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This book analyses the founding years of consumer law and consumer policy in Europe. It combines two dimensions: the making of national consumer law and the making of European consumer law, and how both are intertwined. The chapters on Germany, Italy, the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom serve to explain the economic and the political background which led to different legal and policy approaches in the then old Member States from the 1960s onwards. The chapter on Poland adds a different layer, the one of a former socialist country with its own consumer law and how joining the EU affected consumer law at the national level. The making of European consumer law started in the 1970s rather cautiously, but gradually the European Commission took an ever stronger position in promoting not only European consumer law but also in supporting the building of the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC), the umbrella organisation of the national consumer bodies. The book unites the early protagonists who were involved in the making of consumer law in Europe: Guido Alpa, Ludwig Krämer, Ewa Letowska, Hans-W Micklitz, Klaus Tonner, Iain Ramsay, and Thomas Wilhelmsson, supported by the younger generation Aneta Wiewiórowska Domagalska, Mateusz Grochowski, and Koen Docter, who reconstructs the history of BEUC. Niklas Olsen and Thomas Roethe analyse the construction of this policy field from a historical and sociological perspective.This book offers a unique opportunity to understand a legal and political field, that of consumer law and policy, which plays a fundamental role in our contemporary societies.
I have been a teacher for my entire career, educating surgical students and caregivers around the globe. Nothing makes me happier than to teach, sharing what I know, and helping to make the world a better place. Your success is nothing less than my greatest honor.--Dr. Jeffery Scott Brooks
Das vorliegende Personal-Lehrbuch bietet einen Einblick in die zentralen Aufgabenfelder eines modernen Personalmanagements sowie einen umfangreichen Uberblick uber vertiefende Literatur zu spezifischen Themenbereichen. Ausgehend von den grundsatzlichen Zielen und Aufgaben des Personalmanagements sowie den aktuellen Tendenzen in der Personalpolitik behandeln die Autoren Personalbedarfsplanung, -beschaffung, -einsatz und -verwaltung, Entlohnung und Sozialpolitik, Personalentwicklung, -abbau und -controlling. Das Lehrbuch ist genau auf die Anforderungen (Kompetenzziele, Lehrinhalte) des Bachelor-Studiums im Studienbereich Wirtschaft der Berufsakademien zugeschnitten. Zahlreiche Abbildungen, Hintergrundinformationen und Praxisbeispiele tragen zu einer hohen Verstandlichkeit der behandelten Themenfelder bei. Die enthaltenen Kontrollfragen bieten dem Leser die Moglichkeit, das eigene Verstandnis direkt zu uberprufen.
Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Gesundheit - Sonstiges, Note: 2,3, Universität Bielefeld (Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Eine Evaluation der Verträge zur HzV gemäß § 73b SGB V ist bis dato gesetzlich nicht vorgeschrieben. Mit Einführung des GKV-Finanzierungsgesetzes (GKV-FinG) zum 01.01.2011 wurde erstmals im § 73b Abs. 5a SGB V festgeschrieben, dass bestimmte Leistungen der HzV ausschließlich aus Einsparungen und Effi-zienzreserven finanziert werden dürfen und die Verträge der HzV dem Grundsatz der Beitragssatzstabilität unterliegen. Ob Einsparungen und Effizienzreserven generiert werden und wie die HzV gemäß § 73b Abs. 5a SGB V aus Sicht einer Krankenkasse ökonomisch einzuordnen ist, soll Aufgabe der vorliegenden Arbeit sein.Vor dem Hintergrund des § 73b Abs. 5a SGB V wurde für diese Arbeit die Per-spektive der Krankenkassen gewählt, da die Generierung von Einsparungen und Effizienzreserven auf die Krankenkassen als Kostenträger zurückfallen und die Einhaltung der Beitragssatzstabilität ein wirtschaftliches Ziel der Krankenkassen darstellt, welches von deren Aufsichtsbehörden kontrolliert wird. [...]
