Informatik

Humans use their eyes and their brains to see and visually sense the three-dimensional structure of the world around them. Computer Vision is the science that aims to give a similar, if not better, an ability to a machine or computer. Computer Vision is concerned with the automatic extraction, analysis and understanding of useful information from a single image or a sequence of images. It involves the development of a theoretical and algorithmic basis to achieve visual understanding.The term "surveillance" is derived from the French word meaning "to watch over" and, as applied to public health, means the close monitoring of the occurrence of selected health conditions in the population. In 1963, disease surveillance was de¿ned as "the continued watchfulness over the distribution and trends of incidence through systematic collection, consolidation, and evaluation of morbidity. The mortality reports and other relevant data" directly linked to timely regular dissemination of the results to "those who need to know" . The word surveillance means to observe a speci¿c area or to monitor the activities or behavior of individual or a group. It is very useful to the government to maintain social control, monitor and recognize threats, and investigate criminal activity. Digital and intelligent video surveillance has been one of the most active research areas in the ¿eld of computer vision. The goal is to e¿ciently extract useful information from a huge amount of videos collected by surveillance cameras by automatically detecting, tracking and recognizing objects of interest, and understanding and analyzing their activities.Surveillance cameras or video cameras normally used for the reason of recording or monitoring sensitive or strategic areas of a particular business. They are often connected to a recording device, and may be watching by a security guard or law enforcement öcer. A surveillance camera can be placed in strategic locations throughout private or public areas.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th EAI International Conference on Innovations and Interdisciplinary Solutions for Underserved Areas, InterSol 2023, held in Flic en Flac, Mauritius, in September 16-17, 2023. The 25 papers presented were selected from 73 submissions and issue different problems in underserved and unserved areas. They face problems in almost all sectors such as energy, water, communication, climate change, food, education, transportation, social development, and economic growth. The papers are clustered in tracks as follows: Intelligent Systems and Security; Blockchain and Machine Learning Algorithms; Sustainable Technologies and Environmental Impact; Digital Learning and Social Adoption; Networking Technology for Social Impact.

¿This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart, STACOM 2023, as well as the Cardiac MRI Reconstruction Challenge, CMRxRecon Challenge. There was a total of 53 submissions to the workshop. The 24 regular workshop papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 paper submissions. They deal with cardiac segmentation, modelling, strain quantification, registration, statistical shape analysis, and quality control. In addition, 21 papers from the CMRxRecon challenge are included in this volume. They focus on fast CMR image reconstruction and provide a benchmark dataset that enables the broader research community to promote advances in this area of research.

This is the first book to focus on robotic reproductive cell manipulation. It provides readers with the fundamental principles underpinning robotic manipulation of reproductive cells, including sperm, oocytes, and embryos, state-of-the-art technical advances in actuation, sensing and control for cell manipulation, and emerging automated systems for reproductive cell manipulation. The methods presented in the book are generic and can be translated to manipulating other types of cells, such as cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. Robotic Manipulation of Reproductive Cells will be an essential reference for graduate students and researchers working on small-scale robotic systems for cell manipulation and characterization, healthcare professionals interested in nanoscale, microscale, milli-scale robotic techniques for clinical cell surgeries and assisted reproduction, and engineers developing small-scale robotic systems for biomedical engineering, biology,and medicine.

This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the field of medical and biological engineering, which a special emphasis on activities carried out in the Asian-Pacific region. Gathering the proceedings of the 12th Asian-Pacific Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering (APCMBE 2023), held on May 18¿21, 2023, in Suzhou, China, this first volume of a two-volume set focuses on biomedical imaging and signal processing, biomedical sensing and wearables, and rehabilitation and neural engineering. All in all, this book offers extensive information on the state-of-the-art solutions and challenges in biomedical and clinical engineering, addressing a broad audience of medical scientists, engineers, physicists and other researchers and professionals.

This book aims at meeting the challenge of getting along with today¿s unprecedented rate of innovation supported by disruptive digital technologies, which changed the perception of the productivity and effectiveness and opened a gateway to more than ever dynamic advances in solving the important societal challenges."Disruptive Information Technologies for a Smart Society" is the proceedings book of the 13th International conference for information society and technologies that brings together experts from various fields to discuss the latest advancements in software engineering, machine learning, digital water, and ICT for health and sport.The book and the conference serve as a platform for researchers of all career stages in technical sciences, especially Ph.D. students, practitioners, and industry experts in health care, energy, Fintech, AI, and other areas to share and learn on the cutting-edge technologies and stay at the forefront of these rapidly evolving fields.

