Anden anvendt videnskab og teknologi

An indispensable guide for mariners navigating the treacherous waters around eastern Canada. Provides detailed maps and descriptions of key landmarks, as well as up-to-date information on hazards and currents. Contains everything sailors need to know to plan and execute a safe and successful voyage.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The intention of this book is to shine a bright light on the intellectual context of Euler's contributions to physics and mathematical astronomy. Leonhard Euler is one of the most important figures in the history of science, a blind genius who introduced mathematical concepts and many analytical tools to help us understand and describe the universe. Euler also made a monumental contribution to astronomy and orbital mechanics, developing what he called astronomia mechanica. Orbital mechanics of artificial satellites and spacecraft is based on Euler's analysis of astromechanics. However, previous books have often neglected many of his discoveries in this field. For example, orbital mechanics texts refer to the five equilibrium points in the Sun-Earth-Moon system as Lagrange points, failing to credit Euler who first derived the differential equations for the general n-body problem and who discovered the three collinear points in the three-body problem of celestial mechanics. These equilibrium points are essential today in space exploration; the James Webb Space Telescope (successor to the Hubble), for example, now orbits the Sun near L2, one of the collinear points of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, while future missions to study the universe will place observatories in orbit around Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon equilibrium points that should be properly called Euler-Lagrange points. In this book, the author uses Euler's memoirs, correspondence, and other scholarly sources to explore how he established the mathematical groundwork for the rigorous study of motion in our Solar System. The reader will learn how he studied comets and eclipses, derived planetary orbits, and pioneered the study of planetary perturbations, and how, old and blind, Euler put forward the most advanced lunar theory of his time.

Senior Department of the Air Force leadership is increasingly concerned that the current readiness assessment system is not providing sufficient insight into the capability of the force to meet future mission requirements because of the shortcomings of outcome measurements. Concurrently, the U.S. Air Force is evolving its training infrastructure in response to the prospect of operations in contested and denied environments, an increased pace of warfare, and the potential loss of superiority across multiple domains in a conflict with near-peer adversaries. Advances in the technological capabilities of training infrastructure can help fill gaps in current readiness assessments to provide senior leaders with better insight into the readiness of the force for future contingencies. To understand how such investments might do so, the authors used a multimethod approach that featured interviews with senior leaders in Air Force major commands and technical experts and included reviews of readiness reporting data and technical documentation. The report identifies current readiness assessment gaps and explores ways to address them through investments in training assets. One finding was that legacy metrics tend to focus on individual units, but the force must be able to integrate well to conduct the full spectrum of possible operations against a near-peer adversary. This requires adjusting training and how readiness is measured to assess how personnel from different units function as teams at various levels.

The U.S. Army uses a variety of resources and tools to achieve its recruiting mission each year. In this report, the authors present results from an updated version of RAND Corporation's Recruiting Resource Model (RRM), a multipart statistical model that explores how trade-offs between key recruiting resources (bonuses, advertising, and recruiters) affect the Army's ability to achieve recruiting goals and the cost of doing so. They use the RRM to analyze the mix and level of resources required to meet the recruiting mission under alternative recruiting environments and recruit eligibility policies. The RRM was updated to include more recent data to analyze the relationship between resource inputs and recruiting outcomes while incorporating the use of digital advertising, which has become an increasingly important recruiting resource in recent years. Consistent with previous iterations of the model, the results indicate that television advertising and, to a lesser extent, recruiters have positive associations with contract production and that these inputs are relatively more cost-effective than bonuses. This research can help inform how the Army might move resources in a variety of recruiting environments. Making marginal changes along these lines in a purposeful manner over time--either broadly or at a more local level (as might be done in an experimental setting)--would be an appropriate first step in implementing the recommendations that arose from this research.

Mining and geological survey work in Jamaica goes back several hundred years and was initiated by the Europeans when they colonized the Island. The year 2019 marked 160 years since the first Government-commissioned Geological Survey of Jamaica. This is one of the oldest survey activity of this type in the World! This book seeks to commemorate this heritage. It is one of the first books of its kind examining the evolution of the mineral sector and geological survey work of Jamaica, set in the framework of the Country's history of over 500 years. The Reader will explore a relatively unfamiliar side of the Country's development, linked to popular historical stories that shaped the Nation. The information presented are mostly documented in dated academic literature that are not gauged for a wide audience. This book however, aims to make this information accessible for a wider readership such as students, amateur scientist, non-professionals or anyone who wishes to learn about the rich history and heritage, and the contributions to national development from Europe and much later, North America.

