Konstruktionsteknik

This book presents select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Resources for Environmentally Sustainable Technologies (CREST 2023), and focuses on sustainability, promotion of new ideas and innovations in design, construction and maintenance of geotechnical structures with the aim of contributing towards climate change adaptation and disaster resiliency to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents latest research, information, technological advancement, practical challenges encountered, and solutions adopted in the field of geotechnical engineering for sustainable infrastructure towards climate change adaptation. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. The book covers topics related to soil behavior and characterization of geomaterials, geotechnical, geological, and geophysical investigation of special topics such as behavior of unsaturated soils, offshore and marine geotechnics, remote sensing and GIS, instrumentation and monitoring, retrofitting of geotechnical structures, reliability in geotechnical engineering, geotechnical education, codes and standards, among others. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry.

This book systematically introduces the advancement of transparent soil modelling technique and its application. The transparent soil modelling technique provides an essential tool for visualizing soil-structure interaction and other geotechnical problems such as grouting, soil plugging. The geotechnical properties of the newest transparent soils were reported on model sand, clay and rock. In addition, more advanced image processing methods were summarized. In this book, numerous applications of transparent soil modelling techniques for different geotechnical problems were presented, and the results obtained are supplemented by numerical calculation and theoretical analysis.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. This book covers topics related to shallow foundations, pile & piled raft foundation, geotechnical design of foundation, wind turbine foundation, foundations on problematic soils, forensic geotechnical engineering, and case studies on geotechnical failures. This book is of interest to those in academia and industry.   

Construction Materials and Their Properties for Fire Resistance and Insulation covers the properties of novel types of concrete and other more conventional building materials in fire scenarios. The volume also stands out as an invaluable reference resource for its relevance to varied audiences both in academia and industry, spanning materials science, civil and structural engineering, and fire safety engineering. Ensuring buildings are fire safe starts at the very beginning of planning new builds or renovations. Hence, it's essential, in fact, that the right materials are chosen not only according to their load-bearing capabilities but also their susceptibility to decay and fire resistance.

Advanced Structural Textile Composites Forming: Characterization, Modeling, and Simulation comprehensively describes the influence of fiber/fabric architectures and properties on composites forming, along with their deformability and structural optimization, covering the latest advances in the composites forming field. Part one reviews textile reinforcement architectures and discusses the forming behaviors of important 2D and 3D fabrics. Part two discusses numerical models to conduct simulation analysis of different structural composites forming at mesoscopic and macroscopic scales, in particular, 3D preforms with through-the-thickness yarns. Part three looks at the latest developments in the relationship between forming and other steps in composite manufacturing, such as resin injection, and automated fiber placement (AFP) and the effects on certain mechanical properties, such as structural damage and impact resistance. The book will be an essential reference for academic researchers, industrial engineers and materials scientists working with the manufacture and design of fiber-reinforced composite materials.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. This book covers topics related application of natural and artificial geosynthetics in shallow foundation bearing capacity enhancement, highway & railway pavements, high speed rail and geo-environmental applications. Topics also covered related to simulation of geosynthetic encased stone column, application of geosynthetic for ground improvement, pore size distribution of compacted expansive soils, MICP, landfills, among others. This book is of interest to those in academia and industry. 

This book presents select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Conference (IGGEC-21). Various topics covered in this book include geotechnical engineering, earthquake geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, ground improvement, transportation geotechnics, waste management and sustainable engineering. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in the discipline of civil, materials, geoenvironmental engineering, landfills, hydrogeology, ground improvement and earthquake geotechnical engineering.

The ground motions observed at the surface due to artificial source (exploration seismology) or natural source (earthquake seismology) are affected by source characteristics, medium properties and site conditions. The medium properties are related to the attenuation of seismic waves propagating between source and receiver. The attenuation properties of a medium affect the amplitudes of ground motions at various distances from the source. Subsurface factors attributing to the seismic wave attenuation are geometrical spreading, absorption, inter-bed multiples generated by thin layering, diffractions and the focusing or defocusing effects of the reflector curvature or velocity. Among these subsurface factors, absorption reveals geological information, which includes attenuation of both intrinsic and scattering effects. Seismic wave attenuation plays a pivotal role in exploration seismology as well as in earthquake seismology. In exploration, it helps in improving the seismic resolution for reliable interpretation of hydrocarbon prospects and can be used as an attribute for delineation of the reservoirs. In earthquake seismology, it correlates with regional heterogeneities such as major folds, faults or near-surface complexities and helps in categorizing the scale of tectonic activity in the region. Seismic waves undergo attenuation and dispersion attributing to the frictional losses or the scattering while passing through the dissipative earth. The frictional losses are often termed as intrinsic attenuation, which occurs due to the relative movement of grains or fluids in the rock matrix. The intrinsic properties of the medium such as grain type, architecture, porosity, fluid type, viscosity, permeability, saturation and pressure are usually accountable for these losses in sedimentary rocks. Scattering attenuation is because of random heterogeneities in the near surface or weathered basalts and by the layering effects such as stratigraphic filtering. Both intrinsic and scattering losses eventually lead to phase distortion, degradation of seismic resolution and poor imaging below absorptive zones.