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Jura - Andere Rechtssysteme, Rechtsvergleichung, Note: 12,00, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Rechtswissenschaftliche Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Universitäre Schwerpunktbereichsprüfung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Bioethische Diskussionen sind in Deutschland schon immer von besonderer Intensität gewesen. Das verdeutlichen sowohl die Debatten um den Schwangerschaftsabbruch als auch der Konflikt um die Embryonen- und Stammzellforschung, der in dieser Arbeit im Mittelpunkt steht. Dieses Thema hat weltweit noch nicht den Status eines ausdrücklichen Verfassungsthemas gewonnen. In den meisten Ländern wird die Problematik der Embryonen- und embryonalen Stammzellforschung im Rahmen der Verfassungsbestimmungen über die Menschenwürde und über das Recht auf Leben behandelt. In dieser Arbeit geht es vor allem um die Menschenwürde, die für die Teilnehmer der deutschen Stammzelldebatte als ¿ethikgeprägtes Konzept¿ und ¿tragendes Konstitutionsprinzip¿ des Grundgesetzes für den Schutz früher Embryonen von elementarer Bedeutung ist. Da dazu aber keine konkrete Würdeschutzregelung existiert, müssen Ableitungen aus dem abstrakten Satz des Art. 1 Abs. 1 S. 1 GG ¿Die Würde des Menschen ist unantastbar¿ im Wege der Verfassungsinterpretation vorgenommen werden. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob bei der Interpretation der Menschenwürdegarantie zugunsten früher Embryonen von der Rechtsvergleichung als Rationalitätskriterium Gebrauch gemacht wurde.
The publication examines the extant state of employees¿ rights as made available by the laws regulating them in Nigeria; as well as the regime of employers within the extant labour laws that promote the rights of workers in the country; this examination seeks to determine the true position of workers¿ rights in Nigeria. The publication will reveal that there appears to be enough and sufficient laws to usher in enviable standards to ensure these Nigerian workers¿ rights are protected and enjoyed by all workers but due to some limitations, it is yet to achieve such aspiration. Employees¿ rights found in Nigeria are not dissimilar to what can be found in other realms of the world.
A public health approach to human trafficking requires a nuanced understanding of its root causes. This textbook applies a historical lens to human trafficking from expert resources for the multidisciplinary public health learner and worker. The book challenges the anti-trafficking paradigm to meaningfully understand historical legacies of present-day root-causes of human trafficking. This textbook focuses on history¿s utility in public health. It describes history to contextualize and explain present times, and provides public health lessons in trafficking prevention and intervention. Public health recognizes the importance of multiple systems to solve big problems, so the chapters illustrate how current anti-trafficking efforts in markets and public systems connect with historical policies and data in the United States. Topics explored include:Capitalism, Colonialism, and Imperialism: Roots for Present-Day Trafficking Invisibility, Forced Labor, and Domestic Work Addressing Modern Slavery in Global Supply Chains: The Role of Businesses Immigration, Precarity, and Human Trafficking: Histories and Legacies of Asian American Racial Exclusion in the United StatesSystemic and Structural Roots of Child Sex Trafficking: The Role of Gender, Race, and Sexual Orientation in Disproportionate VictimizationThe Complexities of Complex Trauma: An Historical and Contemporary Review of Healing in the Aftermath of Commercialized Violence Historical Context Matters: Health Research, Health Care, and Bodies of Color in the United States Understanding linkages between contemporary manifestations of human trafficking with their respective historical roots offers meaningful insights into the roles of public policies, institutions, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic norms in commercialized violence. The textbook identifies sustainable solutions to prevent human trafficking and improve the health of the Nation.The Historical Roots of Human Trafficking is essential reading for students of public health, health sciences, criminology, and social sciences; public health professionals; academics; anti-trafficking advocates, policy-makers, taskforces, funders, and organizations; legislators; and governmental agencies and administrators.
