Biovidenskab: generelle emner

This edited book brings out comprehensive insights on agro-forestry systems to cope up climate change globally. The main essence of this book is to unfurl the positive sides of agri-silvipastoral system to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and temperature. Agro-forestry can be defined as the farming practice combining field crops, perennial trees and livestock. The impact of agro-forestry on ecology is implacable which is thoroughly discussed under different heads in this book. In addition, the book is bundle of different novel sections including tables, graphical representation, and figures showcasing the bright side of agro-forestry system. Furthermore, trees which are important component of boosting socio-economic conditions, especially for the indigenous populations have also been discussed meticulously. Hence, all together this book deciphers an account of agro-forestry practices in society and environment along with the major pros- and cons- of the system. Undoubtedly, this information could enrich the scholarly knowledge for graduate research fellows, teachers, scientists, researchers, and environmentalists in gaining multifaceted information of agro-forestry system in both ecological and economical aspects. Different research highlights will be helpful for the policy makers to implement this novel practice in intensive production systems and harness the maximum benefits out of this.

The book deals with the pricing of ecosystem services provided by agriculture. All provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services are being covered in this title. Chapters in this contributed volume cover topics such as pricing of services from the soil, water, and nutrient management. Quantified monetary values of carbon sequestration and renewable energy applications in agriculture are covered with clear-cut methodologies. This book also links ecosystem service-based pricing with crop insurance. Improving the farmers' livelihood is the central goal of the agricultural production system throughout the world. Under the climate change context, farms' produce is now climate-vulnerable and heavily dependent on weather conditions. Moreover, we often neglect the contribution of several positive impacts of agricultural practices on ecosystems and natural resources. Therefore, there is a need to quantify and value these ecosystem services in agriculture. However, valuation and pricing the services in agriculture both tangible and intangible is a challenge. It is necessary to have clear-cut methodologies for pricing ecosystem services of agriculture in terms of net monetary benefits. The ecosystem service-based pricing could be a solid basis for calculating the insurance to farmers in case of occurrence of natural hazard and associated crop damage.This book is of interest to scholars, teachers, researchers, environmental scientists, watershed managers, capacity builders, and policymakers. The book also serves as effective reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture economics, ecology, agronomy, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be useful.

The Pocket Gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Utah ; University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Vol. 1 No. 1, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus Myotis, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Pleistocene Pocket Gophers From San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

This volume will serve as a guide for students in the field of neurobiology, and be a bridge between basic science researchers, doctors, and surgeons in clinical practice. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neurobiology: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume provides readers with a broad collection of theoretical, computational, and experimental methods to quantitatively study the properties of phase-separate biomolecular condensates in diverse systems. The chapters in this book cover topics such as theoretical and computational methods; methods for in vitro characterization of biomolecular condensates; and techniques that enable in-cell characterization of biomolecular condensates. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and expert tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and thorough, Phase-Separated Biomolecular Condensates: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that helps researchers learn and use established methods to study both biophysical properties and biological functions of biomolecular condensates. 

This volume provides a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary approaches for studying RNA structure and dynamics, including detailed accounts of experimental and computational procedures. Chapters guide readers through cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, single-molecule Forster Energy transfer, X-ray free electron laser,  atomic force microscopy, computational simulation, and prediction.  Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, RNA Structure and Dynamics aims to be a foundation for future studies and to be a source of inspiration for new investigations in the field.  

This volume provides protocols for computational, statistical, and machine learning methods that are mainly applied to the study of metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and disease applications. These techniques support the latest progress in cross-disciplinary research that integrates the different scales of biological complexity. The topics covered in this book are geared toward researchers with a background in engineering, computational analytical, and modeling experience and cover a broad range of topics in computational and machine learning approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Comprehensive and practical, Computational Biology and Machine Learning for Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology is a valuable resource for any researcher or scientist who wants to learn more about the latest computational methods and how they are applied toward the understanding and prediction of complex biology. 

Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Medicine provides a multivariate conceptual framework that allows readers to understand the interconnectivity and interrelations among variables, which maintains the intrinsic precision of statistical theories. With a strong focus on the fundamental concepts of multivariate statistical analysis, the book also gives insight into the applications of multivariate distribution in biomedical fields. In 14 chapters, Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Medicine covers the main topics of multivariate analysis methods widely used in health science research. The content is organized progressively from fundamental concepts to sophisticated methods. It begins with basic descriptive statistics in multivariate analysis and follows with parameter estimation, in addition to the hypothesis testing of a multivariate normal distribution, which has heavy applications in biomedical fields where the relationships among approximately normal variables are of great interest. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, considerable emphasis is placed on explanations and real-world applications of core principles to maintain a good balance between introducing theory and cultivating problem-solving skills. This book is a very valuable reference text for clinicians, medical researchers, and other researchers across medical and biomedical disciplines, all of whom confront increasingly complex statistical methods during the analysis and presentation of their results.

