Energiteknik

This book approaches biofuels from a new biotechnological perspective with the aim of equipping researchers with a thorough, up-to-date understanding of biofuel research and related technologies. Topics include biomethane, bioethanol, biobutanol, biomass, hydrolysis, bio-oil, microbiology, and many more. Biofuel research has evolved mechanisms to advance their utilization and their application in our system. The chapters will provide concise and up-to-date information to aid our understanding of biotechnology-related implications of biofuels development and its advancements. Readers in the areas of bioengineering, sustainability, renewable energies and biotechnology will find this work useful to widen their knowledge and perspectives on biofuels.

Il presente volume raccoglie numerosi esercizi completamente risolti e commentati. I procedimenti di calcolo sono spiegati dettagliatamente, con richiami alla teoria di base ed alle equazioni che governano i principi della termodinamica. Gli argomenti trattati seguono i programmi dei corsi di Termodinamica Applicata e fanno riferimento a situazioni reali, riscontrabili nelle usuali applicazioni civili e industriali. Si è cercato quindi di evitare esercizi di argomentazione astratta, evidenziando come la termodinamica è applicata continuamente nelle attività di ogni giorno, ad esempio nei motori endotermici delle autovetture, nei frigoriferi, negli impianti di conversione dell'energia e di climatizzazione (riscaldamento e condizionamento dell'aria). L'approccio semplice ed intuitivo ed il modestissimo ricorso a tecniche matematiche rendono il libro fruibile con facilità da parte di tutti gli studenti universitari impegnati nello studio dei corsi di Termodinamica.

This thesis describes in-depth theoretical efforts to understand the reaction mechanism of graphite and lithium metal as anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries. The first part deals with Na intercalation chemistry in graphite, whose understanding is crucial for utilizing graphite as an anode for Na-ion batteries. The author demonstrates that Na ion intercalation in graphite is thermodynamically unstable because of the unfavorable Na-graphene interaction. To address this issue, the inclusion of screening moieties, such as solvents, is suggested and proven to enable reversible Na-solvent cointercalation in graphite. Furthermore, the author provides the correlation between the intercalation behavior and the properties of solvents, suggesting a general strategy to tailor the electrochemical intercalation chemistry. The second part addresses the Li dendrite growth issue, which is preventing practical application of Li metal anodes. A continuum mechanics study considering various experimental conditions reveals the origins of irregular growth of Li metal. The findings provide crucial clues for developing effective counter strategies to control the Li metal growth, which will advance the application of high-energy-density Li metal anodes.

This leading-edge circuit design resource offers the knowledge needed to quickly pinpoint transmission problems that can compromise circuit design. Discusses both design and debug issues at gigabit per second data rates.

Convection is a way of transporting energy by means of potential gradients and fluid movement. Convection is the most important mechanism for transferring energy between a solid surface and a liquid or gas at a different temperature. Energy transfer by convection from a surface whose temperature is higher than that of the surrounding fluid takes place in several stages. The essential characteristics of heat transfer by convection are the transport of energy by molecular movement, known as 'diffusion', and by macroscopic movement of the fluid, known as 'advection'. Heat transfer by convection is referred to as natural or forced convection, depending on the way the fluid flows. If both causes exist simultaneously, without one being negligible compared to the other, the convection is said to be mixed. Mixed convection flow occurs in a cavity with a movable cover with the shear force caused by the movement of the wall and the thrust force produced by the thermal inhomogeneity of the cavity boundaries.

This book analyses issues surrounding the efficient integration of demand response programmes in residential communities. It also explores the benefits and energy efficiency co-ordination corresponding to demand response service in a cooperative system. The author explains how sensors, communication technologies, computational ability, and control can be effectively combined to create a demand planification system. Smart appliances (SAs) and other connected devices, together with smart communities (SCs)¿which enable energy consumers to pursue common goals through cooperation and coordinated behaviour within the framework of the Internet of things (IoT)¿have raised expectations regarding deployment of the information and communication technologies (ICTs) to encourage uptake of demand response (DR) energy efficiency programmes. DR programmes pursue a reduced carbon footprint, balanced supply and demand, and behavioural change in consumers. The book provides sustainable evidence of ICT-supported energy management that can help consumers flexibly manage demand through the formation of sustainable SCs that maximise renewable energy use through large-scale cooperative management mechanisms. SCs cooperating securely in identifying consumption patterns can foster sustainable and efficient energy use, with the outcome of benefits for the participants and for the environment.