This volume presents the selected papers from the International virtual conference on Developments and Applications of Geomatics. It covers a wide range of topics of GIS applications such as agricultural studies, climate change monitoring and impacts, floods monitoring, natural disasters, environmental impact assessment, ecosystem management and sustainable development, industrial pollution, structural health monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicles, transportation planning, geological mapping, 3D modelling and web GIS applications. This book will be useful for researchers and professionals from various fields whose work includes geographic information system.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. The book covers topics related to ground improvement techniques, like stone columns, PVD, granular pile anchors, soil stabilization methods, like fly ash & chemicals, effect of biopolymer inclusion, innovative material for soil and ground improvement, among others. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry.

Failure Analysis - Structural Health Monitoring of Structure and Infrastructure Components is a collection of chapters written by academicians, researchers, and practicing engineers from all over the world. The chapters focus on some developments as well as problems in structural health monitoring (SHM) in civil engineering structures and infrastructures. The book covers a variety of multidisciplinary topics, including SHM, risk analysis, seismic analysis, and various modeling and simulation methodologies. This book is an excellent resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics, and researchers across a wide variety of engineering disciplines, as well as for practicing engineers and other professionals in the engineering industry.

Most of the embodied energy can be saved in the load-bearing structure! Conceptual Design of Structures is working at the interface between structural engineering, architecture, and art. The book seeks to answer the complex question of what needs to be considered when conceiving a building structure. What influences the process of conceptual thinking? How do space and structure interact? In what ways do architects and engineers work together? The book thus sheds light on the topic of multidisciplinary interrelationships in design, showing numerous different perspectives. Renowned practitioners and researchers from architecture and engineering share their insights, as do artists and historians who cross the disciplinary boundaries. Furthermore, this book also provides an outlook on possible future developments and aspects of sustainable design and construction. Bridging practice, academic, and research Holistic perspectives through contributors from different disciplines Numerous essays, interviews and project reviews provide direct insights Selected works from engineering, architecture, and art

Increase your expertise in land surveying quickly and efficiently with this comprehensive manual, which features clear, detailed explanations of all the major concepts. With its accompanying tables and diagrams, this book is an essential reference for any professional or amateur surveyor alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This indispensable reference work provides architects and engineers with the information they need to design reinforced concrete structures. The authors provide detailed tables and charts covering a range of topics including allowable stresses, slabs, beams, and columns.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book presents select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Conference (IGGEC-21). Various topics covered in this book include geotechnical engineering, earthquake geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, ground improvement, transportation geotechnics, waste management and sustainable engineering. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in the discipline of civil, materials, geoenvironmental engineering, landfills, hydrogeology, ground improvement and earthquake geotechnical engineering.

The book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Sustainable Environment (RAiSE 2022). It discusses recent challenges and advances in various areas of sustainable environment. The topics covered include  environmental dynamics, atmospheric physics, physical oceanography, global environmental change & ecosystems management, climate & climatic changes, global warming, ozone layer depletion, carbon capture & storage, integrated ecosystems management, satellite applications in the environment, environmental restoration & ecological engineering, habitat reconstruction, biodiversity conservation, deforestation, landscape degradation & restoration, ground water remediation, soil decontamination, environmental sustainability, renewable sources of energy, clean technologies, toxicity assessment & epidemiological studies, indoor air pollution, etc. This book will be useful for the researches, academicians, scientists, and professionals working in the various areas of environment sustainability, especially sustainable civil engineering.