Recent Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Dynamics: Observations and Modelling is a thorough reference guide on the most recent trends and developments in observing and modelling of estuaries and coastal oceans. The coasts cover a diverse range of ecosystems within marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. They are some of the most heavily populated and visited areas and are also some of the most threatened natural habitats. Human activities like sewage discharge, overfishing, navigation channel dredging, land reclamation, the construction of shipping ports and marine plastics are also responsible for coastal pollution and degradation. This book focuses on current studies on sediment transport dynamics and hydrodynamics of these environments and presents thorough case studies that aim to help students and researchers working in the field.

Essential Minerals in Plant-Soil Systems: Coordination, Signaling, and Interaction under Adverse Situations is the first book to encompass these key aspects of plant science, biochemistry, soil science and fertilizer development in a single volume. Describing the micro- and macronutrients in the plant-soil system with the help of suitable illustrations, the book connects all the pieces enabling comprehensive and connected understanding. Sections cover recent advances in the understanding of how plants coordinate the acquisition, transport, signaling, and interaction, and cross-talks between macrö and micro-nutrients in adverse environmental situations. This book is a valuable reference for those putting research into practice in addressing stress situations, as well as providing important foundational insights for further research.

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies, held in Okinawa, Japan, during April 11-12, 2023. The 17 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The papers focus on the latest research that leverages the understanding of key principles, processes, and mechanisms in biological systems for development of novel information and communications technologies (bio-inspired ICT). BICT 2023 will also highlight innovative research and technologies being developed for biomedicine that are inspired by ICT (ICT-inspired biomedicine).

This book presents concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across the fields of physical, environmental, and human geography. It publishes compact refereed monographs under the editorial supervision of an international advisory board with the aim to publish 8 to 12 weeks after acceptance. Volumes are compact, 50 to 125 pages, with a clear focus. The series covers a range of content from professional to academic such as timely reports of state-of-the art analytical techniques, bridges between new research results, snapshots of hot and/or emerging topics, elaborated thesis, literature reviews, and in-depth case studies.The scope of the series spans the entire field of geography, with a view to significantly advance research. The character of the series is international and multidisciplinary and includes research areas such as GIS/cartography, remote sensing, geographical education, geospatial analysis, techniques and modeling, landscape/regionaland urban planning, economic geography, housing and the built environment, and quantitative geography. Volumes in this series may analyze past, present, and/or future trends, as well as their determinants and consequences. Both solicited and unsolicited manuscripts are considered for publication in this series.This book is of interest to a wide range of individuals with interests in physical, environmental, and human geography as well as for researchers from allied disciplines.

This book presents deliberations on molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying the interactions of crop plants to the abiotic stresses caused by heat, cold, drought, flooding, submergence, salinity, acidity, etc., important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding, and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in fruit crops is imperative for addressing FHNEE (food, health, nutrition, energy, and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing in many of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing has provided precise information regarding the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining, and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to abiotic stresses. The seven chapters each dedicated to a fruit crop and a fruit crop group in this volume elucidate different types of abiotic stresses and their effects on and interaction with the crops; enumerate the available genetic diversity with regard to abiotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; present brief on classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; depict the success stories of genetic engineering for developing abiotic stress-resistant crop varieties; discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; enunciate different genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery, and gene pyramiding for developing adaptive crop varieties with higher quantity and quality of yields, and also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating abiotic stress-resistant crops. 

This contributed volume focuses on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and explores the ways in which signaling mechanisms at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels in the blood vessels (vascular) and heart contribute to the underlying causes of development and progression of the CVDs. This volume covers unique topics such as oxidant signaling in vascular and heart diseases and health, cytoskeletal signaling in vascular health and disease, phospholipase signaling in CVDs, lipid signaling in vascular and myocardial health and diseases, and drug discovery in cellular signaling for cardiovascular diseases.This book assembles the most important discoveries made by leaders on the cellular signaling mechanisms operating behind the development and progression of life-threatening CVDs. It is an extremely useful resource for the investigators in the field of CVDs, and opens the discussion for further discovery of efficient management and effective treatment of the CVDs.