A revolutionary new offering from Dr. Jordan B. Peterson, renowned psychologist and author of the global bestseller 12 Rules for Life.In We Who Wrestle with God, Dr. Peterson guides us through the ancient, foundational stories of the Western world. In riveting detail, he analyzes the Biblical accounts of rebellion, sacrifice, suffering, and triumph that stabilize, inspire, and unite us culturally and psychologically. Adam and Eve and the eternal fall of mankind; the resentful and ultimately murderous war of Cain and Abel; the cataclysmic flood of Noah; the spectacular collapse of the Tower of Babel; Abraham’s terrible adventure; and the epic of Moses and the Israelites.  What could such stories possibly mean? What force wrote and assembled them over the long centuries? How did they bring our spirits and the world together, and point us in the same direction?  It is time for us to understand such things, scientifically and spiritually; to become conscious of the structure of our souls and our societies; and to see ourselves and others as if for the first time.   Join Elijah as he discovers the Voice of God in the dictates of his own conscience and Jonah confronting hell itself in the belly of the whale because he failed to listen and act. Set yourself straight in intent, aim, and purpose as you begin to more deeply understand the structure of your society and your soul. Journey with Dr. Peterson through the greatest stories ever told.  Dare to wrestle with God.

Durch den teils massiven Publikumsschwund nach der Pandemie stellt sich die Frage, ob diese als Brandbeschleuniger gewirkt hat für bereits vorhandene Trends. Der Autor geht dem nach anhand der Besuchszahlen bis zur letzten vollständigen vorpandemischen Spielzeit 2018/19. Er zeigt historische Zeitreihen zu Sparten- und Personalentwicklung, Vertriebskanälen und den Einnahmen. Die Theaterstatistik des Bühnenvereins dient vielen Entscheidungsträgern als Grundlage für z.B. kulturpolitische Steuerungen, obwohl sie nicht die komplette deutsche Theaterlandschaft abbildet. Deshalb beleuchtet der Autor weitere Anbieter. Da die Theaterstatistik große kulturpolitische Bedeutung hat, gibt es zum Schluss einige Vorschläge für die Zukunft.

The volume contains peer-reviewed proceedings of EPREC 2021 with a focus on control applications in the modern power system. The book includes original research and case studies that present recent developments in the control system, especially load frequency control, wide-area monitoring, control & instrumentation, optimization, intelligent control, energy management system, SCADA systems, etc. The book will be a valuable reference guide for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in advancements in the control system.

This second edition of the well-received Green Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications addresses a diverse selection of topics in green chemistry, highlighting the potential and scope of green chemistry for clean and sustainable development.

Sustainable Engineering: Concepts and Practices provides insights into current perspectives on sustainable engineering research. It highlights the drivers, motivations, and challenges affecting the development and adoption of sustainable engineering in various sectors of the economy and how they impact sustainable development. Contributions from researchers representing multiple branches of engineering in academia, government laboratories, and industry present alternative approaches to traditional engineering practices. These approaches effect change, making the design, construction, production, and management of products, processes, and systems more environmentally friendly, socially beneficial, and economically profitable. The book will be a trusted reference for graduate students, practicing engineers, and other professionals interested in developing or using sustainable products and systems.

Energy Sources can be classified as primary and secondary energy sources. Primary energy sources are normally categorized as renewable and non-renewable on the basis of their depleting characteristics. Renewable energy derived from natural resources and they are automatically replenished. It is also known as clean energy sources. Secondary energy sources are derived from transformation of primary energy sources i.e. heat and electricity. Renewable energy sources are inexhaustible but as per Indian climatic conditions solar energy is most suitable energy source. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal both are efficient, getting popularity all over the globe. Selection of them is depends on utility, suitability. For energy storage and 24x7 energy supply solar thermal technology is getting more popularity than solar PV technology. Solar thermal technology is also acknowledged as Concentrating Solar Power (CSP). CSP systems could be cost-effectively feasible at minimum 1600-1800 kWh/m2/year Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) by utilizing novel technologies, substances, economies of scale and supporting renewable policies, etc. CSP systems have a range of prime objectives. These are to work environmentally safe, to diminish primary cost and ground area, to increase long-term system trustworthiness, to make possible ease in service and maintenance. Sequestration of one ton of Carbon Dioxide-Equivalent (C02-e) equivalent to one CER unit. CSP technologies can be categorized as line and point focus,