This book focuses in detail on data science and data analysis and emphasizes the importance of data engineering and data management in the design of big data applications. The author uses patterns discovered in a collection of big data applications to provide design principles for hypothesis generation, integrating big data processing and management, machine learning and data mining techniques.The book proposes and explains innovative principles for interpreting hypotheses by integrating micro-explanations (those based on the explanation of analytical models and individual decisions within them) with macro-explanations (those based on applied processes and model generation). Practical case studies are used to demonstrate how hypothesis-generation and -interpretation technologies work. These are based on ¿social infrastructure¿ applications like in-bound tourism, disaster management, lunar and planetary exploration, and treatment of infectious diseases.The novel methods and technologies proposed in Hypothesis Generation and Interpretation are supported by the incorporation of historical perspectives on science and an emphasis on the origin and development of the ideas behind their design principles and patterns. Academic investigators and practitioners working on the further development and application of hypothesis generation and interpretation in big data computing, with backgrounds in data science and engineering, or the study of problem solving and scientific methods or who employ those ideas in fields like machine learning will find this book of considerable interest.

This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 15th International Conference, MEDES 2023, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 5¿7, 2023The 29 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Design Issues & BlockChain, Query Processing and Visualization, Learning Issues, Services and Systems, Business and Communication Technologies, Digital Twin and Security, Architecture Technologies, Time and Text Management.

¿This book offers a fresh perspective on smart tourism, introducing unique frameworks and insights with the potential to shape the industry's future. It explores the convergence of technology, tourism, and smart cities, emphasizing the use of smartphones, social media data, AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing, and crowdsensing to enhance tourism experiences.What sets it apart is its focus on practical solutions that require minimal infrastructure investments, making it accessible to a wide range of stakeholders. This book addresses knowledge gaps and proposes cutting-edge frameworks for smart tourism development. It is intended for researchers, academics, and professionals in tourism, technology, and urban planning.Key uses of this book include providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving smart tourism landscape and serving as a valuable resource for researchers and educators in this dynamic field.

This book examines the impact of artificial intelligence on competition and antitrust in today's global digital economy. It scrutinizes the economic and legal ramifications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), addressing the challenges it presents to competition and the law.Beginning with an analysis of AI's developments across various economic sectors, the book highlights the need for updated legislation. It focuses on the digital economy, emphasizing digital platforms' role in shaping competition. Econometric investigations and a novel index assess competition's influence on foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises. Comparing competition practices across jurisdictions like the EU, US, Germany, and China, the book uncovers commonalities and differences in competition law principles. It also explores various theories on competition and competition law, seeking convergence or divergence.This book is an essential resource for scholars, legal professionals,policymakers, and anyone seeking a better understanding of how AI is reshaping competition and antitrust in the digital age.

Information science has long been a complex and interdisciplinary field. Recent developments in applied mathematics have been employed to construct proper solutions in related fields. In this Special Issue, we deal with research developments in various areas of applied mathematics and/or the application of artificial intelligence, statistical models, etc., to improve the state-of-the-art problems in the field of information science.

Special Issue "Experimentation in 5G and beyond Networks: State of the Art and the Way Forward" collected original contributions on experimental aspects related to 5th Generation (5G) and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks and systems.Ten high-quality papers were accepted to appear in this Special Issue, covering three main research areas: 5G testing and validation, 5G enhancements, and the use of AI/ML for B5G systems. We believe that the papers provide key updates and insights into these research areas, and thus may inspire future work aimed towards the further improvement and optimization of next-generation mobile systems.

This book is to provide a comprehensive reference for professionals in the field of data science and applications: artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and blockchain. In summary, this book is expected to function as a helpful resource and manual, enabling readers to navigate the intricate domain of artificial intelligence, the Internet of things (IoT), and blockchain in smart environments. This book covers many topics related to integrating AI, IoT, blockchain, and smart environments. It begins by laying a solid foundation, introducing each technology's fundamental concepts and principles. Subsequent chapters explore applications and real-world use cases, demonstrating how AI, IoT, and blockchain can effectively address critical challenges within data science and applications.

This book presents various models and approaches, specific proposals, and recommendations on a whole range of areas for smart cities' development. This book proposes to look at the problem through a broad overview of all elements of a smart city as a single system: smart governance, smart buildings, smart transportation, smart tourism destinations, smart economy, and smart environment.The book is intended for both young and experienced scientists who want to get acquainted with the latest trends and data for using them in their research.

