Materialelære

'A compelling narrative of the human story' TIM MARSHALL, author of Prisoners of Geography'Lively, rich and exciting... full of surprises' PETER FRANKOPAN, author of The Silk Roads_____________Sand, salt, iron, copper, oil and lithium. They built our world, and they will transform our future.These are the six most crucial substances in human history. They took us from the Dark Ages to the present day. They power our computers and phones, build our homes and offices, and create life-saving medicines. But most of us take them completely for granted.In Material World, Ed Conway travels the globe - from the sweltering depths of the deepest mine in Europe, to spotless silicon chip factories in Taiwan, to the eerie green pools where lithium originates - to uncover a secret world we rarely see. Revealing the true marvel of these substances, he follows the mind-boggling journeys, miraculous processes and little-known companies that turn the raw materials we all need into products of astonishing complexity.As we wrestle with climate change, energy crises and the threat of new global conflict, Conway shows why these substances matter more than ever before, and how the hidden battle to control them will shape our geopolitical future. This is the story of civilisation - our ambitions and glory, innovations and appetites - from a new perspective: literally from the ground up.

With extensive research, real-world examples, and hands-on applications, this go-to guide offers a comprehensive look at the principles and practices of biochar--and all of its world-changing uses. Like many human discoveries, biochar has likely been invented, lost, and reinvented multiple times. It can be found in the rich terra preta soils of the Amazon and in the ancient "dark earths" dotting Africa, Asia, and Europe. However, biochar isn't just an archeological curiosity. In The Biochar Handbook, author Kelpie Wilson argues that the simple process of burning organic material in a low-oxygen, low-emission environment could be one of the most powerful tools we have to restore degraded soils and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. In accessible and authoritative prose, Wilson demonstrates that biochar is a low-tech but effective means of reducing wildfire risks, restoring soil carbon, managing manure, weaning farms off of toxic inputs, and producing the best compost ever made. In this book, you'll also find: A pocket history of biochar Step-by-step instructions on making biochar for yourself Applications for soil water retention, pest deterrence, compost enhancement, and more Inspiring examples of ecosystem restoration and improved forest management Low-cost recipes, including Cultured Biochar and Sustainable Potting Soil Wilson makes a compelling case that biochar is both simple to make and a potent solution to a host of knotty problems, both global and close to home. Whether you're a gardener, homesteader, rancher, commercial farmer, permaculturalist, or forest manager, this book will show you how to put biochar to work, making you and your community more resilient as a result.

Anvendt elektroteknik – forsyningsanlæg til elektriske installationer er en lærebog, der retter sig mod studerende, som ønsker at opnå kompetencer inden for højspændingsteknik.Bogen har særlig fokus på, at læseren får et overblik og kan se den systematik, der er fælles for transmissionsnettet og distributionsnettet.Anvendt elektroteknik – forsyningsanlæg til elektriske installationer gør sig fri af specifikke typer effektafbrydere og behandler mere generelle indstillinger. Bogen benytter impedansmetoden, der er en enkel metode og sikker nok til at foretage beregninger af kortslutningerne på 10 kV eller 20 kV niveau, samt på lavspændingsnettet.Bogen er målrettet de videregående tekniske uddannelser, især elinstallatøruddannelsen og maskinmesteruddannelsen, men kan også anvendes som håndbog af elrådgivere. Bogen er tillige rettet mod at opnå læringsmål svarende til el-autorisationsprøvens første opgave. Den er skrevet som et værktøj, der øger analyseniveauet hos de teknikere, elektrikere og el-ansvarligere, der arbejder med sikkerhed i elinstallationer, som er påvirket af højspændingsnettet.

Her findes alt hvad der er værd at vide om stationære og mobile hydrauliske systemer. Enhver tekniker der har behov for at dimensionere, bygge, vedligeholde eller blot forstå hydraulik, vil have stort udbytte af denne bog.Bogen gennemgår den grundlæggende matematik, fysik, hydrostatik og -dynamik samt diverse trykmedier og filtreringsteknik. Komponenter som aktuatorer, ventiler, pumper, pumpestationer, akkumulatorer og forbindelseselementer behandles i særskilte kapitler, der giver mange konkrete eksempler på anvendelser af de mange forskellige typer. Bogen omhandler også systemprojektering og forskellige former for styresystemer. Men også den relaterede elektroteknik og elektronik behandles udførligt. Måleteknik, støj og vibrationer og ikke mindst de dynamiske forhold samt reguleringsteknikken, med mange eksempler på systemopbygninger, får en grundig behandling.Bogen arbejder konsekvent i SI-enheder, men er udstyret med omfattende omregningstabeller, så alle kan være med. Bogen er skrevet af fagfolk, der har indgående kendskab til både teori og praksis