As we become more dependent on electricity to accomplish our daily needs, the world has been facing challenging issues related to the supply of energy for energy­ based appliances. As we know, the greenhouse effect and industrialization expansion cause Ozone layer depletion, climate change, changes in weather patterns, and continuous release of carbon dioxide (CO2). An important issue that has been raised is required to develop a new energy harvesting technique that fulfils the energy demands. Ambient energy is the best substitute to produce energy by the environment and also reduces environmental pollution. Radiofrequency signals are extensively used to transmit information, though, in the field of telecommunications it continues to develop individually from wireless power transfer (WPT). However, RF signals cannot transfer information only, but the available energy can also be harvested by the RF energy harvester. Radio Frequency Energy harvesting (RFEH) is a concept of green and clean energy, where the RF energy is captured by the environment and converting it into electrical energy. It has become a developing technology and increasing research interest in the last five years. It would be a great choice to supplement the present energy harvesting technologies for example solar, thermal, wind, and vibration energy. In the last few years, RF energy harvesting has extended the research interest from environmental energy. With the rapid growth of RF sources such as cellular systems, many wireless communication devices, FM transmitters. receivers, cellular mobile stations, Wi-Fi devices, and TV stations, the radiation power of ambient energy is increased rapidly which empowers the small powered devices. Harvesting the energy from the available RF signals enables the powering of Jaw-power devices such as wireless sensor networks and medical implants. It could make devices self-sustainable and easy to operate by prolonging the operation period of the battery or eliminating the need for batteries. It has a lot of applications in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT) and this would be beneficial to power up the devices remotely.

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten. It also includes rare metals of low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Rare metal processing covers bio-metallurgy, hydro-metallurgy, and electro-metallurgy while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating, solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of rare metals are also addressed. Also included in this collection is the design of extraction equipment used in these processes from suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies.

The book focuses on the topologies of non-isolated DC-DC converters with a wide voltage gain range for renewable energy systems. It addresses both theoretical principles and engineering practices. Each chapter introduces a family of non-isolated DC-DC converters, including advanced control methods. The inclusion of modeling and experimental verification provides in-depth applications in fuel cell vehicles, electric vehicles with multiple sources including batteries and super-capacitors, and photovoltaic systems. The book is beneficial for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of renewable energies, as well as electrical and electronic engineering.

The subject of this book pertains to the applicability of zero-carbon vector fuels, such as ammonia or hydrogen, in a practical scenario. This monograph extensively discusses the applicability or challenges associated with ammonia fuels for both IC-engine and gas turbine applications. It provides insights into ammonia cracking through catalytic membrane reactors for hydrogen production. This book also discusses NOx mitigation techniques for ammonia combustion, such as MILD combustion, two-stage combustion, porous assisted combustion, plasma combustion, and high-pressure combustion. This book also provides details on the chemical kinetics of ammonia and hydrogen combustion. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in green energy and allied fields.

Focusing on recent advances in the areas of feedstocks, production processes and testing and enhancement of the properties of biodiesel this book provides a balance between academic and industrial viewpoints across a range of topics.

An account of the engineering history of extracting energy from our environment in sustainable ways, this book describes the status of energy usage, then reviews energy demands through history, covering science, engineering, and electricity, with graphical and schematic data presentation.

Essentials of Digital Construction is a concise practical reference to help professionals and companies navigate the key issues and accelerate the process of implementing digital construction.

Progress in Floating Photovoltaic Systems reflects the huge growth underway in floating photovoltaic systems, covering the latest technologies, new ideas, and practical solutions currently available in the sector in order to support further developments and implementation. The book begins by introducing floating PV, its potential, and its role as the third pillar of photovoltaics, alongside land and roof. This is followed by in-depth chapters detailing materials and design of structures, tracking systems, cooling, cleaning systems, snow load and evaporation, mooring systems, PV modules and uses, hydroelectric coupling, wind load and wave impact, and offshore solutions. The book's final chapters provide measurements of existing plants, economic and financial analysis, and detailed information on environmental impact and mitigation. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, R&D professionals, electrical engineers, power engineers and practitioners involved in photovoltaics, solar energy, and renewable energy.

Wearable Textile Energy Storage and Conversion Systems brings together the latest research into wearable energy systems, functional materials, power generation, thermal management, integrated energy systems and storage, and novel smart devices in this rapidly developing and highly interdisciplinary area. The book begins by introducing development, classification, and configuration techniques for textile wearable energy storage and conversion systems. This is followed by detailed chapters that focus on individual types, covering in turn lithium-based batteries, sodium-Ion batteries, zinc-based batteries, other metal-based batteries, nanogenerators, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells. The book's final chapters discuss emerging applications, integration and large-scale production, key challenges, and future prospects. This is a valuable resource to all those with an interest in flexible energy storage and conversion techniques, flexible and functional electronics, materials synthesis and fabrication, smart textiles, and wearable technologies, including researchers, engineers, scientists, graduate students, and R&D personnel.