Biovidenskab: generelle emner

This book aims to be an introduction to haplotype information for both the wet and dry labs. Chapters detail co-barcoding and linked-reads based methods, third generation sequencing based methods, Hi-C based methods, single-cell and Strand-seq, and methods for using haplotype data once obtained. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Haplotyping: Methods and Protocols aims to provide comprhensive and accessible methods to undergraduate, graduate, and established scientists.

This volume details state-of-the- art methods on computer-aided antibody design. Chapters guide readers through information on antibody sequences and structures,  modeling antibody structures and dynamics, prediction and optimization of biological and biophysical properties of antibodies, prediction of antibody-antigen interactions, and computer-aided antibody affinity maturation and beyond. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computer-Aided Antibody Design aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book provides information about plant¿environment studies and challenges for plant improvement to achieve food security. Plants face a wide range of environmental challenges, which are expected to become more intense as a result of global climate change. Plant¿environment interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. There are habitats throughout the world that present challenges to crop plants, such as through a lack of water and excessive, or toxic, salts in the soil. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant communities and participate to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Plant communities selected by environment grow by modifying soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, with consequent effects on survival and growth of plants. The complexity of plant¿environment interactions has recently been studied by developing a trait-based approach in which responses and effects of plants on environment were quantified and modeled. This fundamental research on plant¿environment interaction in ecosystems is essential to transpose knowledges of functional ecology to environmental management. Plants have adapted to an incredible range of environment, and extensive researches on ecological and environmental plant physiology have provided mechanistic understanding of the survival, distribution, productivity, and abundance of plant species across the diverse climates of our planet. Ecophysiological techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of photosynthesis, respiration, plant water relations, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, from instantaneous to evolutionary timescales. Ecophysiological studies also provide the basis for scaling plant physiological processes from the tissue to the canopy, ecosystem, region, and to a large extent, the entire globe. Given the above, the author proposes to bring forth a comprehensive book, ¿New Frontiers in Plant-Environment Interactions¿, highlighting the various emerging techniques and applications that are currently being used in plant¿environment interaction research and its future prospects. The author is sure that this book caters the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.

This book thoroughly examines the aims of green urbanism, providing a perspective to help responding to the growing environmental challenges posed by the enormous increase in human needs. The book gives insights about architectural intervention in urban planning which provides green design strategies in a way that improves the efficiency of building in terms of energy consumption and environmental conservation. The book also gives attention to the paradigm of the `intermediate city', thus, helping in overcoming the challenges posed by the growing urbanization process. Finally, the book gives a futuristic vision of cities, anticipating their challenges and providing possible solutions for them. The book targets a wide audience interested in implementing the SDG goals in energy and green urban planning, and those interested the interdisciplinary nature of green urbanization and alternative and renewable energy accommodates.The book is a culmination of selected research papers from the 4th version of the International Online Conference on Green Urbanism (GU) of Roma Tre University, Italy (2020) & the 3rd version of the International Online Conference on Alternative and Renewable Energy Quest (2020).

Thriving After 40 is your simple step-by-step guide to creating your most successful, authentic, and fulfilling life. Consider this your roadmap to a better way of living.

This volume provides up-to-date and novel techniques for various screening technologies currently used in metagenomics and related areas. Starting with DNA/RNA isolation from environmental samples, the book continues by delving into areas such as current methods used to isolate DNA and construct metagenomic libraries, establishment of metagenome libraries in non-E. coli hosts, and topics like function-driven mining of metagenomic DNA, screening and analyzing protocols for a wide array of different genes encoding enzymes, bacterial viruses and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Metagenomics: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition provides a comprehensive collection of up-to-date metagenome protocols and tools for the recovery of many major types of biocatalysts and allows for the easy setup of these screens in microbiology laboratories.

This book combines discursive chapters that present the latest progress in molecular biology, drug discovery, organ-tissue engineering, and related fields, with a number of descriptive chapters on methods, protocols, and case studies. Structured into four parts, this volume walks the reader through the latest in cellular biology, with discussions on novel medicinal plant metabolites, nanotechnology in precision medicine, nucleic acid-based therapeutics and vaccines, genetic engineering, computational aid, bioinformatics, synthetic organs for transplantation, and organ-tissue engineering. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that ensures quality results in the lab. Authoritative and informative, Gene, Drug, and Tissue Engineering serves as an ideal guide for undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, and senior researchers working in biomedicine and its underlying technologies, stimulating both computational and experimental development and fostering the exchange of new ideas.

