Biovidenskab: generelle emner

The three-dimensional structure and function of molecules present many challenges and opportunities for developing an understanding of biological systems. With the increasing availability of molecular structures and the advancing accuracy of structure predictions and molecular simulations, the space for algorithmic advancement on many analytical and predictive problems is both broad and deep. To support this field, a rich set of methods and algorithms are available, addressing a variety of important problems such as protein-protein interactions, the effect of mutations on protein structure and function, and protein structure determination. Despite recent advancements in the field, in particular in protein folding with the development of AlphaFold, many problems still remain unsolved.In this book we focus on a number of topics in Structural Bioinformatics: Cryo-EM structural detection, protein conformational exploration, elucidation of molecular binding surface using geometry, the effect of mutations, insertions and deletions on protein structural stability, and protein-ligand binding.

To date, processing of high-throughput Mass Spectrometry (MS) data is accomplished using serial algorithms. Developing new methods to process MS data is an active area of research but there is no single strategy that focuses on scalability of MS based methods.  Mass spectrometry is a diverse and versatile technology for high-throughput functional characterization of proteins, small molecules and metabolites in complex biological mixtures. In the recent years the technology has rapidly evolved and is now capable of generating increasingly large (multiple tera-bytes per experiment) and complex (multiple species/microbiome/high-dimensional) data sets. This rapid advance in MS instrumentation  must  be matched by equally fast and rapid evolution of scalable methods developed for analysis of these complex data sets. Ideally, the new methods should leverage the rich heterogeneous computational resources available in a ubiquitous fashion in the form of  multicore,  manycore,  CPU-GPU, CPU-FPGA, and IntelPhi architectures.  The absence of these high-performance computing algorithms now hinders scientific advancements for mass spectrometry research. In this book we illustrate the need for high-performance computing algorithms for MS based proteomics, and proteogenomics and showcase our progress in developing these high-performance algorithms.

Den største historie er en fortælling, der svarer på det allerstørste spørgsmål, som et barn kan stille – og som de færreste voksne tør prøve at svare på.11-årige Ava stiller altid mange spørgsmål, men en dag finder hun på det største, hun har stillet indtil nu: Hvad er et menneske? Heldigvis kender hun en, der kan hjælpe hende med at svare. Johan Olsen hedder han. Han er videnskabsmand og bor i lejligheden ved siden af Avas, hvor han har masser af fossiler og bøger og en stjernekikkert, der peger op mod himlen. Johan ved, hvordan man kan svare på Avas spørgsmål, og de to naboer tager ud på en meget virkelig fantasirejse sammen, der både byder på Big Bang, livets oprindelse, de første dyr på land, masseuddøen, dybhavet, de første aber – og selvfølgelig kage.Johan ved, at de må rejse tilbage til altings begyndelse. Dengang, der endnu ikke fandtes tid og rum; dengang al energi i universet var samlet i et punkt, der var mindre end spidsen af din lillefinger. De må opleve, hvordan det er gået til, at der overhovedet findes NOGET. Hvordan noget af det er blevet til stjerner og planeter. Hvordan noget er blevet levende, hvordan noget af det levende er blevet til dyr, og hvordan nogle af de dyr med tiden er blevet til mennesker.Den største historie er en nyskabende, visuelt fortalt faktafortælling for børn. I hvert kapitel oplever vi et vigtigt moment i universets og livets tilblivelse – afgørende øjeblikke, hvor noget nyt tager form, og hvor alt er på spil.Samtidig med bogen udkommer Den største historie som podcastserie – den måske mest ambitiøse, der endnu er produceret til danske børn. Serien distribueres af podcastpionererne Third Ear. Den er produceret af Julie Bang for Monomono med Johan Olsen som bærende fortæller og 13årige Kamille Winsløv Wied som “Ava”.

This contributed book is based on the current status of biodiversity in India, issues and challenges faced by the authorities involved in conservation efforts, and the imperative role of various direct and indirect stakeholders in biodiversity conservation. The book discusses the current status of different forms of biodiversity in India, challenges faced by stakeholders, issues and reasons for biodiversity losses, and efforts by government through various laws, policies, and programs in a concise and comprehensive manner throughout its many chapters. In this way, readers can access diverse information on Indian biodiversity through this book. It is compiled by leading experts in the field of conservation. In 18 chapters, it covers biodiversity of both fauna and flora, on land and in aquatic ecosystems, legal and policy aspects, as well as innovative conservation tool and techniques. It is useful for undergraduates and graduate students and also educates policy planners, bureaucrats, foresters, and researchers in India and abroad.

Is your mind the same thing as your brain, or are there aspects of mind beyond the brain's biology? This is the mind-body problem, and it has captivated curious minds since the dawn of human contemplation. Today many insist that the mind is completely reducible to the brain. But is that claim justified? In this stimulating anthology, twenty-five philosophers and scientists offer fresh insights into the mind-brain debate, drawing on psychology, neurology, philosophy, computer science, and neurosurgery. Their provocative conclusion? The mind is indeed more than the brain.

This volume provides backgrounds, methods, and troubleshooting for the analysis of circadian rhythms at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels in vertebrates and invertebrates, and also covers light input, sleep, circalunar rhythms, and seasonal rhythms. The chapters in this book discuss behavioral and biological testing, histochemistry, single-cell imaging, electrophysiology, photochemistry, genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, systems biology, chemical biology, and mathematical modeling. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include experimental detail and key advice from the specialists needed to successfully carry out these methods in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Circadian Clocks is a valuable resource for all researchers seeking to learn about established and novel methods in chronobiology, and the molecular mechanisms of the rhythmic control of physiology and behavior.