Levnedsmiddelteknologi

This book presents a comprehensive, integrated view of quality in frozen foods. It addresses quality from a number of perspectives: technological (mechanical and cryogenic methods of freezing); categorical (classification of quality loss); analytical (measurement of quality); theoretical (model building); applied (preventative treatments), and administrative (policy). The book focuses on the principles of freezing and the concepts of quality, and is therefore applicable to research and development of all types of products. Features include: technological and fundamental features of freezing; types of deterioration that occur in frozen foods; treatment to minimize quality losses during freezing and storage; methods to assess quality losses; strategies that impact a frozen product's quality and ultimate consumer acceptance.

The purpose of this publication is to elucidate the biological aspect of the abiotic stress response from the field to the molecular level in horticultural plants. This book is unique in that it concerns the basic aspect of abiotic stress biology and research progress at the molecular level in model plants or major field crops, as it focuses mainly on the abiotic stress response in existing horticultural plants. Many readers interested in plant abiotic stress biology are aware of the application of the latest findings to agricultural production, and this book will have a special appeal for those readers. The book will be of interest to scientists and graduate students who are involved in the research, development, production, processing, and marketing of horticultural products, including those in developing countries who are interested in high tech and advanced science in this field. The application of the latest findings to agricultural production is particularly useful.Stress tolerance mechanisms in horticultural crops are gaining importance, because most agricultural regions are predicted to experience considerably more extreme environmental fluctuations due to global climate change. Further, because of recent progress in next-generation sequencing technologies, the postgenomic era is impending not only in model plants and major cereal crops but also in horticultural crops, which comprise a great diversity of species. This book provides information on the physiological aspects of the abiotic stress response in horticultural plants, which is considered essential for postgenomic research.

This is the second volume in a 2-volume compendium that is the go-to source for both research- and practice-oriented information on the importance of branched chain amino acids in maintaining the nutritional status and overall health of individuals, especially those with certain disease conditions.  Over 150 well recognized and respected contributors have come together to compile these up-to-date and well-referenced works. The volumes will serve the reader as the benchmarks in this complex area of interrelationships between dietary protein intakes and individual amino acid supplementation, the unique role of the branched chain amino acids in the synthesis of brain neurotransmitters, collagen formation, insulin and glucose modulation and the functioning of all organ systems that are involved in the maintenance of the body's metabolic integrity.  Moreover, the physiological, genetic and pathological interactions between plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids are clearly delineated so that students as well as practitioners can better understand the complexities of these interactions.Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition: Volume 2 covers the role of branched chain amino acids in healthy individuals, and branched chain amino acid status in disease states, liver diseases, and supplementation studies in certain patient populations.

It is generally assumed that microorganisms synthesize, release, detect and respond to small signaling hormone-like molecules. These molecules are used for a process termed "e;quorum sensing"e; (QS), a phenomenon that enables bacteria to sense when the minimal number of cells, or "e;quorum,"e; is achieved for a concerted response to be initiated. Words such as "e;language"e; and "e;behavior"e; are frequently used to depict QS in the literature. More simply put, language and cross-talk between bacteria, and between bacteria and animal or plant hosts, determines the behavior (e.g., beneficial or pathogenic effects) of bacteria. Currently, the major concern is to understand and decode this language. Overall, bacterial cross-talk was mainly studied on environmental, plant, and human pathogenic bacteria. Few studies considered food-related lactic acid bacteria. The cross-talk between bacteria influences the behavior and, in turn, the environmental adaptation and phenotypes. Therefore, it is understood that bacterial cross-talk has important applicative repercussions. The language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem may condition the phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. This Brief aims to define the basis of cell-to-cell signalling in food fermentation and will highlight: (i) microbiology, nutritional, chemical and functional aspects; (ii) functional properties due to microbial adaptation to the gastrointestinal tract; (iii) principal phenotypes under control of QS circuitries; (iv) quorum quenching. This Brief will be the first reference on this topic and it will highlight the main results for a more productive industrial application. Draft content 1. Signals of food related Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria The chapter will describe the different signaling languages used by Gram-negative bacteria (N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones) and Gram-positive bacteria (based on the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides) and the universal chemical lexicon, shared by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (autoinducer-2 through the activity of the LuxS enzyme). 2. Phenotypes related to quorum sensing The chapter will describe the bacterial phenotypes, such as virulence, biofilm maturation, bacteriocin synthesis, and secondary metabolite production under control of QS circuitries. 3. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: sourdough The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (sourdough) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 4. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: yoghurt The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (yoghurt) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 5. Probiotic message at the intra-, inter-species and inter-kingdom level The chapter will describe the mechanisms that regulate the interaction between microorganism and host, and the capacity of the microorganism to adapt to environment. Particular reference will also be made to: (i) pathogen inhibition and restoration of microbial homeostasis through microbe-microbe interactions; (ii) enhancement of epithelial barrier function; and (iii) modulation of immune responses. 6. New Perspectives of quorum sensing This chapter will provide an overview of the future perspective regarding quorum sensing, showing that bacterial cross-talk may have important applicative repercussions. It will highlight the interference on the language of QS, which is defined as quorum quenching (QQ). Increasing translation of the bacterial cross-talk has shown that in some environmental circumstances, quenching of the language may occur.