This book explores the most important processing steps of proteomics data analysis and presents practical guidelines, as well as software tools, that are both user-friendly and state-of-the-art in chemo- and biostatistics. Beginning with methods to control the false discovery rate (FDR), the volume continues with chapters devoted to software suites for constructing quantitation data tables, missing value related issues, differential analysis software, and more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and implementation advice that leads to successful results. Authoritative and practical, Statistical Analysis of Proteomic Data: Methods and Tools serves as an ideal guide for proteomics researchers looking to extract the best of their data with state-of-the art tools while also deepening their understanding of data analysis.

This book includes description of main morphological characteristics of 435 species (including varieties and subspecies) belonging to 57 families and 233 genera of endemic and endangered plants of Hulun Buir Rangeland in China. A brief description of the morphological characteristics of each plant, flowering period, zoning, habitat, and the usage habits of most plants, together with 1 to 4 photographs taken in the field are provided. This work is designed not only for researchers working in rangeland science, ecological restoration and protection but also for professionals working in rangeland and related fields. The work is a result of many years of rangeland plant collection and specimens identification.

This book focuses on energy metabolism and brain functions related to Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao (CSD), an important issue in brain pathophysiology. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the history and early research on CSD, and then discusses the recent advances in the technology used to map and monitor brain mitochondrial NADH redox state and other physiological functions during CSD. The chapters explore the connection between CSD and mitochondrial function under hypoxia, Ischemia and various drugs treatment, and provide a resource to scientists researching the development of CSD during various brain pathophysiological conditions.  This book is essential to scientists and students working in the field of bioenergetics of the brain and various organs and tissues in the body. The use of this technology is also crucial and applicable in the neuroscience field.

This book describes leading research in bioengineering for development of novel technologies for ferrous metal extraction. The author includes new developments in molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, cell metabolism, and engineering principles and applies them to the conventional iron ore industry - proposing innovative solutions to various industry challenges. The book focuses on applied approaches and describes emerging and established industrial processes, as well as the underlying theory of the process, and the biology of the microorganisms involved.Elaborates on bioprocessing technologies applicable for extraction of ferrous metals using cross-pollination of microbiology and extractive metallurgy;Presents a systematic overview of bioprocessing technologies encompassing laboratory research, pilot scale studies, and industrial process flowsheet design;Provides comprehensive coverage of the engineering principles behind bioprocesses of iron ores including material and energy balances, transport processes, reactions and reactor engineering.

This book includes peer-reviewed articles from the 8th International Conference on Sustainable Urban Development (ICSUD 2022), held at the Vietnamese-German University (VGU) in Vietnam. The theme of the conference is ¿innovative and inclusive growth models for sustainable urban development¿. Articles in this book present major issues that cities and regions around the world are facing these days to adapt to new, unexpected, and profound challenges.Over past few years, the world has been observing meaningful reactions to crises. From the pandemic to war, energy, and food shortages, there are always opportunities for innovations. Some firms still thrived in the city lock-down; some groups stayed healthier with less income; and certain municipalities consumed less resources to attain higher outcomes. However, the rise of digital economy, the importance of proximity or near-shore supply chain, or the new contribution of different communities at different levels are generalized asnew growth models for changes.

Explore the past, present, and future of the everyday stuff in your home, from tinned food to tampons. Learn how 30,000 bath toys and the work of amateur beachcombers have helped scientists study ocean currents. Explore how the search for a death ray led to the creation of the microwave oven and ready meals. Discover the surprising link between sticky tape and the Nobel Prize. Uncover the extraordinary stories of ordinary objects in this perfect gift for curious minds. From the creators of the A Brief History of Stuff podcast and inspired by the incredible artefacts in the Science Museum Group Collection, this collection of entertaining essays reveals the fascinating history behind some of the most mundane items in our homes.

This book describes new theories and applications of artificial neural networks, with a special focus on answering questions in neuroscience, biology and biophysics and cognitive research. It covers a wide range of methods and technologies, including deep neural networks, large-scale neural models, brain-computer interface, signal processing methods, as well as models of perception, studies on emotion recognition, self-organization and many more. The book includes both selected and invited papers presented at the XXIV International Conference on Neuroinformatics, held on October 17-21, 2022, in Moscow, Russia.

