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Water resources are natural sources of water that are beneficial for human beings. Water is used for various purposes such as irrigation and drinking. Frozen water, surface water, groundwater and under river flow are examples of natural sources of fresh water. Climate change, water scarcity, water conflict, and water pollution, all pose a threat to the available water resources. Daily water security of the society can be affected by various climate change factors, such as melting of glaciers, severe droughts, heavy precipitation, and the magnitude and frequency of floods. The availability of subsurface and surficial water is also affected by factors such as climate change, and regional and global water cycles. This book contains some path-breaking studies on the impact of climate change on water resources. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

A river catchment is an area of land where the rainwater collects. Catchment management requires managing all the components of the hydrological cycle that operate within a catchment. Reservoirs are artificial or natural lakes that are used as a source of water supply. River catchments and reservoirs play a critical role in ensuring water security, community wellbeing, and socio-economic prosperity. In many parts of the world, the reservoirs are under increasing pressure to meet the challenges from population growth, economic activities, and changing climates. Water resource management refers to the activity of developing, planning, distributing and managing all such water resources efficiently. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in catchment and water resources management. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Water resources refer to the wide range of natural water that exist on the Earth, irrespective of their form. The waterof the lakes, oceans and rivers are the most accessible sources of usable water. Deep subsurface waters, permanent snowfields, groundwater and glaciers are other sources of accessible water. Changing weather patterns can result in climate change, whicin turn can can lead to water scarcity, extreme weather event, contaminated water supplies, and uncertain water avialability. Such effects of climate change have an imapact on the water resources in terms of variability, form, quantity, intensity and timing of precipation. Furthermore, wate rquality is also affected by climate change in both coastal and inland regions. This book unravelsthe recent studies with respect to climate change imapcts on water resources. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on this subject.

Soil contamination, also called soil pollution and land pollution, is a part of land degradation caused by the spillage, burying or migration of hazardous contaminants from local waste, untreated industrial effluents, agrochemicals, manufacturing wastes and other human-made activities or substances into the soil ecosystem. Industrial activity, agricultural chemicals and improper waste disposal are the leading causes of soil contamination. Sediments refer to silt, loose sand, clay and other soil particles that are present at the bottom of a water body. Sediments are produced by decomposition of animals and plants, as well as soil erosion. When sediments are mixed with water, it leads to water contamination. The risk of flooding increases when sediments clog catch basins and storm drains, which are used to divert water away from residential areas and roads. Soil and water contamination, both have a negative impact on the health of plants, animals and humans. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of soil and water contamination. Students, researchers and experts associated with this field will benefit alike from it.

Water and environmental engineering is an area of engineering that aims to address environmental issues related to air, water and soil. It deals with the development and management of water resources; designing hydraulic structures such as dams and tunnels; water quality engineering; water resources engineering; outdoor and indoor air quality engineering; ocean engineering; and hazardous waste management. Entropy is referred to as a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. It has been used to solve numerous issues in geographical, earth, and environmental sciences. In the field of water and environment engineering, it has numerous applications in areas such as water distribution networks, sediment transport, river flow forecasting, and water monitoring network design. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of entropy and its applications in water and environmental engineering. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. A number of latest studies have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

Emerging contaminants refer to the naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals or substances that have been identified recently and are toxic to human health and environment. These are known as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Some major sources of CECs are pharmaceuticals and personal care products, detergents, steroid hormones, industrial chemicals, and pesticides. The complete removal of the CECs requires the use of advanced chemical, physical and biological treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an emerging chemical technology used for treating wastewater. Ozone, catalyst and UV irradiation are oxidants that combine in AOPs for delivering more efficient wastewater treatment. The CECs have demonstrated low acute toxicity but studies have shown that they may cause significant reproductive effects at low levels of exposure. This book outlines the latest methods for detecting and treating emerging contaminants in water and wastewater in detail. It will help the new readers in foregrounding their knowledge in this area of study.

Emerging contaminants refer to the naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals or substances that have been identified recently and are toxic to human health and environment. These are known as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Some major sources of CECs are pharmaceuticals and personal care products, detergents, steroid hormones, industrial chemicals, and pesticides. The complete removal of the CECs requires the use of advanced chemical, physical and biological treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an emerging chemical technology used for treating wastewater. Ozone, catalyst and UV irradiation are oxidants that combine in AOPs for delivering more efficient wastewater treatment. The CECs have demonstrated low acute toxicity but studies have shown that they may cause significant reproductive effects at low levels of exposure. This book outlines the latest methods for detecting and treating emerging contaminants in water and wastewater in detail. It will help the new readers in foregrounding their knowledge in this area of study.

Water resources are sources of water, such as groundwater, rivers, springs, streams, reservoirs and lakes that are beneficial for human beings. The variability of these water resources is affected by climate change, which results in shifts in weather and temperature patterns. The rise in temperature has an impact on the hydrological cycle, as it increases the rate of evaporation of the surface water along with vegetation transpiration. The primary effects of climate change on water resources are an increase in the frequency of droughts and floods, increased temperature, decreasing snow cover and wildfires. As a result, it affects the water storage in the sub-surface and surface reservoirs. The building of resilient societies and ecosystems involves dealing with the present challenges of water crisis and climate change by adopting sustainable water management strategies. This book unfolds the impact of climate change on water resources. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on the challenges and solutions related to an imminent water crisis.