The ISEKI-Food book series is a collection where various aspects of food safety and environmental issues are introduced and reviewed by scientists specializing in the field. In all of the books a special emphasis is placed on including case studies applicable to each specific topic. The books are intended for graduate students and senior level undergraduate students as well as professionals and researchers interested in food safety and environmental issues applicable to food safety. "ISEKI-Food" is an acronym for "Integrating Safety and Environmental Knowledge Into Food Studies". Participants in the ISEKI-Food network, coordinated by Professor Cristina Silva at The Catholic University of Portugal, come from 29 countries in Europe and most of the institutes and universities involved with Food Science education at the university level in Europe are represented. Some international companies and non teaching institutions have also participated in the network. The main objectives of ISEKI-Food are to improve the harmonization of studies in food science and engineering in Europe and to develop and adapt food science curricula emphasizing the inclusion of safety and environmental topics.Odors in the Food Industry, the second volume of the ISEKI-Food book series, discusses the diverse questions raised by odors in the food industry and the closely related Volatile Organic Compounds. Topics range from perception of the issue to implementation of regulations, from prevention of the problems to their possible treatment, through specific case studies and analysis methods illustrating the different measurement technologies. The goal is to raise future industrial decision-makers' awareness in odors and air pollution problems and present the appropriate tools to better apprehend and manage odors problems, should they ever be confronted with this type of situation whether as a victim or as a liableactor. About the EditorXavier Nicolay is a head researcher at the environmental department at the Institut Meurice in Brussels, Belgium. About the Series EditorKristberg Kristbergsson is Professor of Food Science at the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition at the University of Iceland, Iceland.

Consumer interest in diet and nutritional supplements is increasing dramatically. This book is designed to meet the needs of those professionals who are called upon to advise patients and the general public. It provides a valuable text for those who are researchers or decision-makers in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The text presents a thorough account of this topical subject and enables the reader to appreciate the functions of nutrients in health and common disease states, to understand the current debates over the roles of nutrients and supplements in the diet, and to answer those questions frequently asked by patients and consumers.

Genetically engineered (GE) foods, sometimes referred to as genetically modified foods (GMO foods), are foods that are derived from scientific methods used to introduce new traits or characteristics to an organism. This book discusses the legislation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified (GM) plants and foods in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, England and Wales, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Russian Federation, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, and the United States. The European Union and International Protocols are also examined. This book summarises enacted laws on the cultivation and sale of GMOs, as well as public opinion on GM products. A selected bibliography is included. Furthermore, the book examines legal issues with federal labeling of GMOs.

STEVIA - Syndigt sød men kernesund, alternativet til sukker og sødemidlerStevia er den søde nydelse uden dårlig samvittighed og dermed et ægte alternativ til sukker og sødestoffer. Stevia er en plante, der oprindelig stammer fra Colombia. Den søder uden kalorier, har ingen bivirkninger og giver vigtige mineraler og vitaminer til styrkelse af immunsystemet. Derfor er Stevia også ideel ved overvægt, diabetes og neurodermitis.De lande, der har haft godkendt Stevia i årtier, har kun de bedste erfaringer. Stevia er et kaloriefrit, naturligt sødemiddel velegnet til diabetikere og til alle, der vil tabe sig og leve sundere. Især for børn, der endnu mere end de voksne er udsat for et for højt sukkerforbrug, er Stevia ideelt, idet det heller ikke skader tænderne. I Japan er nu mere end 40 procent af de anvendte sødestoffer Stevia-produkter. Bogen giver detaljerede oplysninger om historie, forskning, medicin og brug af erfaringerne i andre lande, men den rummer også en opskriftsamling, der viser læseren, hvordan det er muligt at anvende Stevia i den daglige madlavning.Stevia er for nylig blevet godkendt som levnedsmiddel i EU, og Stevia-produkter kan nu frit sælges i Danmark. Denne bog imødekommer et voksende behov for oplysning om Stevia og Stevia-produkter og rummer en mængde opskrifter og værdifulde tips.

