evaluation of distributed power systems, system maintenance and reliability, economic potential and implications of hydrogen energy systems, grid stabilization and carbon emission reduction, smart design, and the impact of energy penetration on public power grids. Case studies include the effects of renewable energy policies on solar photovoltaic energy in China, Germany, Japan, and the United States of America and a feasibility assessment of distributed energy systems in Shanghai. Distributed Energy Resources: Solutions for a Low Carbon Society will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in energy systems, urban energy management, and renewable energy technologies and a reference guide for practicing engineers, urban energy planners, and energy system managers.

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of laser-plasma interactions (LPI), based on a graduate course taught by the author. The emphasis is on high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF), with a comprehensive description of the propagation, absorption, nonlinear effects and parametric instabilities of high energy lasers in plasmas.The recent demonstration of a burning plasma on the verge of nuclear fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California, has marked the beginning of a new era of ICF and fusion research. These new developments make LPI more relevant than ever, and the resulting influx of new scientists necessitates new pedagogical material on the subject. In contrast to the classical textbooks on LPI, this book provides a complete description of all wave-coupling instabilities in unmagnetized plasmas in the kinetic as well as fluid pictures, and includes a comprehensive description of the optical smoothing techniques used on high-power lasers and their impact on laser-plasma instabilities. It summarizes all the key developments from the 1970s to the present day in view of the current state of LPI and ICF research; it provides a derivation of the key LPI metrics and formulas from first principles, and connects the theory to experimental observables.With exercises and plenty of illustrations, this book is ideal as a textbook for a course on laser-plasma interactions or as a supplementary text for graduate introductory plasma physics course. Students and researchers will also find it to be an invaluable reference and self-study resource.

An authoritative overview of the technology for tidal energy generation as reliable clean power source, this book presents the principles, conversion drivetrain design options, control, resilience and fault-tolerant control, monitoring as well as the specific issue of biofouling.

A concise work on photovoltaics research, development and operation in desert regions to tap their enormous solar potential. Chapters cover energy yield under desert conditions, cells and bifacial modules, soiling, a case study from Australia, conclusions and future outlooks.

This book comprises the proceedings of the International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Power Engineering (SUSE) 2021. The contents of this volume focus on recent technological advances in the field of energy efficiency and green buildings, new construction materials and related technology, hydrogen and renewable energy, environmental aspects of the modern power industry, etc. The contents cover latest advances especially in digital transformation of society and economy of the energy sector, turbomachines and combined plants, intelligent energy systems. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

AI-Powered IoT in the Energy Industry: Digital Technology and Sustainable Energy Systems looks at opportunities to employ cutting-edge applications of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning (ML) in designing and modeling energy and renewable energy systems. The book's main objectives are to demonstrate how big data can help with energy efficiency and demand reduction, increase the usage of renewable energy sources, and assist in transitioning from a centralized system to a distributed, efficient, and embedded energy system. Contributions cover the fundamentals of the renewable energy sector, including solar, wind, biomass, and hydrogen, as well as building services and power generation systems. Chapters also examine renewable energy property prediction methods and discuss AI and IoT prediction models for biomass thermal properties.¿Covers renewable energy sector fundamentals;Explains the application of big data in distributed energy domains;Discusses AI and IoT prediction methods and models.

The "energy transition" is accompanied by the slogan "Wind and sun don't send a bill".Fine - the coal seam and the oil well don't send a bill either. The bill is sent by the various devices used to convert the energy, which is initially either extracted as chemically bound energy carriers or converted from flow or radiation energy to, for example, electrical energy. Since energy is not "renewed" but can only ever be converted from one form to another, this is precisely what the costs - and losses - are for.So how high are these costs for the production of the PV and wind power plants? How can we make a usable constant power supply out of their extremely unsteady electricity? What are the costs of the necessary storage facilities, what resources have to be dug up all over the world for this purpose, what are the costs and are the world reserves of the required rare and expensive elements sufficient at all for this purpose?How much does it cost to extract, process and transport them, and what pollutants are emitted in the process? What damage will occur at the installation site for people, animals and plants? Will the weather and local climate be affected? Is it worthwhile to import the "green electricity"?So what is the bottom line of the CO2 and actual pollutant balance of energy production by "renewables", what price per kWh has to be calculated - undistorted by subsidies and certificates?How many wind turbines and how many km² of PV modules, how many additional batteries or electrolysis plants have to be installed in the country in the end, in order to convert e.g. the complete electric power supply?The answer to these questions is sobering to shocking and will hopefully inspire some to rethink - at least those who mean well with this planet.