Für alle, die fasziniert vom Fliegen sind und ein tieferes Verständnis dafür entwickeln wollen, wie Vögel und Modellflugzeuge ihre Kreise in der Luft ziehen. Anschaulich und unterhaltsam führt der Autor in die komplexen Sachverhalte von Wirbel, Zirkulation und Auftrieb ein. Verständlich und begreifbar durch zahlreiche Diagramme und Videos. Es gelingt dem Autor die dem dynamischen Auftrieb zugrunde liegenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten besonders anschaulich darzustellen.

"Introducing the state-of-the-art of hypervelocity shock tunnels, this complete reference features a variety of drivers and step-by-step introductions to their theories, physics, methods and testing. This book enables researchers and engineers in aerospace to design and improve wind tunnels that simulate flow qualities of real hypersonic flyers"--

This book, the first dedicated to the topic, provides a comprehensive treatment of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in standard optical fibers. SBS interactions between guided light and sound waves have drawn much attention for over fifty years, and optical fibers provide an excellent playground for the study of Brillouin scattering as they support guided modes of both wave types and provide long interaction lengths. This book is dedicated to forward SBS processes that are driven by co-propagating optical fields. The physics of forward SBS is explained in detail, starting from the fundamentals of interactions between guided optical and acoustic waves, with emphasis given to the acoustic modes that are stimulated in the processes. The realization of forward SBS in standard single-mode, polarization-maintaining and multi-core fibers is then discussed in depth. Innovative potential applications in sensors, monitoring of coating layers, lasers, and radio-frequency oscillators are presented. This book introduces the subject to graduate students in optics and applied physics, and it will be of interest to scientists working in fiber-optics, nonlinear optics and opto-mechanics.Provides the first treatment of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in book form;Reflects the dramatic recent increase in interest in forward SBS processes , driven in part by the promise of new fiber sensing concepts;Delivers a solid and comprehensive grounding in the physics of forward SBS along with detailed experimental set-ups, measurement protocols, and applications.

This updated, augmented third edition is aimed at hobbyists, students, engineers, and others who would like to learn more about the design and operation of electronic circuits used by guitarists. This book presents accessible qualitative and quantitative descriptions and analysis of a wide range of popular amplifier and effects circuits, along with basic design techniques allowing the reader to design their own circuits. The new edition further includes several additional circuits and topics suggested by readers of the previous editions, including noise gates, analog multipliers, the effects loop,  and additional tube amplifier design examples. 

Introductory Astrochemistry: From Inorganic to Life-Related Materials provides a detailed examination of the origins of planets, their satellites, and the conditions that led to life itself. Drawing on theories, experiments, observations, calculations, and analytical data from five distinct astrosciences, including astronomy, astrobiology, astrogeology, astrophysics, and astrochemistry, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of the formation and evolution of our Solar System and applies it to other solar systems. The book begins with fundamental knowledge in the astrosciences, building upon understanding systematically up to the formation of the early Solar System. This book is an interdisciplinary reference for researchers and advanced students in astrogeology, astrophysics, astrochemistry, astrobiology, astronomy, and other space sciences, helping to foster a deeper understanding of the interconnections between these disciplines.

This handbook presents a compilation of plant histopathology laboratory practices and microscopy techniques for study plant tissues under biotic stress. It will serve as an easy-to-reference material for professors, undergraduate and graduate students and researchers from different areas who work with the interaction between plants and pathogens, whether they are fungi, viruses or bacteria. Besides, it will also help unveil the structural, ultrastructural and histochemical changes induced by plants when challenged by plant pathogens.

This thesis presents the first realization of non-reciprocal energy transfer between two cantilevers by quantum vacuum fluctuations. According to quantum mechanics, vacuum is not empty but full of fluctuations due to zero-point energy. Such quantum vacuum fluctuations can lead to an attractive force between two neutral plates in vacuum ¿ the so-called Casimir effect ¿ which has attracted great attention as macroscopic evidence of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, and can dominate the interaction between neutral surfaces at small separations. The first experimental demonstration of diode-like energy transport in vacuum reported in this thesis is a breakthrough in Casimir-based devices. It represents an efficient and robust way of regulating phonon transport along one preferable direction in vacuum. In addition, the three-body Casimir effects investigated in this thesis were used to realize a transistor-like three-terminal device with quantum vacuum fluctuations. These two breakthroughs pave the way for exploring and developing advanced Casimir-based devices with potential applications in quantum information science. This thesis also includes a study of the non-contact Casimir friction, which will enrich the understanding of quantum vacuum fluctuations.