Kompendiet er tilbud til ældre studerende, bogorme, nørder og læseheste, der synes, at det kunne være sjovt og interessant at lave deres egen kryddersnaps. Det er en specialitet, som vi kan nyde for dens egen skyld - i modsætning til den almindelige snaps, som traditionelt er indlejret i et frokosthav, der nærmest koger af smagsindtryk. Nydelsen af en velsmagende og rigtigt lavet (og lagret) kryddersnaps placerer den blandt de ædle drikke, såsom cognac, whisky og rom - uden i øvrigt at rynke på næsen af den traditionelle frokostsnaps. Det kræver et vist kendskab til en række forskellige vidensområder, hvis det skal lykkes dig at lave en god kryddersnaps. Det kan du forvisse dig om ved at læse indholdsfortegnelsen. Dem har vi så forsøgt at bringe sammen.

Celebrating the founding of the Flavor Subdivision of the Agriculture and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society, this book provides an overview of progress made during the past 30-40 years in various aspects of flavor chemistry as seen by internationally renowned scientists in the forefront of their respective fields.

Modern winemakers now rely on basic science and xvi Preface xvii the systematic application of their art to produce products pleasing to the increasingly knowledgeable consumer base that enjoys wine as part of its civilized society.

It is a measure of the rapidity of the changes The work has been revised and updated, and taking place in the food industry that yet another following the logic of the flow sheets there is some edition of the Food Industries Manual is required simplification and rearrangement among the chap after a relatively short interval.

The opening review included in The Pineapple: Production, Utilization and Nutritional Properties discusses the fundamental and applied aspects related to production of aroma compounds in pineapple fruit. Using different isolation techniques (vacuum distillation, simultaneous distillation-extraction, solvent extraction, dynamic headspace and headspace solid phase-microextraction), the volatile compounds are analyzed in conjunction, mainly with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Internal browning or blackheart is an important physiological disorder of fresh pineapple fruit occurring during low temperature storage and a limiting factor during export. The authors discuss how phytosanitary treatments including heat, cold, or ionizing radiation can be used to control quarantine pests for market access.Various classes of bioactive metabolites from pineapple reported in the scientific literature (and their nutritional properties) are discussed. The effects of these metabolites on human health are vital, and thus it is extremely important to understand their nutraceutical potential and future applications.Lastly, the authors propose that the incorporation of pineapple peel flour into cooked meat products enhances moisture and texture, and improves probiotic survival during storage. Similarly, the antioxidant capacity of pineapple peel flour enhances lipid rancidity in cooked meat products.

The determination of olive oil authenticity is currently carried out using techniques that provide data regarding its quality, sensory attributes, and composition. Such analytical techniques include: Volatile compound analysis using SPME-GC/MS, stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (SCIRA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), specific natural isotopic fractionation nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF/NMR), proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR/MS), isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS), gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) as well as DNA techniques.

In India and the surrounding countries, turmeric has long been used as a traditional folk medicine for treating and preventing various diseases as well as a spice for culinary purposes. Recent studies have shown that turmeric is effective as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic and anti-myocardial infarction. In South America particularly in Mexico diverse tropical and subtropical fruits can be found. These fruits and herbs have been used as prescriptions for Mexican folk medicine. Among these formulations, mention is made especially of fruits and vegetables having cardiometabolic effects. Arthrospira maxima (spirulina) is generally known as an oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The following chapters describe in detail preventions and treatments concerning medicinal fruits and herbs found in the abovementioned sites: Chapter One: The Phytochemicals and Health Benefits of Curcuma longa Linn. (Turmeric) (Family: Zingiberaceae); Chapter Two: Cardiometabolic Effects of Functional Foods and Phytochemicals within Mexican Folklore Medicine (Part 1); Chapter Three: Cardiometabolic Effects of Functional Foods and Phytochemicals within Mexican Folklore Medicine (Part 2); and Chapter Four: Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina): Protection against Mitomycin C-Induced Dominant Lethal Mutations. These chapters will provide more advanced information to researches in studying new drug designs of phytochemicals.