The book focuses on the interplay between nanoparticles and biological systems. Topics covered include the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials in tissue engineering; the interaction of nanoparticles with macromolecules; biomedical and food science applications; the cardiovascular toxicity of nanoparticles; colon targeted nano drug delivery systems; the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of nanoparticles; plasmon-enhanced biosensing applications; strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility of nanoparticles; the environmental impact of nanoparticles; as well as the intricate dynamics between nanoparticles and living organisms.

The book presents recent developments in the field of thermoelectric polymers and polymer composites. It focuses on the link between thermoelectric characteristics and material structure. Topics covered include chemical composition, microstructure, dopants, doping levels, methods of fabrication, thermoelectric effect, thermoelectric device conversion efficiency, and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers.

Nanoferrites for Emerging Environmental Applications discusses the synthesis and structure of nanoferrites, as well as their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. This book also provides a detailed discussion of the use of nanoferrites for various environmental applications, such as for water and air pollution detection and remediation. This book covers almost every aspect of nanoferrites for environmental applications and will be of great use to researchers working in multidisciplinary areas. Nanoferrites’ superior electronic, optical, and magnetic properties make them promising agents in a wide spectrum of applications. After looking at the fundamentals of nanoferrites, this book proceeds to analyze their application in a comprehensive range of environmental applications. Topics covered include wastewater treatment, the removal of heavy metal ions, remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants, and their use in the detection and remediation of both air and solid pollution. Future opportunities for research are also addressed.

Nature-Derived Sensors: Basic Principles and Recent Advances offers a wide range of information on nature-inspired solutions for modern sensor technology. A branch of biomimetics science, biomimetic sensors, and sensing technologies have grown rapidly and widely and therefore have found real industrial applications as emerging technologies. As a result of the demand for low-cost, high-quality, and smart sensors, challenges across many scientific fields can be resolved by learning from nature solutions. This book begins with an introductory section dealing with fundamental and basic information about biomimetic mechanisms, materials, algorithms, and tools. Various classes of nature-inspired sensors are also discussed. This book is an excellent reference for graduate students and researchers working with biomimetic sensors, their industrial applications, data science, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things in the processing of sensory data.

In the continuous pursuit of optimizing performance, development of advanced materials with highly specific properties has consistently been a critical component of aerospace engineering’s research. Aerospace Materials: Novel Technologies and Practical Applications puts strong emphasis on updating existing knowledge of a wide range of functional and structural materials and contextualizing it for industrial practice.The volume not only comprehensively covers different classes of materials, while providing an overview of each material’s mechanical and physical properties, as well as processing and testing, but also offers state-of-the-art guidance on their commercial use in the sector. Furthermore, it looks ahead to clarify what’s still needed to adapt traditional and novel materials to ever-changing aerospace technologies and related pressing sustainability challenges.The breadth of technical expertise that this international group of researchers provides proves to be an invaluable asset for users in academia and established professionals alike.

Advancements in Nanotechnology for Food and Packaging explores current trends, advances and associated challenges of the applications of nanotechnology in the food sectors, such as the fabrication and characterization of functional food, developments and shelf-life extension. This book is organized into 16 chapters that cover the main concepts related to the use of nanotechnology in food processing, packaging and monitoring. Coverage includes food functionalization, quality management and control, food sensory, membrane filtration technology, nanotechnology-based sensors, sustainable packaging, regulatory aspects, and much more. This book an essential resource for materials and food scientists, technologists, researchers, academics and professionals working in nanotechnology and food science.

Nanocarbon polymer biocomposites have gained increased attention from both researchers and manufacturers due to the significant improvement in their physico-mechanical, thermal and barrier properties when compared to conventional materials. Their dimensions, biodegradable character, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability are among the main drivers for increasing demand. However, it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion between the carbon filler and matrix as it easily forms agglomerations. Production of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites with high mechanical and thermal properties is also limited, but there has been rapid progress in processing possibilities to produce nanocomposites based on various biodegradable fillers. Advanced Nanocarbon Polymer Biocomposites: Sustainability Towards Zero Biowaste collects all these novel scientific findings in one place. It discusses in detail their physical, chemical, and electrical properties and presents the latest research findings on nanocarbon polymer biocomposites with filler loadings and their improvement on compatibility. The book will be of great interest for those researchers who are concerned with the production and use of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites as a new innovative advanced material.