The book presents expert assessments of modern opportunities for fisheries and aquaculture in terms of economic efficiency, the state of fishery reservoirs, and the state of ichthyocenoses. The purpose of this book is to provide interested parties (government bodies, representatives of business, science and civil society) with information about modern solutions in the field of aquatic biological resources management, the state of aquatic ecosystems and fish stocks, and modern and promising technologies in aquaculture and fisheries. The book contains an assessment of the state and recommendations for the restoration of natural aquatic ecosystems, an analysis of the state of fisheries and aquaculture in inland waters, taking into account regional characteristics, the development of a methodology for assessing freshwater fish stocks, information on advanced technologies in cage aquaculture in reservoirs and lakes and in circulation systems, data on opportunities for capacity building in small-scale fisheries, and the prospects for establishing a data and information management system for fisheries and aquaculture.

This book demonstrates the measurement, monitoring, mapping and modelling of soil pollution and land resources. This book explores state-of-the-art techniques based on open sources software & R statistical programming and modelling in modern geo-computation techniques specifically focusing on the recent trends in data mining/machine learning techniques and robust modelling in soil resources. Soil and agricultural systems are an integral part of the global environment and human wellbeing, providing multiple goods and services essential for people worldwide and crucial for sustainable development. Soil contamination is an environmental hazard and has become a big issue related to environmental health. The challenge of the twenty-first century is to reduce the contaminant load and bring it to below permissible level. The contamination is not only a problem affecting local environments at the place of occurrence but also spreading to other regions because of easy transportation of pollutants. This leads to direct and indirect contamination of land and aquatic systems, surface water and groundwater, inducing significant risks for natural ecosystems.  In this context, the spatial modelling, prediction, efficient use, risk assessment, protection and management of soil resources in the agriculture system are the key to achieving sustainable development goals and ensuring the promotion of an economically, socially and environmental sustainability future. The aim of this book on soil contaminants and environmental health: application of geospatial technology is to identify the soil and sediment quality, sources of contaminants and risk assessment and focuses on the decision-making and planning point of view through GIS data management techniques. This book covers major topics such as spatial modelling in soil and sediments pollution and remediation; radioactive wastes, microbiology of soil and sediments, soil salinity and sodicity, pollution from landfill sites, soil erosion and contamination from agricultural activities, heavy metal pollution and health risk; environmental impact and risk assessment, sustainable land use, landscape management and governance, soil degradation and risk assessment, agricultural soil pollution, pollution due to urban activities, soil pollution by industrial effluents and solid wastes, pollution control and mitigation in extreme environments. The content of this book is of interest to researchers, professionals and policy-makers whose work is in soil science and agriculture practices. The book equips with the knowledge and skills to tackle a wide range of issues manifested in geographic data, including those with scientific, societal and environmental implications.

This contributed volume investigates several mathematical techniques for the modeling and simulation of viral pandemics, with a special focus on COVID-19.  Modeling a pandemic requires an interdisciplinary approach with other fields such as epidemiology, virology, immunology, and biology in general.  Spatial dynamics and interactions are also important features to be considered, and a multiscale framework is needed at the level of individuals and the level of virus particles and the immune system.  Chapters in this volume address these items, as well as offer perspectives for the future.

This book explores connections between music, neural activations and brain plasticity, in order to better understand its associated psychological and physiological effects. The final goal is to focus on the positive effects of music to treat neurological disorders, establishing a new co-ordination between different brain areas to improve both mental illness and wellbeing. A secondary goal is to analyse the role of music at a psycho-sociological level, to understand both the transformation of music into a cultural model and the vision of music as an innate instinct.Music is able to create both emotions and volitional processes. The application of new neuroimaging techniques allows us to explore and evaluate with accuracy what happens in our brain during the creative and artistic performance. A wide range of brain regions are recruited for creative tasks, and music has the opportunity to help in enhance and reset some brain pathological disturbances being also able to ameliorate and restore some rhythmic body activities such as sleep, movement and co-ordination.The book represents a valuable and innovative tool both for neurologists as well as healthcare professionals involved in the management of neurological disorders.