Recycled Cooking Oil: Processing and Uses reviews the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyamides (PAs), polyurethanes (PUs) and epoxies, along with their potential use as a plasticizer or in composite development. Some recommendations are suggested to rationalize the use of SCO as a low-cost, yet valuable raw material for the production of biomaterials. The authors present the main environmental problems caused by the incorrect disposal of waste cooking oil and possible bioprocesses that can be used for pretreatment and recycling of oil. The following topics are addressed: introduction; incorrect disposal of waste cooking oil and environmental problems; pretreatment of waste oil with the use of microorganisms and the enzyme lipase; recycling of waste cooking oil through the production of biodiesel; and future prospects of waste oil pre-treatment and recycling. Additionally, the use of heterogenous catalysts for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil are reviewed, maintaining that waste cooking oil offers significant potential as an alternative lowcost biodiesel feedstock which could partly decrease the dependency on petroleum-based fuel. Biodiesel is explored as a waste cooking oil with untapped potential that can be utilized to produce various useful products. The challenges of finding more efficient separation of products, simpler processes, lower energy consumption, and continuous pilot plant trials for processes that are still in their infancies are examined. Special attention is paid to the development of acid catalysts that can be recovered and reused in the WCO esterification reactions. The authors hope that this work can significantly contribute to the improvement of this important research field.

The Diversified Benefits of Cocoa and Chocolate begins with an analysis of Theobroma cacao L, a species that is cultivated for butter and chocolate production. This fruit is a drupe comprised of a husk, mucilage and seed, with the potential for each one of these parts to be used for different purposes. Next, a chapter is included which discusses the cocoa plant, contributing to clarifying its phytochemical function and chemical structure. The cocoa plant produces purine type alkaloids or methylxanthines, fatty acids, amines, polyamine and derivates, and polyphenols, each one of them having a specific function in the plant. A separate chapter discusses probiotics, live microorganisms; which when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefit to the host. Probiotics are available in the form of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements. The authors discuss the definition and properties of probiotics, their survival factors, as well as the potential health effect of probiotic strains. The authors go on to highlight the versatility, nutritional and culinary practices of cacao, chocolate and copulate, as well as the use of both products as elements in the sweet and savory cuisine. The authors go on to maintain that due to their versatility, byproducts prepared with Theobroma cacao and grandiflorum are traditional, contemporary in a variety of beautiful and fancy dishes in the gourmet cuisine. Couverture, powder, liquor, nibs, and butter are essential in the preparation of gourmet food. The versatility, nutritional and culinary practices of cacao, chocolate and copulate are highlighted, in addition to the use of both products as elements in the sweet and savory cuisine. Later, the different available methodologies for analysis, quantification, isolation, purification, and structure elucidation of polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa-derived products are reviewed. Taking into account that there is evidence that demonstrates that the bioactivity of flavanols is significantly influenced by their stereochemical configuration, enantioselective methods have also been included such as chiral capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The authors state that about forty million people die annually as a consequence of noncommunicable diseases accounting for approximately 70% of all death globally. Therefore, the current research concerning the benefits of dark chocolate regarding noncommunicable diseases and the associated risk factors is examined. Following this, a study carried out in the Fako division is presented. The principal objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic diversity and biomass quantity of three different categories of cocoa agro forest, and the plot or quadrate method was used to collect the floristic data. A subsequent chapter introduces chocolate as a cocoa carrier of probiotics and bioactive whey protein hydrolysate. This research examined the influence of additional ingredients on the functional properties and rheology of the final product. The potential health benefits of cocoa and dark chocolate are discussed. It is clearly demonstrated that cocoa components have an important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective role in pathologies, including: cognitive impairment, inflammatory bowel disease, dental health, skin photo-protection and cancer. Another study is included with the objective of exploring the potential of NIR usage for monitoring the cocoa powder and sugar mixtures composition. Based on the obtained results, NIRs analysis in combination with the PCA and the PLS has proved to be an adequate, fast and non-invasive method for the cocoa powder drink mix composition prediction. A separate study attempts to confirm the relationship between increased pollinator abundance and higher yields of cocoa pods at one locality in Costa Rica. While cocoa pollination can depend upon a diverse array of ceratopogonid midges, in this study, one species Forcipomyia youngii, dominated the samples. Research is included with the aim of assessing the proteins contents, digestibility, and amino acid profile of the milled cocoa bean husks from the roasted cocoa, and to propose it as an ingredient for PKU food formulations. The authors determine that Cocoa can be used as a raw material in products destined for special regimes, after verification of its microbiological safety. The final study examined and compared the content of total polyphenols, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese), total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber in in different chocolate products collected from the market.

