Analytisk kemi

This book offers a systematic study of control algorithms applied in the operation of solar membrane distillation (SMD) facilities. After a short introduction to membrane distillation systems powered by solar energy, it reports on the various stages of the development of a comprehensive operating strategy, based on modelling, control, and optimization techniques, which enables an improved operation of SMD plants helping the commercialization of the SMD technology. A special focus of the research was to maximize the distillate production of the MD modules while reducing their thermal energy consumption, being those two important weaknesses of the current technology, as well as their minimizing operating costs. The optimised operating strategies were tested in a real pilot plant located at Plataforma Solar de Almería (a dependency of the Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, of Spain). All in all, this thesis offers extensive information on control and modeling algorithms, and on their practical applications in solar membrane distillation plants.

Heraldic devices first appeared on ceramics in Western Europe from the sixteenth century onwards; however, it was not until the 1760s that British ceramic manufactories began executing commissions for services displaying heraldic devices for the gentry. This book explores the rise of the new gentry class and the market for armorial services through the case study of the Pendock Barry service. The case study is presented from three angles. It looks at Pendock Neale Barry (1757¿1833) who commissioned the service, then considers the evidence for attributing the service to the Derby factory during the period 1805¿1810, and finally looks at the evidence supporting an attribution of the decoration to Billingsley. The case study sets out a novel approach to understanding heraldic devices on ceramics by bringing together the disciplines of detailed genealogical research, cultural knowledge, and chemical analytical compositional data. This multidisciplinary approach enables the armorial services to be considered and understood through the lens of heritage, culture, and science.

The separation of a mixture into its individual components is one of the most fundamental procedures in analytical and industrial chemistry. This classic book in analytical chemistry provides a comprehensive yet systematic outline of all known separation methods. Through its detailed treatment of the basic principles of separation possibilities, it not only covers what is currently known, but also represents a treasure trove of methods that are still awaiting further development. It is clearly structured and contains interesting examples, further reading and a detailed index. An indispensable book for advanced students of natural sciences (chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, pharmacy, clinical chemistry, environmental sciences) and technology (chemical engineering, chemical-physical measurement & biotechnology), as well as teachers of these disciplines.

Metal-organic Frameworks in Analytical Sample Preparation and Sensing presents all the areas of applications of metal-organic frameworks in analytical sample preparation. Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline coordination polymers with robust and stable crystal structures, high synthetic tunability, and interesting properties for their use in analytical applications, including their detailed use as sorbents in miniaturized-extraction procedures and as components in sensors. This book also provides important information about the synthesis and characterization of these materials, with useful tips written by experts on the subject with respect to their conditioning, handling, and recycling. Their outstanding properties, adsorptive capabilities, and structural diversity are also highlighted. This will help experts in the field to select the proper metal-organic framework for a particular analytical application.

This book introduces the various types of quantum dots to the reader and provides enough information in the text and the references to encourage a new quantum dot user to get started.

This book is part of 7 books which covers whole chemistry for the Board as well competitive exams. We have divided total chemistry syllabus in to 7 books each one will come in every phase. All of these books are designed to keep in mind the requirements of CBSE board as well IIT entrance exam syllabus. This Book consists of Nomoreclass concepts and previous IIT questions.

This book focuses on advanced optical spectroscopy techniques for the characterization of cutting-edge semiconductor materials. It covers a wide range of techniques such as Raman, infrared, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, including an introduction to their physical fundamentals and best operating principles. Aimed at professionals working in the research and development of semiconductors and semiconductor materials, this book looks at a broad class of materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide, nano-diamond thin films, quantum dots, and gallium oxide. In addition to the spectroscopic techniques covered, this book features a chapter devoted to the use of a scanning electron transmission microscope as an excitation source for CL spectroscopy. Written by a practicing industry expert in the field, this book is an ideal source of reference and best-practices guide for physicists, as well as materials scientists and engineers involved in the area of spectroscopy of semiconductor materials. Further, this book introduces the cutting-edge spectroscopy such as optical photothermal IR and Raman spectroscopy or terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) etc.

Drug counterfeiting detection is very important for the safety of patients globally. Counterfeit detection devices have been used for qualitative and quantitative assessment to differentiate counterfeit medications from the relevant product. This volume focuses on current technological approaches to detect counterfeited pharmaceuticals.

This monograph is a fundamental reference for scientists and engineers who encounter spin processes in their work. The author, Ilya Kuprov, derives the concept of spin from basic symmetries and gives an overview of theoretical and computational aspects of spin dynamics: from Dirac equation and spin Hamiltonian, through coherent evolution and relaxation theories, to quantum optimal control, and all the way to practical implementation advice for parallel computers.