This topical new book views the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the law, history, ethics, technology, economics and gender studies. By focusing on the implications of the virus in a wider interdisciplinary context, and looking at responses to the virus in Europe, South America, Asia and beyond, these essays set out a framework for understanding the COVID-19 virus beyond its epidemiological constraints, asking us to question the very definition of what it means to be human.
This book provides an overview of disability exceptions to copyright infringement and the international and human rights legal framework for disability rights and exceptions. The focus is on those exceptions as they apply to visual art, while the book presents a comprehensive study of copyright's disability exceptions per se and the international and human rights law framework in which they are situated.3D printing now allows people with a visual impairment to experience 3D reproductions of paintings, drawings and photographs through touch. At the same time, the uncertain application of existing disability exceptions to these reproductions may generate concerns about legal risk, hampering sensory art projects and reducing inclusivity and equity in cultural engagement by people with a visual impairment. The work adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with contributions from diverse stakeholders, including persons with disabilities, cultural institutions and the 3D printing industry. The book sketches the scene relating to sensory art projects. Experts in intellectual property, human rights, disability and art law then critically analyse the current legal landscape relating to disability access to works of visual art at both international and regional levels, as well as across a broad representative sample of national jurisdictions, and identify where legal reform is required.This comparative analysis of the laws aims to better inform stakeholders of the applicable legal landscape, the legal risks and opportunities associated with sensory art and the opportunities for reform and best practice guidelines, with the overarching goal of facilitating international harmonisation of the law and enhanced inclusivity.
This book examines the social and legal regulation of domestic violence (DV) within the Kesarwani business community following the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005. It analyses the existence of the formal law in Kolkata and the relevance of the law in the familial lives of the Kesarwani community.The book offers a new conceptualisation of examining the relationship between formal law and social life. It provides a deep insight into how living with violence becomes a way of living and how the disposition to familial violence exists with social advantage and privilege. Explaining the functioning of the formal DV framework in non-legal terms as it exists on the paper, the book shows the ways in which this one law sought to democratise the family unit and overhaul the legal process in favour of DV victims in India. Most of all it hopes to show through the Kolkata study that caste and class, social structures that regulate and define social life globally, must remain critical to discussions of the social and legal regulation of DV in Kolkata, India or anywhere in the world. The book uses ethnography as a research methodology and traverses different locations in the Kesarwani community, and outside the community in Kolkata, to examine the relevance of the formal law in the lives of Kesarwani women. While the study is in India (and in a non-western context), the theme of the study - the social and legal regulation - remains relevant to contemporary debates on the efficacy of formal law in addressing coercive control in the western world. Notably, the book makes the formal domestic violence law legible for non-legal professionals by explaining the formal legal framework of domestic violence envisaged in the PWDVA.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of law, criminal justice, sociology, anthropology, women's studies, and political science. It will also appeal to social service providers and practitioners working in the area of domestic violence, legal regulation, social control of women, gender, caste, class and family business.
The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Friendship is a superb compilation of chapters that explore the history, major topics, and controversies in philosophical work on friendship. It gives both the advanced scholar and the novice in the field an overview and also an in-depth exploration of the connections between friendship and the history of philosophy, morality, practical rationality, value theory, and interpersonal relationships more generally.The Handbook consists of 31 newly commissioned chapters by an international slate of contributors, and is divided into six sections:I. Historical PerspectivesII. Who Can Be Our Friends?III. Friendship and Other RelationshipsIV. The Value and Rationality of FriendshipV. Friendship, Morality, and VirtueVI. New Issues in Philosophy of FriendshipThis volume is essential reading not only for anyone interested in the philosophical questions involving friendship, but also for anyone interested in related topics such as love, sex, moral duties, the good life, the nature of rationality, interpersonal and interspecies relationships, and the nature of the person.