This new edition provides comprehensive coverage of the variety and complexity of the roles that glycoconjugates play in the cells of the nervous system. Basic fundamental principles as well as the latest developments in neural glycobiology are discussed.  Topics covered range from the structure and metabolism of the saccharide chains and current approaches used in their study, to changes glycoconjugates undergo during development and aging of the nervous system and the roles they have in neurological disease. New topics include a detailed discussion of cells found within the nervous system, an extensive listing of congenital disorders of glycosylation of both proteins and lipids, the roles of glycans in neuronal axon growth/guidance and voltage-gated channels, the role of intra-lysosomal luminal vesicles in lysosomal storage disorders, and, in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of carbohydrates in infection by SARS-CoV-2. The breadth and depth of topics covered make this an essential reference for those new to the field as well as for more experienced investigators.

Biotic stresses cause yield loss of 31-42% in crops in addition to 6-20% during post-harvest stage. Understanding interaction of crop plants to the biotic stresses caused by insects, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and  oomycetes, etc. is important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in technical crops is imperative for addressing FHEE (food, health, energy and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing have facilitated precise information about the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to biotic stresses.The 15 chapters dedicated to 13 technical crops and 2 technical crop groups in this volume will deliberate on different types of biotic stress agents and their effects on and interaction with crop plants; will enumerate on the available genetic diversity with regard to biotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate on the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; will brief on the classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; will enunciate the success stories of genetic engineering for developing biotic stress resistant varieties; will discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying biotic stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; will enunciate on different emerging genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery and gene pyramiding for developing resistant crop varieties with higher quantity and quality; and will also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating disease and insect resistant crops. 

This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the field of biomedical engineering, with a special emphasis on results achieved in Vietnam and neighboring low- and middle-income countries. Covering both fundamental and applied research, and focusing on the theme of ¿Translational Healthcare Technology from Advanced to Low and Middle Income Countries in the Era of Covid and Digital Transformation¿, it reports on the design, fabrication, and application of low-cost and portable medical devices, biosensors, and microfluidic devices, on improved methods for biological data acquisition and analysis, on nanoparticles for biological applications, and on new achievements in biomechanics, tissue engineering, and regeneration. It describes the developments of molecular and cellular biology techniques, neuroengineering techniques, and statistical and computational methods, including artificial intelligence, for biomedical applications. It also discusses strategies to addresssome relevant issues in biomedical education and entrepreneurship. Gathering the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on The Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam, BME 9, held on December 27-29, 2022, in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, the book offers important answers to current challenges in the field and a source of inspiration for scientists, engineers, and researchers with various backgrounds working in different research institutes, companies, and countries.

This book showcases the latest trends and innovations in the field of Green Building, covering topics from research and design to innovative practices and challenges. It is a compilation of communication papers presented at the 2023 International Conference on Green Building (ICoGB 2023), a leading annual event that focuses on sharing and discussing developments in this field. Green Building principles constitute key aspects to achieve the sustainable development goals. This conference is dedicated to providing a platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, and scholars to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research and to discuss the challenges encountered as well as the solutions adopted. ICoGB 2023 was organized in Malmo, Sweden, during May 19¿21, 2023. The target audience are all professionals in the building design and construction fields, such as architects, engineers, scholars, researchers, builders, promoters, among others.

This book delves into the multifaceted world of sleep apnea, presenting the latest advancements, challenges, and perspectives in the field. The book covers various topics, including neuro-stimulator use, positive airway pressure therapies, non-PAP and non-surgical treatments, surgical interventions, diagnosis and management of various sleep apnea phenotypes and comorbidities, and special populations such as pediatric and intensive care unit patients. The book discusses the pathophysiology and mechanisms underlying sleep apnea, examining the role of circulating miRNA as a potential biomarker for diagnosis. It also addresses the adverse health consequences associated with sleep apnea, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension. Furthermore, the book explores the application of telemedicine and wearable technologies in diagnosing and treating sleep apnea, as well as the impact of external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and traffic safety concerns related to sleep deprivation and sleep disorders. The book also highlights the importance of perioperative assessment and management of patients with sleep disorders, the role of REM sleep in sleep disorders, recent advances in sleep during pregnancy and postpartum, and the influence of sleep disturbances on hospitalized and intensive care unit patients. With contributions from experts in the field, this book offers valuable insights into the current state of sleep apnea research and practice, serving as a solid foundation for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students interested in understanding and addressing this prevalent sleep disorder. By providing a comprehensive overview of the field, this book aims to inspire further research and innovation in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of sleep apnea and related sleep disorders.