This book focuses on the fault-tolerant cooperative control (FTCC) of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs). It provides systematic and comprehensive descriptions of FTCC issues in multi-UAVs concerning faults, external disturbances, strongly unknown nonlinearities, and input saturation. Further, it addresses FTCC design from longitudinal motions to attitude motions, and outer-loop position motions of multi-UAVs. The book¿s detailed control schemes can be used to enhance the flight safety of multi-UAVs. As such, the book offers readers an in-depth understanding of UAV safety in cooperative/formation flight and corresponding design methods. The FTCC methods presented here can also provide guidelines for engineers to improve the safety of aerospace engineering systems. The book offers a valuable asset for scientists and researchers, aerospace engineers, control engineers, lecturers and teachers, and graduates and undergraduates in the system and control community, especially those working in the field of UAV cooperation and multi-agent systems.

This book presents the design of modular architecture flight simulators. Safe transportation of people and goods is one of the main directions for the development of the world economy. At the same time, in conditions of constantly increasing intensity of air traffic, the actions of people, responsible for piloting aircraft and air traffic control are of particular importance. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the process of training such specialists. This book describes various flight simulators of an aircraft, as well as to assess the impact of various characteristics of aviation simulators on the quality of skills of aviation specialists. The book discusses the following issues:1) method of setting dynamic parameters;2) methods of correction of simulator parameters, according to expert opinions of operating organizations;3) modules of simulators of operation of various aircraft units and flight conditions;4) prospects for the development of aviation simulators;5) collection and evaluation of information in the process of training on aviation simulators.

The New Space industry, characterized by the emergence of private companies and start-ups developing innovative space technologies and services, is rapidly transforming the global space landscape. Sweden, with its strong technological capabilities and entrepreneurial spirit, is well-positioned to play a leading role in this new era of space exploration.However, the New Space industry is also highly competitive, and Swedish companies need to be able to innovate quickly and efficiently to succeed. Innovation ecosystems, which are networks of interconnected actors that collaborate to develop and commercialize new technologies, can play a vital role in supporting Swedish New Space companies.This chapter examines the importance of innovation ecosystems in the New Space industry from a Swedish perspective. It begins by providing an overview of the New Space industry and its key trends. It then discusses the role of innovation ecosystems in supporting innovation and growth in the New Space industry. Finally, it examines the Swedish space innovation ecosystem and identifies specific opportunities and challenges for Swedish New Space companies.The Importance of Innovation Ecosystems in the New Space IndustryInnovation ecosystems are important for the New Space industry for a number of reasons. First, they provide access to a wide range of resources, including capital, expertise, and infrastructure. This is important for New Space companies, which often have limited resources of their own.Second, innovation ecosystems facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing. This is essential for the development of new technologies, which often require expertise from multiple disciplines.Third, innovation ecosystems can help to reduce the risk associated with innovation. This is important for New Space companies, which are operating in a rapidly changing and competitive environment.The Swedish Space Innovation EcosystemThe Swedish space innovation ecosystem is relatively strong, with a number of well-established companies and research institutions. However, there are also some challenges that need to be addressed to support the growth of Swedish New Space companies.One challenge is that the Swedish space innovation ecosystem is fragmented. There are a number of different actors involved in the space industry, but they are not always well-connected. This can make it difficult for New Space companies to access the resources and support they need.Another challenge is that the Swedish space innovation ecosystem is relatively small. This limits the pool of potential collaborators and investors

The INSTANT New York Times bestseller Instant Los Angeles Times bestsellerShortlisted for the Baillie Gifford Prize“In Nuclear War: A Scenario, Annie Jacobsen gives us a vivid picture of what could happen if our nuclear guardians fail…Terrifying.”—Wall Street Journal There is only one scenario other than an asteroid strike that could end the world as we know it in a matter of hours: nuclear war. And one of the triggers for that war would be a nuclear missile inbound toward the United States.   Every generation, a journalist has looked deep into the heart of the nuclear military establishment: the technologies, the safeguards, the plans, and the risks. These investigations are vital to how we understand the world we really live in—where one nuclear missile will beget one in return, and where the choreography of the world’s end requires massive decisions made on seconds’ notice with information that is only as good as the intelligence we have.   Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen’s Nuclear War: A Scenario explores this ticking-clock scenario, based on dozens of exclusive new interviews with military and civilian experts who have built the weapons, have been privy to the response plans, and have been responsible for those decisions should they have needed to be made. Nuclear War: A Scenario examines the handful of minutes after a nuclear missile launch. It is essential reading, and unlike any other book in its depth and urgency.