Groundwater refers to the fresh water that seeps into the soil. It is stored in the minuscule spaces between soil particles and rocks known as aquifers. Entry of substances such as road salts, gasoline, chemicals and oil in the groundwater leads to groundwater contamination. Contaminated groundwater is hazardous for human consumption. Other possible sources of groundwater contamination include uncontrolled hazardous waste, atmospheric contaminants, landfills and septic systems. Groundwater remediation is the process of treating polluted groundwater by either eliminating the contaminants or transforming them into harmless products. Abiotic redaction, chemical precipitation, biotic reduction, and adsorption and ion exchange are the four biological, chemical, and physical uptake mechanisms used in the remediation of contaminated groundwater. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the analysis and remediation of groundwater contamination. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Water and wastewater treatment involves the use of one or more physical, chemical and biological processes or their combination for removing solids and organic matter from the wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed for effectively removing organic pollutants from water and wastewater by the process of oxidation. This emerging chemical technology is based on the in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals, which are used as strong oxidants that can be used to oxidize a wide range of chemical compounds. In some AOPs, sulphate radicals, ozone, catalyst, or ultraviolet irradiation is also used to achieve more efficient treatment. AOP is beneficial for cleaning biologically toxic or non-degradable materials such as aromatics, pesticides, petroleum constituents, and volatile organic compounds dissolved in the wastewater. A major advantage of using AOPs for wastewater treatment is that these processes do not introduce any new hazardous substances into the water since the complete reduction product of hydroxyl radicals is water. One drawback of AOPs that limit its large-scale application and industrial usage relates to high costs. This book unravels the recent studies on water and wastewater treatment using the advanced oxidation process. Researchers and students in this field will be greatly assisted by it.

A catchment refers to an area of land commonly surrounded by hills or mountains in which the water flows and gets collected. Catchment management is a sustainable and potentially low-carbon impact method of altering the quality of raw water at its source by managing land use practices on a catchment scale. It can also aid in the enhancement of resilience and the reduction of flood risk. Rivers supply water for power generation, irrigation, industry, domestic use and for a variety of other ecosystem services, and intrinsic and biodiversity benefits. River basin refers to an area of land which is drained by a river and its tributaries. It is considered to be the basic hydrological unit for managing water resources. Challenges related to sustainable water management on a river basin scale include changes in land use, increasing water usage and climate change. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to catchment and river basin management. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

Water is needed for various bodily functions such as synthesis and structure of cell constituents and for transporting nutrients into the cells. Contaminants in water can potentially affect these functions, leading to short-term or long-term illnesses. Some contaminants can be readily identified by examining the odor, flavor, color and turbidity of water. However, majority of the contaminants are difficult to identify and require testing to determine whether water is contaminated or not. Poor sanitation and water contamination have been linked to the spread of illnesses such as diarrhea, hepatitis A, polio, cholera, dysentery and typhoid. Water treatment involves the removal of unwanted components and contaminants or reduction of their concentration to make the water suitable for its intended end-use. Coagulation, flocculation, sludge drying, fluoridation, distillation or boiling, disinfection, settling or sedimentation, filtration, pH correction, and chemical treatment are some of the treatment strategies and techniques used for the purification of contaminated water. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of water contamination and its treatment strategies. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Transform Your Garden into a Sustainable Oasis with Rainwater Harvesting for Irrigation!Are you passionate about gardening and seeking ways to reduce your environmental footprint while saving on water costs?Looking for practical advice and step-by-step guidance to setup your rainwater harvesting system from scratch?"Rainwater Harvesting for Irrigation" is the ultimate resource for gardeners and homeowners looking to tap into rainwater collection and use benefits.This book will guide you through the entire process, from planning and designing your system to installation, maintenance, and beyond.Discover how rainwater harvesting can transform your garden into an eco-friendly, cost-efficient oasis that thrives all year round.Here's a preview of what you'll find:The 3 parameters to consider when planning your rainwater harvesting system so you don't waste budget and time;All different types of rainwater harvesting systems to easily find the one that fits your needs.9 practical tips for installing and maintaining a fully-functioning rainwater harvesting system in your garden all year round;Expert advice on storing, filtering, and treating rainwater to guarantee safe and clean water for your plantsStep-by-step guidance on DIY projects to build your own rainwater harvesting system quickly and easily.Troubleshooting tips and maintenance techniques to ensure optimal performanceLegal aspects to know when installing a water harvesting system to do it safelyAND MUCH, MUCH MORE!Don't worry if you have limited space for your system - this book offers versatile solutions to adapt the system to your garden's needs, such as using different sized containers or collecting rainwater from the roof of your home.Take the first step towards a sustainable and thriving garden today.Click "Buy Now" to Save on Water Costs, Protect the Environment, and Watch Your Garden Flourish!