Not only does this book discuss the basic ingredients traditionally used in meat products, but also emerging ingredients where research work is still being done. The chemistry of each ingredient is presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

Ved Sallinge på Fyn ligger en vandmølle og det har der gjort i snart 1000 år. Ved hjælp af de historiske kilder følges liv og levned på møllen gennem omskiftelige århundreder - til tider med kaos og krig, andre gange med velstand og opgangstider.

Redigeret af Vibeke Asmussen Frank og Helle Vibeke DahlHvad er forbindelserne mellem kriminalitet og illegale rusmidler? Umiddelbart tror vi, at de er oplagte: Stofferne er ulovlige, fordi de er farlige. Når man er afhængig af fx heroin, fører forbruget til berigelseskriminalitet. Og de mange penge, som er involveret i salg af illegale stoffer, fører til organiseret kriminalitet.Men den samfundsmæssige kriminalisering af rusmidler som heroin, kokain og cannabis er ikke blot udtryk for en logik, de forholder sig til visse rusmidlers sundhedsmæssige skadevirkninger. Kriminaliseringen er også et udtryk for både politiske og samfundsmoralske standpunkter, der har ændret sig meget over tid, og som har foranlediget en række offentlige tiltag over for rusmiddelproblematikker. Det drejer sig både om kontrolindsatser, men også om forebyggende og behandlingsindsatser.Kriminaliseringen skaber dermed også kategorier som narkoman, stofmisbruger, bagmand, pusher, behandlingstrængende og kriminel. Kategorier, der skaber identiteter, som kan være belastende for den enkelte og svære at slippe af med igen.I Kriminalitet og illegale rusmidler gennemgår forfatterne både teoretiske, politiske og historiske perspektiver på de komplekse relationer mellem kriminalitet og rusmidler. Bogen viser, at kriminalisering af rusmidler har både tilsigtede og utilsigtede samfundsmæssige konsekvenser.1. bind: Kriminalitet og illegale rusmidler2. bind: Cannabis - forbrug, interventioner og marked i Danmark (2012)3. bind: Misbrugsbehandling. Organisering, indsatser og behov (2014)4. bind: Rus og afhængighed (2015)

Høj, skæv eller stenet. Op imod halvdelen af alle danskere har oplevet en cannabisrus, og siden 1960'erne har cannabis været det mest udbredte illegale rusmiddel i Danmark. Det skyldes ikke mindst, at cannabis har haft ry for at være relativt mildt og harmløst. I de seneste 5-10 år er der dog kommet et øget fokus på, at rusen kan vare ved i form af psykiske, fysiske og sociale skader.Cannabis belyser, hvordan vi som samfund forholder os til cannabis, og undersøger betydningen af den skærpede, og overvejende negative, opmærksomhed på cannabis. Danmark har indført en nultolerancepolitik for besiddelse og brug af rusmidlet, strafferamen er blevet udvidet, cannabis sidestilles nu med "hårde" stoffer som heroin, kokain og amfetamin, og mange er begyndt at søge behandling for deres misbrug. Alligevel rykker rusen i flere end nogensinde før, især i de unge.Bogen er baseret på empirisk forskning og undersøger både antropologisk, kriminologisk, psykologisk og sociologisk, hvordan samfundets nye indstilling til cannabis kommer til udtryk.Bogen er andet bind i serien Samfund og rusmidler. Tidligere er udkommet Kriminalitet og illegale rusmidler.

På baggrund af interviews, deltagerobservationer og spørgeskemaer kortlægger bogens artikler det komplekse sociale spil omkring brugen af rusmidler. Undersøgelserne viser, at unge bruger deres fest- og drikkepraksis til at iscenesætte et tilhørsforhold til bestemte vennegrupper og værdier - og lægge afstand til andre. Bogen fokuserer desuden på emner som børn og forældres forhandlinger af regler vedrørende alkohol, den sociale dynamik i misbrugsramte familier og betydningen af rusmiddelguiders sprogbrug.Bogen samler den nyeste viden fra Aarhus Universitets Center for Rusmiddelforskning og vil være værdifuld læsning for både socialarbejdere, undervisere og interesserede forskere.