In this book, various chaos maps are embedded in eleven efficient and well-known metaheuristics and a significant improvement in the optimization results is achieved. The two basic steps of metaheuristic algorithms consist of exploration and exploitation. The imbalance between these stages causes serious problems for metaheuristic algorithms, which are immature convergence and stopping in local optima. Chaos maps with chaotic jumps can save algorithms from being trapped in local optima and lead to convergence toward global optima. Embedding these maps in the exploration phase, exploitation phase, or both simultaneously corresponds to three efficient and useful scenarios. By creating competition between different modes and increasing diversity in the search space and creating sudden jumps in the search phase, improvements are achieved for chaotic algorithms. Four Chaotic Algorithms, including Chaotic Cyclical Parthenogenesis Algorithm, Chaotic Water Evaporation Optimization, Chaotic Tug-of-War Optimization, and Chaotic Thermal Exchange Optimization are developed.

Active Objects are a programming paradigm that supports a non-competitive, data-driven concurrency model. This renders active object languages to be well-suited for simulation, data race-free programming, and formal verification. Concepts from active objects made their way into languages such as Rust, ABS, Akka, JavaScript, and Go. This is the first comprehensive state-of-art overview on the subject, the invited contributions are written by experts in the areas of distributed systems, formal methods, and programming languages.

This book starts with the rationale for creating an FCM by contrast to other techniques for participatory modeling, as this rationale is a key element to justify the adoption of techniques in a research paper. Fuzzy cognitive mapping is an active research field with over 20,000 publications devoted to externalizing the qualitative perspectives or ¿mental models¿ of individuals and groups. Since the emergence of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) back in the 80s, new algorithms have been developed to reduce bias, facilitate the externalization process, or efficiently utilize quantitative data via machine learning. It covers the development of an FCM with participants through a traditional in-person setting, drawing from the experience of practitioners and highlighting solutions to commonly encountered challenges. The book continues with introducing principles of simulations with FCMs as a tool to perform what-if scenario analysis, while extending those principles to more elaborated simulation scenarios where FCMs and agent-based modeling are combined. Once an FCM model is obtained, the book then details the analytical tools available for practitioners (e.g., to identify the most important factors) and provides examples to aid in the interpretation of results. The discussion concerning relevant extensions is equally pertinent, which are devoted to increasing the expressiveness of the FCM formalism in problems involving uncertainty. The last four chapters focus on building FCM models from historical data. These models are typically needed when facing multi-output prediction or pattern classification problems. In that regard, the book smoothly guides the reader from simple approaches to more elaborated algorithms, symbolizing the noticeable progress of this field in the last 35 years. Problems, recent references, and functional codes are included in each chapter to provide practice and support further learning from practitioners and researchers.

We are currently witnessing the emergence of a ¿third culture¿, driven by unprecedented developments that are changing the playing field. These include advances in AI, big data analysis and robotics. The traditional ¿two cultures¿ view (S. P. Snow) distinguishes between the sciences and the humanities. The wisdoms these two cultures offer are separated from each other, with little to no interaction or mutual comprehension. However, over the past two decades, and for the first time in human history, a new, third culture has appeared. This new culture, rooted in new technologies, not only pursues its own form of rationality but also supports advances in the original two cultures, deepening and expanding our individual and collective consciousness so that we can see more and do better. It will eventually give rise to new forms of consciousness based not on biochemical signals, but on copper wires and lithium chips. These new machine intelligences will change the world and force us to realise: we are no longer alone. The human species¿ position in the twenty-first century will be fundamentally redefined: not as a conductor leading the orchestra, but a single string player within it.

This book comprises the papers presented at the 22nd UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI 2023), held at Aston University, Birmingham, the UK, during 6 to 8 September 2023. UKCI is the flagship AI conference of the UK and Europe held annually. In UKCI 2023, a total of 63 papers were received from 11 countries including the UK, India, Germany, China, Japan, Australia, Italy, Thailand, Turkey, Jordan and Saudi Arabia; of these, 50 were accepted for presentation. The review process was rigorous, wherein three reviews were provided for all papers, with some having four reviews. This book highlights the latest research developments in computational intelligence and its applications. It covers both conventional and advanced techniques in fuzzy systems, neural networks, evolutionary computation, machine learning, deep learning, federated learning, data mining, cognitive computing, intelligent robotics, optimization methods, hybrid methods, and applications of computational intelligence. The book offers a valuable reference guide for readers with expertise in computational intelligence or who are seeking a comprehensive and timely review of the latest trends in computational intelligence. Special emphasis is placed on novel methods and their use in a wide range of application areas, updating both academics and professionals on the state of the art.