This book covers multipurpose usage of MOFs in sample preparation, integration, and detection stages of analytical chemistry for researchers/scientists/engineers who are interested in developing new materials or new applications.

Nanospectroscopy addresses the spectroscopy of very small objects down to single molecules or atoms, or high-resolution spectroscopy performed on regions much smaller than the wavelength of light, revealing their local optical, electronic and chemical properties. This work highlights modern examples where optical nanospectroscopy is exploited in photonics, optical sensing, medicine, or state-of-the-art applications in material, chemical and biological sciences. Examples include the use of nanospectroscopy in such varied fields as quantum emitters, dyes and two-dimensional materials, on solar cells, radiation imaging detectors, biosensors and sensors for explosives, in biomolecular and cancer detection, food science, and cultural heritage studies. Also by the editors: Textbook "Optical Nanospectroscopy": _"Fundamentals & Methods" (Vol. 1) and _"Instrumentation, Simulation & Materials" (Vol. 2).

This book presents 41 selected articles written by leading researchers from the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The articles are grouped by the following topics: (1) Geochemistry, (2) Meteoritics, Cosmochemistry, Lunar and Planetary Sciences, (3) Biogeochemistry and Ecology, and (4) Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry, and Radioecology. The articles present recent experimental data, theoretical investigations, critical reviews, the results of computer modeling in the above-mentioned fields.Intended to provide a scientific ¿snapshot¿ of the institute, the book also includes content on its history, main scientific achievements and current goals, together with detailed descriptions of its 25 laboratories and three museums so as to promote new international collaborations.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all scientists and graduate students working in the areas of geochemistry, analytical chemistry and radiochemistry, earth and environmental sciences, biogeosciences, meteoritics and planetary science, and to those seeking new collaboration opportunities in these areas in Russia.

The 3rd edition of this textbook offers clear explanations of optical spectroscopic phenomena and shows how spectroscopic techniques are used in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics.Topics included are: electronic and vibrational absorption fluorescence symmetry operations and normal-mode calculations electron transfer from excited moleculesenergy transferexciton interactions electronic and vibrational circular dichroismcoherence and dephasingultrafast pump-probe and photon-echo spectroscopy single-molecule and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopyRaman scatteringmultiphoton absorption quantum optics and non-linear opticsentropy changes during photoexcitationelectronic and vibrational Stark effects studies of fast processes in single moleculestwo-dimensional electronic and vibrational spectroscopyThis revised and updated edition provides expanded discussions of laser spectroscopy, crystal symmetry, birefringence, non-linear optics, solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The explanations are sufficiently thorough and detailed to be useful for researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates in chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics. They are based on time-dependent quantum mechanics, but are developed from first principles so that they can be understood by readers with little prior training in the field. Additional topics and highlights are presented in special boxes in the text. The book is richly illustrated with color figures throughout. Each chapter ends with a section of questions for self-examination.

Edited and authored by world experts, this book covers the newest areas of research into cheese manufacture and engineering, as well as the latest developments concerning properties and structure.

This textbook introduces the elementary basics of hydrochemistry with special focus on reaction equilibria in aquatic systems and their mathematical description. Topics discussed in this textbook include: structure and properties of water, concentration measures and activities, colligative properties, basics of chemical equilibria, gas-water partitioning, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, calco-carbonic equilibrium, redox reactions, complex formation, and sorption. Examples within the text as well as problems to be solved by the reader support the acquisition of knowledge. Complete and detailed solutions to the problems are given in a separate chapter.

This book offers a didactic introduction to light¿matter interactions at both the classical and semi-classical levels. Pursuing an approach that describes the essential physics behind the functionality of any optical element, it acquaints students with the broad areas of optics and photonics. Its rigorous, bottom-up approach to the subject, using model systems ranging from individual atoms and simple molecules to crystalline and amorphous solids, gradually builds up the reader¿s familiarity and confidence with the subject matter. Throughout the book, the detailed mathematical treatment and examples of practical applications are accompanied by problems with worked-out solutions. In short, the book provides the most essential information for any graduate or advanced undergraduate student wishing to begin their course of study in the field of photonics, or to brush up on important concepts prior to an examination.