'A thought-provoking book which empowers its readers to think about the problems in systematic, transformative ways' Fadhel Kaboub, President of the Global Institute for Sustainable Prosperity'A much-needed decolonial examination of the climate crisis' Nnimmo Bassey, author of To Cook a Continent'Groundbreaking ... offers a timely, acute analysis of what a just transition might mean for the region' Laleh Khalili, author of Sinews of War and TradeThe Arab region is a focus of world politics, with authoritarian regimes, significant fossil fuel reserves and histories of colonialism and imperialism. It is also the site of potentially immense green energy resources. The writers in this collection explore a region ripe for energy transition, but held back by resource-grabbing and (neo)colonial agendas. They show the importance of fighting for a just energy transition and climate justice - exposing policies and practices that protect global and local political elites, multinational corporations and military regimes.Covering a wide range of countries from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia to Egypt, Sudan, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Palestine, this book challenges Eurocentrism and highlights instead a class-conscious approach to climate justice that is necessary for our survival.Hamza Hamouchene is a London-based Algerian researcher and activist. He is the North Africa Programme Coordinator at the Transnational Institute (TNI). His books include The Arab Uprisings and The Struggle for Energy Democracy in the Maghreb. He writes for various publications including the Guardian, HuffPost and openDemocracy. Katie Sandwell is a Programme Coordinator with the Transnational Institute. She is co-author of From Crisis to Transformation: What is Just Transition?

The Renewable Energy-Water-Environment Nexus: Fundamentals, Technology, and Policy explores the connections between renewable energy, water, and the environment, along with their integration in the context of awareness, technologies, challenges, opportunities, and solutions. The book introduces different renewable energy technologies, including the importance of their development, use for a sustainable future, and their interrelationships. In-depth chapters then examine specific sub-relationships, focusing on renewable energy and water, renewable energy and the environment, and water and the environment. Available methods and tools for analyzing the renewable energy-water-environment nexus, including life cycle assessment of renewable energy systems are also covered. The last section of the book highlights key technologies and opportunities in the nexus, considering areas such as innovative cooling systems for thermoelectric plants to reduce or eliminate the use of water for cooling, reduction of water use in biofuels production, sea waves for desalination, grid management, energy storage systems, and hydrogen technologies, examining the integration of renewable energy, water, and environment-related policies, and discussing the application of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology techniques.

A Biorefinery Approach to Algal Biomass Conversation for Biofuels and Bioproducts presents a detailed overview of the processes and products of algal biomass within the concept of the circular economy. With a particular emphasis on biofuels, the book addresses the fundamentals and underlying concepts of biomass conversation processes, the equipment, and their advanced application for algal feedstocks. This includes the principles of biomass conversion processes, a complete profile of the generated biofuels, feed, food, and chemicals, the concept of integrated biorefinery based on micro and microalgae, and sustainability evaluations through technoeconomic analysis and life cycle analysis. Readers are supported by step-by-step guidance on methods and protocols, and decision-making diagrams and flowcharts, and examples of commercial successes. Offering a clear and comprehensive overview of algal biomass conversation to biofuels and related products, this book is an ideal reference for researches and faculty members looking to develop a deeper understanding of algal biofuels and related conversation processes or seeking a consistent and structured approach to the topic.

The aim of this book is to open a vision to sustainability and development through a holistic perspective comprising the critical blocks of energy, environment and economy. From renewable energy, urban infrastructure, societal health to industrial symbiosis, the book assesses critical issues to reach a green future with realistic solutions proposed by a diverse range of multidisciplinary experts. It is intended for a broad readership of academics, researchers and industry experts focusing on these fields, and with specializations in sustainability. The book is divided into different clusters starting with an introductory foreword to express the theme of the book and the route of the titles. The first cluster of the book highlights various multidisciplinary perspectives considering the interaction between different expertise. From engineering to economy supported with social pillars, this section gives the critical points of selected topics to focus on the future with a sustainability vision. The second cluster focuses on health issues, with discussion about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the way forward. Critical points like vaccines, health care and food security are highlighted. The third cluster is comprised of titles related to the urban environment and infrastructure. New solutions and discussions on biodesign, waste management and transportation are covered in this section. The last cluster covers energy, and highlights renewable energies such as bioethanol, biogas and wind.

This book provides insights into practical aspects of electric circuits. The author provides real-world examples throughout this book. The devices chosen for this book can be found in nearly all laboratories. No expensive measurement devices are used throughout the book. Someone who reads this book has a better understanding of practical aspects of electric circuits. Chapter 1 introduces tools that will be used in the next chapters. Chapter 2 studies the resistors and contains 9 experiments. Chapter 3 studies the digital multimeters and contains 7 experiments. Chapter 4 studies Kirchhoff's voltage/current law, nodal/mesh analysis and Thevenin equivalent circuits. This chapter contains 5 experiments. Chapter 5 studies the first and second order circuits (RC, RL and RLC) and contains 4 experiments. Chapter 6 studies the DC and AC steady state behavior of electric circuits and frequency response of filters and has 5 experiments. Chapter 7 studies magnetic coupling and transformers and contains 3 experiments. Appendix A shows how different types of graphs can be drawn with MATLAB. Appendix B reviews the concept of root mean square.