This book covers broader application of biotechnology for the protection of environment through different bioremediation and biodegradation techniques developed for removal of environmental contaminants including the recently discovered contaminants. The book offers a comprehensive overview of environmental pollutants including their fate, behavior, environmental and associated health risks. It is useful reading material for postgraduate and graduate students of environmental biotechnology, environmental microbiology and ecology. Young researchers also find the chapters useful understanding the latest developments.

The present book entitled, "e;Re-visiting the Rhizosphere Eco-system for Agricultural Sustainability"e; written by experts in the field, provides a comprehensive and consolidated state-of art overview of various aspects of rhizosphere biology, ecology and functioning. The role of rhizosphere microbial diversity in enhancing plant health and plant-microbe beneficial symbioses is discussed. Main topics include the diversity of plant-associated microbes in the rhizosphere, below-ground communication among the plant, soil, insects and microbes, rhizosphere ecosystem functioning, rhizosphere engineering, recruitment of microorganisms in the rhizosphere, mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis, positive interaction of the plants with the beneficial soil microorganisms for inducing the plant growth, conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and modulating several pathways of the plants for the proper establishment and revitalization in the degraded and contaminated soils or negative likes the host-pathogen interactions leading to the disease development in plants. Further chapters focus on the role of signaling during the different stages of the plant-microbe coexistence, in symbiotic or pathogenic relationships, in quorum sensing, microbial signaling and cross-talk, bio-film formation, and antimicrobial peptides. The book also discusses the application of microbes in biodegradation of xenobiotic contaminants, bioremediation of heavy metals, sustainable agriculture and soil health, biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens, and the latest tools of omics which offer pioneering approaches to the exploration of microbial structure and function, secretome, holobiome, below-ground interaction, and microbial cooperation for sustainable food production and enhanced resource acquisition. Descriptions of cutting-edge techniques and novel approaches make this book unique in the area of rhizosphere biology. This is a useful reading material for researchers and students of microbiology, agriculture, ecology, and rhizosphser studies.

As agroecology gains momentum in the international research-for-development arena, there is an urgent need for methods and tools to support the codesign and evaluation of agroecological systems and their transitions. The social and ecological complexity of agroecosystems, their dynamics, uncertainties and sustainability, calls for a holistic, systemic approach to agroecology. As such, several questions arise for example: how do we deal with heterogeneity, landscapes, biodiversity or learning processes in agroecosystems analysis? How do we categorise diversity or analyse trade-offs in social-ecological interactions? How do we conceptualise, codesign and monitor agroecological transitions? This book sets out to answer these questions by building on the valuable ¿classics¿ in agroecology. The book presents a systems perspective that underpins a combination of methodologies, ranging from participatory tools and field observations to mathematical simulation modelling. Researchers, advanced students and transdisciplinary practitioners will find in this book insights and methods to design research and (co-) innovation processes to foster agroecological transitions.

This book provides a scientific and ethical approach to all forms of fraud and misconduct focusing on a scholarly however practice-oriented description of the problems, roots and potential solutions.Organized in dedicated parts, an international team of experts systematically analyzes the most prevalent forms of misconduct, ghost writing, pseudo-science, dubious trials, predatory journals, fake news, mistreatment and harassment, in research, publications, at academic institutions, and in the professional and healthcare environment. A special focus is given to corrective interventions and the role of prevention, education and training. Comprehensive in its scope, the book offers an easy-to-read overview along with a number of real cases for experienced and novice personnel alike. The significance of scientific integrity and research ethics increased during the last couple of years and ethic committees and offices have become an integral part at universities, hospitals, research institutions, government agencies and major private organizations all over the world. Thus, this book provides an indispensable, comprehensive overview across disciplines and for everybody working in research and affiliated institutions.