Das gut eingefuhrte Werk Ebene Flachentragwerke erscheint nun in der 2. Auflage. Ausgehend von einer Klassifikation der Modelle ebener Flachentragwerke und den Grundgleichungen der linearen Elastizitatstheorie werden zunachst systematisch die Gleichungen fur isotrope Scheiben und Platten abgeleitet. Dabei wird ein didaktisch einheitliches Konzept eingesetzt. Die Gleichungen werden in kartesischen Koordinaten, Polarkoordinaten und schiefwinkligen Koordinaten formuliert. In Erganzung der ersten Auflage wird auch eine Plattentheorie in koordinatenfreier Schreibweise behandelt, so dass der Leser einen leichteren Zugang zu modernen Konzepten der Formulierung von Flachentragwerkstheorien erhalt. Die Diskussion der Plattenmodelle nach Kirchhoff, Mindlin und von Karman zeigt die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Strukturmodelle.Fur schubstarre und schubelastische Platten mit kleinen Durchbiegungen wird auch anisotropes Materialverhalten einbezogen, und es werden die Strukturgleichungen der klassischen Laminattheorie und der Schubdeformationstheorie erster Ordnung angegeben. Es folgt ein kurzer Einblick in Theorien zur Analyse dreischichtiger Platten. Die Berucksichtigung vorgegebener Temperaturfelder erfolgt fur alle Plattenmodelle im Rahmen der entkoppelten Thermoelastizitat.Der Leser erhalt einen umfassenden Uberblick uber die Anwendung bedeutsamer Strukturmodelle ebener Flachentragwerke. Die nach Aufgabenklassen geordneten zahlreichen Beispiele konnen als Referenzlosungen zur Testung numerischer Verfahren genutzt werden. Die Aufnahme der sogenannten Reduktionsverfahren von Wlassow und Kantorowitsch soll ihre Leistungsfahigkeit fur die Ableitung einfacher und analytischer Naherungslosungen durch die Reduktion der Strukturgleichungen auf eindimensionale Formulierungen verdeutlichen.

Interaction of Disturbances in Shear Flows aims to provide a comprehensive, in-depth overview of the current state of knowledge on the subject. Authored by a recognized expert with decades of experience and many software patents to his credit, the volume covers advances in computational fluid dynamics to showcase innovative ways to apply physical measurements and visualization patterns to solve various aero- and hydrodynamic problems. It also delves into analytical methodologies to compare and contrast with the theoretical models most commonly used in the field. Additionally, it demonstrates the significance of comprehending and managing disturbances in shear flows, discussing practical applications of the research to optimize the design of aircraft, automotive vehicles, and marine vessels, with a strong emphasis on enhancing aero- and hydrodynamic efficiency, fuel economy, and the reduction of harmful emissions. Academia and industry readers alike will find this a useful resource to equip themselves with the tools needed to understand and address practical engineering challenges encountered in their studies or work.

The book "Synergistic Biochar Boosts Soil and Plants" by Vineet Yadav is an informative and comprehensive guide on the benefits of using biochar in agriculture for boosting soil and plant health. Biochar is a form of charcoal that is produced from the pyrolysis of organic waste material, such as distilled waste, and is used as a soil amendment. The book explains how the synergistic effect of using biochar in combination with other organic materials can significantly improve soil fertility, MAPs productivity, and crop yields. The book discusses the numerous benefits of using biochar in agriculture, including its ability to increase carbon storage in soil, sequester carbon, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar also helps to improve soil quality by increasing nutrient retention, water holding capacity, and organic matter, as well as promoting microbial activity and enhancing plant growth. Moreover, the book highlights how using biochar in agriculture can contribute to sustainable development and environmental benefits. The book provides a comprehensive understanding of soil management, nutrient cycling, and soil remediation. It explains the biochemical properties of soil organic carbon and soil microorganisms, as well as the role of soil biology in sustainable agriculture. Additionally, the book covers the biochar production process, waste management, and soil respiration, acidity, and texture. Overall, "Synergistic Biochar Boosts Soil and Plants" is an excellent resource for anyone interested in learning about the benefits of using biochar in agriculture. It provides a comprehensive understanding of how biochar can be used as a sustainable agricultural practice, promoting soil health and crop productivity while contributing to climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability.

This professional book is an important resource on the topics of geotechnical and foundation engineering for practicing engineers and consultants. It fills the gap between classroom education and real-world professional practice in green and brown field projects. It provides hands-on knowledge on various topics such as engineering geology, geotechnical investigation, site preparation, ground improvement, foundation on soft and filled-up soil, pile foundation, seepage control, erosion control and retaining wall, marine projects, simplified liquefaction potential assessment, tailing storage management at mines, failure during construction, site hazard and remedy and geotechnical and foundation engineering practice. This book will be highly useful for professionals and practicing engineers in the area of geotechnical and foundations engineering. It will also be a useful reference for graduate and postgraduate students and the faculty in the same field.