Impossible Monsters is the captivating story of the discovery of the dinosaurs and how it upended our understanding of the origins of the world.'An astonishing book about an extraordinary subject' PETER FRANKOPAN'As thrilling as it is sweeping' TOM HOLLAND'This book dazzles in its originality . . . a triumph' SATHNAM SANGHERAIn 1811, a twelve-year-old girl uncovered some strange-looking bones in Britain's southern shoreline. They belonged to no known creature and were buried beneath a hundred feet of rock. Over the next two decades, as several more of these 'impossible monsters' emerged from the soil, the leading scientists of the day were forced to confront a profoundly disturbing possibility: the Bible, as a historical account of the Earth's origins, was wildly wrong.This is the dramatic story of the crisis that engulfed science and religion when we discovered the dinosaurs. It takes us into the lives and minds of the extraordinary men and women who made these heretical discoveries, those who resisted them, as well as the pioneering thinkers, Darwin most famous among them, who took great risks to construct a new account of the earth's and mankind's origins.Impossible Monsters is the riveting story of a group of people who not only thought impossible things but showed them to be true. In the process they overturned the literal reading of the Bible, liberated science from the authority of religion and ushered in the secular age.'Truly marvellous ... an intellectual thriller' RICHARD HOLMES'A stunning work ... of surprises and revelations' STEVE BRUSATTE*Chosen by the Times Literary Supplement, Waterstones and Bloomberg as a Book of the Year 2024*

This book addresses and dissects the roles and crosstalk mechanisms for the 48 human nuclear receptors (NR) in human health and disease. After a State-of-the-Art introduction by an undisputed and celebrated field leader to provide an overview of the field and its significance, chapters are organized into six sections. The first three sections discuss NR roles in Reproduction & Development, Metabolism and Central Systems. These present to the reader our current understanding of NR signaling in the development and functioning of the reproductive system; the roles in the regulation of energy metabolism; and how NR signaling is more widely integrated into systemic functions from calcium flux to circadian rhythm. The subsequent three sections dissect how aberrant NR functions drive Cancer; how new insights into Genomic Interaction are helping to reveal how NR disruption drives disease; and finally, how Translational Efforts are exploiting this understanding from developing novel NR ligands to establishing how underlying genetic variation impacts NR function. Within these sections the chapters also illustrate emerging understanding of how the epigenome and non-coding genome combine to regulate NR function and impact dysfunction. Increasingly these insights cross-fertilize over cell and disease boundaries and it is unsurprising that NR are being explored in novel and new arenas such as the context of neurological disorders and depression. Thus, there is wide scope for re-purposing of licensed drugs and development of new NR-targeting therapies for a host of conditions and diseases. This unique book brings together many of the leading figures in NR research from across the globe, to discuss emerging roles and their implications for human health and disease. It summarizes the state of the art and shows signposts for future research to further shape this influential field.

This book covers several innovative alternative livelihoods based on mangrove floral resources with their respective SWOT analysis. True mangrove flora and their associates in Indian Sundarbans are noted for their wide spectrum of ecosystem services in which livelihoods of the region are one of the most important components. Many alternative mangrove-centric livelihoods are in the pipeline of startup. However, due to difficulty in marketing and lack of clarity over ownership of natural resources, the values of the mangrove-based products have not been fully realized. Natural resources of several categories in Indian Sundarbans like oysters, seaweeds, medicinal mangrove flora, vitamin-rich mangrove fruits, etc. are still lying untapped. These untapped resources have been spun with the livelihood sectors of the Sundarban people backed up with sound business models to make the venture sustainable. The carbon foot prints associated with each of these livelihoods have been studied in details and steps have been suggested for net zero carbon livelihood programmes along with their sustainability. The book provides the readers about several mangrove-based cutting-edge researches and technologies in the domain of climate resilient livelihood, which if implemented can lead to food and economic security of the region.

Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch. Bei der Suche nach neuen Wirtschaftsformen richten sich viele Hoffnungen auf die Circular Economy und Bioökonomie. Beiden wird das Potenzial zugesprochen, die Natur mit ihren Ressourcen zu schützen und gleichzeitig wirtschaftliches Wachstum zu ermöglichen. Welche Vorstellungen aber wirken in ihrem Hintergrund? Bei beiden Konzepten spielen die ¿Kreisläufe der Natur¿ eine wesentliche Rolle. In manchen Denkschulen der Circular Economy sind sie ein Vorbild, nach dem Wirtschaftsprozesse gestaltet werden sollen. In der Bioökonomie sind sie ¿die¿ Grundlage des Wirtschaftens. Dieses ¿Weltbild der Circular Economy und Bioökonomie¿ ist Thema des vorliegenden Buches.

This book provides a holistic evidence-based perspective on conceptual, clinical, assessment, and treatment aspects of key non-substance-based addictive disorders related to: gambling, gaming, social media, smartphone, internet, love, sex, exercise, work, and shopping. Each chapter focuses on a different addictive disorder and is structured in a user-friendly way to enable the reader fast navigation, yet the main aspects of the respective disorders are covered in the necessary depth. All in all, this book offers a timely, self-contained introduction to both key concepts and the latest scientific developments in behavioral addictions. It addresses mental health practitioners, researchers in psychology, neuroscience and communication, and undergraduate and postgraduate students alike.