Sulfonamides are a prominent pharmacological family that has seen considerable usage in human and animal medicine due to their overall stability, bioavailability, and ease of production. In this study, first of all, the structural parameters of the 4-((6,7-dihydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl) methylamino) benzene sulfonamide compound were determined by optimization calculation. Then, we analyzed spectroscopic properties such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR by theoretically. Finally, HOMO-LUMO molecular orbital energies, the nonlinear optical properties (NLO) and molecular potential energy surface (MEP) of the compound were calculated and the ADME study was carried out to determine whether it showed drug properties. As a result, it was found that the experimental spectroscopic values and the calculation results were compatible with each other. With NLO and ADME studies, it was determined that the studied molecule showed nonlinear optical activity and drug properties. Calculations were performed with the DFT/B3LYP method and using the 6-311++ g (d, p) basis set.

This book illustrates the significance of various optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for deciphering the nature of biological molecules. The content of this book chiefly focuses on (1) the principle, theory, and instrumentation used in different optical spectroscopy techniques, and (2) the application of these techniques in exploring the nature of different biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and carbohydrates). It emphasizes the structural, conformational and dynamic, and kinetic including the changes in biomolecules under a range of conditions. In closing, the book summarizes recent advances in the field of optical spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Die 1894 erstmals erschienenen "Logarithmische Rechentafeln für Chemiker" von Friedrich Wilhelm Küster mauserten sich zu einem Klassiker unter den Nachschlagewerken zur Analytischen Chemie. Im Vordergrund stand und steht immer die Unterstützung des Anwenders in Fragen der schnellen, hochqualitativen Versorgung mit Informationen rund um Analysentechniken. Dies ist auch in Zeiten der zunehmenden Dominanz des Internets noch von unschätzbarem Wert. Wer dort eine Frage stellt, bekommt darauf zwar Antworten, nur sind diese oftmals verschieden und auch widersprüchlich, so dass der nicht so versierte Experte hilflos vor dem Informationschaos steht. Hier setzt dieses mittlerweile "Analytik - Daten, Formeln, Übungsaufgaben" genannte Lehrbuch an und bietet von Experten gesichtete, bewertete und in vielen Fällen auch an praktischen Fragestellungen erklärte Informationen in geschickt aufbereiteter Form an. In der 110. Auflage wurden die für Analysentechniken relevanten Informationen durch Neusortierung besser zugänglich gemacht und die immer wichtiger werdende instrumentelle Analyse um neue Kapitel u.a. zur Atomspektrometrie und Massenspektrometrie erweitert. Gleichzeitig wurde die Nomenklatur an aktuelle Empfehlungen der IUPAC angepasst.

This book presents commonly applied characterization techniques in material science, their brief history and origins, mechanism of operation, advantages and disadvantages, their biosensing applications, and troubleshooting for each technique, while addressing the challenges researchers face when working with these techniques. The book dedicates its focus to identifying physicochemical and electrochemical nature of materials including analyses of morphology, mass spectrometry, and topography, as well as the characterization of elemental, structural, thermal, wettability, electrochemical, and chromatography properties. Additionally, the main features and benefits of using coupled characterization techniques are discussed in this book.

Cyclodextrins (¿-CDs) are D-glucose macrocycles that resemble hollow, truncated cones and can be produced inexpensively from side to side enzymatic starch stop working. The three principal types of cyclodextrins are ¿-CD (diameter of cavity: 0.57 nm), ¿-CD (diameter of cavity: 0.78 nm), and ¿-CD (diameter of cavity: 0.95 nm), which contain 6-8 glucose molecules, in that order. Due to their cup-like shape and hydrophobic interior cavity, ¿-CDhave a remarkable ability to create host-guest complexes with hundreds of chemical molecules.

This book provides a general reference to the different green sample preparation approaches that have been developed in the trend towards eco-friendly methods.

Comprehensive resource covering key developments in biosensor-based diagnostics for infectious diseases With its overview of currently available technologies, Point-of-Care Biosensors for Infectious Diseases serves as a starting point for the successful development and application of pathogen biosensors in a point-of-care setting. Here, expert authors review current challenges in pathogen detection and the selection of suitable biomarkers, detail currently available biosensor platforms including electrochemical, piezoelectric, magnetic, and optical sensors, and cover technology development for point-of-care biosensors for viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Point-of-Care Biosensors for Infectious Diseases covers key topics such as: Fundamentals of biosensor detection, with a focus on optical and electrochemical techniques Organic and inorganic based nanomaterials for healthcare diagnostics Strategies for miniaturizing biosensor devices, and state-of-the-art integrated sensing platforms Latest trends in point-of-care biosensing systems to detect, diagnose, and monitor infectious diseases Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Point-of-Care Biosensors for Infectious Diseases is an excellent reference for all developers, researchers, and technology managers in the areas of molecular diagnosis, infectious diseases, biosensors, and related fields.