This book aims to present in depth several Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories (HSDTs) by means of a unified approach for studying the Hygro-Thermo-Magneto-Electro- Elastic Theory of Anisotropic Doubly-Curved Shells. In particular, a general coupled multifield theory regarding anisotropic shell structures is provided. The three-dimensional multifield problem is reduced in a two-dimensional one following the principles of the Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) approach and the Equivalent Layer-Wise (ELW) approach, setting a proper configuration model. According to the adopted configuration assumptions, several Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories (HSDTs) are obtained. Furthermore, the strong and weak formulations of the corresponding governing equations are discussed and illustrated. The approach presented in this volume is completely general and represents a valid tool to investigate the physical behavior of many arbitrarily shaped structures. An isogeometric mapping procedure is also illustrated to this aim. Special attention is given also to advanced and innovative constituents, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Variable Angle Tow (VAT) composites and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). In addition, several numerical applications are used to support the theoretical models. Accurate, efficient and reliable numerical techniques able to approximate both derivatives and integrals are considered, which are respectively the Differential Quadrature (DQ) and Integral Quadrature (IQ) methods. The Theory of Composite Thin Shells is derived in a simple and intuitive manner from the theory of thick and moderately thick shells (First-order Shear Deformation Theory or Reissner- Mindlin Theory). In particular, the Kirchhoff-Love Theory and the Membrane Theory for composite shells are shown. Furthermore, the Theory of Composite Arches and Beams is also exposed. In particular, the equations of the Timoshenko Theory and the Euler-Bernoulli Theory are directly deducted from the equations of singly-curved shells of translation and of plates.

The main aim of this book is to analyze the mathematical fundamentals and the main features of the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) and Generalized Integral Quadrature (GIQ) techniques. Furthermore, another interesting aim of the present book is to shown that from the two numerical techniques mentioned above it is possible to derive two different approaches such as the Strong and Weak Finite Element Methods (SFEM and WFEM), that will be used to solve various structural problems and arbitrarily shaped structures. A general approach to the Differential Quadrature is proposed. The weighting coefficients for different basis functions and grid distributions are determined. Furthermore, the expressions of the principal approximating polynomials and grid distributions, available in the literature, are shown. Besides the classic orthogonal polynomials, a new class of basis functions, which depend on the radial distance between the discretization points, is presented. They are known as Radial Basis Functions (or RBFs). The general expressions for the derivative evaluation can be utilized in the local form to reduce the computational cost. From this concept the Local Generalized Differential Quadrature (LGDQ) method is derived. The Generalized Integral Quadrature (GIQ) technique can be used employing several basis functions, without any restriction on the point distributions for the given definition domain. To better underline these concepts some classical numerical integration schemes are reported, such as the trapezoidal rule or the Simpson method. An alternative approach based on Taylor series is also illustrated to approximate integrals. This technique is named as Generalized Taylor-based Integral Quadrature (GTIQ) method. The major structural theories for the analysis of the mechanical behavior of various structures are presented in depth in the book. In particular, the strong and weak formulations of the corresponding governing equations are discussed and illustrated. Generally speaking, two formulations of the same system of governing equations can be developed, which are respectively the strong and weak (or variational) formulations. Once the governing equations that rule a generic structural problem are obtained, together with the corresponding boundary conditions, a differential system is written. In particular, the Strong Formulation (SF) of the governing equations is obtained. The differentiability requirement, instead, is reduced through a weighted integral statement if the corresponding Weak Formulation (WF) of the governing equations is developed. Thus, an equivalent integral formulation is derived, starting directly from the previous one. In particular, the formulation in hand is obtained by introducing a Lagrangian approximation of the degrees of freedom of the problem. The need of studying arbitrarily shaped domains or characterized by mechanical and geometrical discontinuities leads to the development of new numerical approaches that divide the structure in finite elements. Then, the strong form or the weak form of the fundamental equations are solved inside each element. The fundamental aspects of this technique, which the author defined respectively Strong Formulation Finite Element Method (SFEM) and Weak Formulation Finite Element Method (WFEM), are presented in the book.

The objective of this book is to help readers better understand the links between fossil fuel, greenhouse gas, and climate change in a clear, explanatory format. It avoids sensationalism and politics, using plain language to explain the details of the science, how the science works, and how we know what we know. It describes the history of fossil fuels, why fossil fuel combustion products are a problem, and what must be done to address the impacts on climate. It provides details about a number of energy engineering solutions to replace fossil fuels and technology called geoengineering that can cool the planet and directly remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Some of these technologies can be implemented almost immediately, and others may be applied in the future. Many young people are pessimistic about the future and prepared to give up on addressing climate change. The book strives to maintain hope throughout that humanity can solve this and other environmental problems. The climate crisis was caused by human engineering, and human engineering can fix it. The goal is to produce informed readers that can have responsible discussions with their political leaders about implementing solutions to climate change.