Distributed Energy Storage Systems for Digital Power Systems offers detailed information of all aspects of distributed energy resources and storage systems, and their integration into modern, digital power systems, supporting higher power systems operational flexibility towards 100% renewable energy integration. Covering fundamentals, analysis, design, and operation, and supported by examples and case studies, the book also examines many new advances in terms of distributed energy storage systems for DER integration, dynamically varying loads of EV charging stations, power quality enhancements, and ancillary services. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and graduate students in energy storage, renewable energy, power systems, and engineering, as well as engineers, R&D, and other industry personnel working with renewable energy systems, energy storage, demand response, and microgrids.

Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery presents a comprehensive overview of the most significant physical and chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. This book reviews targeted and controlled drug delivery systems and how nanocarriers can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of drugs in biological systems, such as increasing utilization rate and reducing toxicity and side effects. After a key introduction to the topic, a range of nanocarrier types is assessed before exploring the clinical translation challenges and considerations involved.This book is a useful resource for researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and medicinal chemistry.

Applications of Composite Materials in Engineering provides an up-to-date review of recent application advancements in different engineering fields. The book concentrates on the availability and utilization of various fibers and reinforcements in composites and analyzes the suitability of them in different engineering and commercial applications. The latest research as well as possible application avenues for the future are discussed in detail.

High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge advances in the field of these materials, covering their mechanics, methods of manufacturing, and applications, all while emphasizing the link between their structure/microstructure and functional properties. The book starts with a section on the fundamentals of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), with chapters discussing their thermodynamics, subgroups (transition metal; refractory; ceramics; metallic glasses and more), physical metallurgy, and microstructural characterization. The next section features chapters which look at manufacturing processes of HEAs, such as liquid metallurgy synthesis, in-situ synthesis, additive manufacturing, machine learning, friction stir welding, and fabrication of coatings for HEAs. The final section of the book covers applications of these materials, including their use as irradiation-resistant structural materials, catalyst materials, electrode materials, HEAs for solid hydrogen storage, and more. The book is a key resource for academic researchers, grad students, and industry professionals working with HEAs across a range of disciplines and applications including aerospace, functional materials, catalyst materials, gas storage, sensing, super-conducting materials, biomedical, civil engineering, energy storage, and energy materials.

Nanocomposites for Environmental, Energy and Agricultural Applications presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments and prospects for nanocomposites in sustainable/green energy production, water/wastewater treatment as well as crop production. Each chapter introduces the fundamental principles as well as the design and characterization of nanocomposites for various applications. This includes detailed discussions of nanocomposites technology, including mixed matrix membranes for water and gas separation, nanohybrid catalysts for organic pollutants degradation and sustainable energy production as well as advanced nanocomposites of different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) for agricultural utilization. The book also discusses the challenges of lab-based research towards industrial implementation and related case studies based on pilot and full-scale processes. At the end of each chapter, future opportunities for improvement will be provided to offer researchers a new research direction. The book will be a practical guide for researchers and scientists working in the fields of nanotechnology and nanomaterials science and technology.

The book provides an overarching perspective on sustainability from a historical, practical and legal perspective. It offers a holistic understanding of economic and ecologic concepts. Schools for sustainable business models are introduced and discussed. As a broader concept Life Cycle Assessments are discussed and examples for their application are provided with a focus on CO2 Footprints. Ecodesign as measures for reducing Carbon Footprints are introduced both for physical products and for service organizations. From an organizational perspective it is clear that managing the reduction of the sustainability-related impact is a matter that has to involve all stakeholders. Tasks for all involved are given and their contributions are described. As it is crucial to provide evidence for the activities reported audits are described as well methods to transfer information to the appropriate stakeholders. The book is targeted at practitioners and students who want to get to know the subject or need to implement the respective measures in companies.

"This book explains how to formulate and solve population balance problems, with particular focus on coupling with fluid mechanics. It will be valuable to researchers across a wide range of fields including chemical and mechanical engineering, physics and environmental science, and can be used for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses"--