This book provides a socio-legal examination of the media's influence on the development and implementation of criminal justice policy.This impact is often assumed. And, especially in the wake of high-profile crimes, the press is routinely observed calling for sentences to be harsher, and for governments to be tougher on crime. But how do we know that there is a connection? To answer this question, the book draws on a case study of the media reporting of the rape and murder of Jill Meagher in Melbourne, Australia; as well as other well-known cases, including those of James Bulger, Sarah Payne, Stephen Lawrence and Michael Brown, among others. Deploying a socio-legal framework to examine how the media's often powerful and emotive narratives play a crucial role in the development and implementation of law, the book provides a deep and critical reflection on its influence. The book concludes with a number of suggestions for media reform: both to moderate the media's influence, and to incorporate a broader range of viewpoints.This multi-disciplinary book will appeal to scholars and students in sociolegal studies, criminology and criminal law as well as those working in relevant areas in sociology and media studies.
This book provides a comprehensive and positive reimagining of probation practice in England and Wales across all the key settings in which work with people subject to supervision takes place.
This book argues that the expressivist justice model provides a meaningful foundation for the participation of victims in international criminal proceedings.Traditional criminal justice theories have tended to marginalise the role afforded to victims while informing the criminal procedures utilised by international criminal courts. As a result, giving content to, shaping, and enhancing victims' participatory rights have been some of the most debated issues in international criminal justice. This book contributes to this debate by advancing expressivism, which has the capacity to create a historical narrative of gross human rights violations, as a core of international criminal justice able to provide a worthwhile basis for the participation of victims in proceedings and clarifying the scope and content of their participatory rights. The work provides an in-depth discussion on issues related to victims' participatory rights from the perspective of international human rights law, victimology, and the philosophical foundation of international criminal justice.The book will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and policymakers working in the areas of international criminal justice, international human rights law, transitional justice, and conflict studies.
The volume offers an overview of the theories and practices of Italian legal feminism, presenting both the main themes addressed and the main protagonists of Italian feminist legal theory.The book is divided into two parts. The first is dedicated to deepening crucial issues that directly concern women's knowledge and lives from a feminist perspective, such as the interconnection between law, rights and justice; diversity, difference and equality; sex, sexuality and reproduction; citizenship and borders; deviance, criminal matters and security; and victims, victimology, and vulnerability. Each set of thematic issues is analysed by a current Italian feminist legal scholar, who engages with multiple feminist voices in order to emphasise the need for an interdisciplinary approach to law from a feminist perspective. The second part of the book is devoted to outlining the paths of study, research and practice of specific and renowned Italian legal scholars who have provided the foundation for legal feminism in Italy: Letizia Gianformaggio, Tamar Pitch, Silvia Niccolai, and Lia Cigarini. The book thereby offers, for the first time, a comprehensive account of the traditions and trajectories of Italian legal feminism, thus opening up a dialogue with other feminist approaches to law and justice.The book will appeal to scholars in legal theory, critical and sociolegal studies, sociology, gender studies, and critical criminology.
This book uses a controversial criminal immigration court procedure along the México-U.S. border called Operation Streamline as a rich setting to understand the identity management strategies employed by lawyers and judges.
Focusing on systemic risks caused by climate change, this book examines how these risks can be effectively regulated to ensure resilience and avoid catastrophe.Systemic risks are risks that threaten the systems upon which society depends, including ecosystems, social systems, financial systems, and systems of infrastructure. Such risks are typically characterised by inherent complexity, profound uncertainty, and overwhelming ambiguity. In combination, these features pose significant regulatory challenges for policy and law-makers. Examining how different types of systemic risks caused by climate change are being regulated in four different jurisdictions - the EU, the UK, the US and Australia - this book identifies deficiencies associated with regulating systemic risks using a traditional approach, based on a linear relationship between risk and regulation, which is widely used to regulate risk. The book advances a regulatory approach that is, instead, founded on the concept of "risk governance". This involves a structured yet flexible, holistic, interdisciplinary and inclusive basis for responding to systemic risks; and it is, this book argues, a more effective basis for regulating systemic risks given their uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity.This book will appeal to academics, policy and law-makers and practitioners working at the intersection of law and policy in the areas of regulation, risk management and climate change.
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