This is the first book that sums up test-related modeling of digital circuits and systems by a new structural-decision-diagrams model. The model represents structural and functional information jointly and opens a new area of research.The book introduces and discusses applications of two types of structural decision diagrams (DDs): low-level, structurally synthesized binary DDs (SSBDDs) and high-level DDs (HLDDs) that enable diagnostic modeling of complex digital circuits and systems.Topics and features:Provides the definition, properties and techniques for synthesis, compression and optimization of SSBDDs and HLDDsProvides numerous working examples that illustrate the key points of the textDescribes applications of SSBDDs and HLDDs for various electronic design automation (EDA) tasks, such as logic-level fault modeling and simulation, multi-valued simulation, timing-critical path identification, and test generationDiscusses the advantages of the proposed model to traditional binary decision diagrams and other traditional design representationsCombines SSBDDs with HLDDs for multi-level representation of digital systems for enabling hierarchical and cross-level solving of complex test-related tasksThis unique book is aimed at researchers working in the fields of computer science and computer engineering, focusing on test, diagnosis and dependability of digital systems. It can also serve as a reference for graduate- and advanced undergraduate-level computer engineering and electronics courses.Three authors are affiliated with the Dept. of Computer Systems at the Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia: Raimund Ubar is a retired Professor, Jaan Raik and Maksim Jenihhin are tenured Professors. Artur Jutman, PhD, is a researcher at the same university and the CEO of Testonica Lab Ltd., Estonia.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the field of applied mathematics as it relates to finance, marketing, and economics. It covers a range of topics including the effective utilization of applied mathematics and mathematical modeling in finance, economics, and marketing. Additionally, it explores the intersection between applied mathematics and practical applications in various scientific fields. The book targets a multidisciplinary audience, fostering the exchange of diverse ideas and showcasing the broad appeal of different subjects. It delves into recent developments in areas such as mathematical modeling in finance, mathematical modeling in marketing, the modeling of financial and economic fundamentals (e.g., interest rates, asset prices), market behavior modeling, modeling market imperfections, pricing financial derivative securities, hedging strategies, numerical methods, and financial engineering.The book features selected contributions presented at the first edition of the International Conference in Applied Mathematics to Finance, Marketing and Economics, which took place at the National School of Commerce and Management in El Jadida, Morocco, from November 26 to 27, 2020.

Für den stabilen und sicheren Betrieb des Internets ist die US-amerikanische gemeinnützige Organisation Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) verantwortlich, wozu die Koordination der Vergabe von Domain-Namen gehört. Die Europäische Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (EU-DSGVO) dient der Vereinheitlichung des Datenschutzrechts und schützt die Verarbeitung von personenbezogenen Daten. Dies hat einen Einfluss auf die öffentlich zugänglichen Informationen von registrierten Domain-Namen, deren Veröffentlichung die ICANN in ihren Richtlinien vorschreibt. Diese Informationen umfassen personenbezogene Daten wie den Namen, die Postanschrift und die E-Mail-Adresse der Domain-innehabenden Person. Die ICANN änderte ihre Richtlinien, jedoch ist weiterhin die Veröffentlichung dieser Angaben möglich. In dem vorliegenden Buch werden die Auswirkungen der EU-DSGVO auf das E-Mail-Marketing und die Verwendung von E-Mail-Adressen für E-Mail-Kampagnen untersucht, insbesondere in Bezug aufunerwünschte E-Mail-Werbung. Dazu wird die folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: Welchen Effekt hat die Veröffentlichung der E-Mail-Adresse der Domain-innehabenden Person in den WHOIS-Datenbanken auf die Anzahl eingehender unerwünschter Marketing-E-Mails?

Commissioned by the Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), this needed, useful new ¿Body of Knowledge¿ (BoK) collects and organizes the common understanding of a wide collection of professionals and professional associations.Modeling and simulation (M&S) is a ubiquitous discipline that lays the computational foundation for real and virtual experimentation, clearly stating boundaries¿and interactions¿of systems, data, and representations. The field is well known, too, for its training support via simulations and simulators. Indeed, with computers increasingly influencing the activities of today¿s world, M&S is the third pillar of scientific understanding, taking its place along with theory building and empirical observation.This valuable new handbook provides intellectual support for all disciplines in analysis, design and optimization. It contributes increasingly to the growing number of computational disciplines, addressing the broad variety of contributing as well as supported disciplines and application domains. Further, each of its sections provide numerous references for further information. Highly comprehensive, the BoK represents many viewpoints and facets, captured under such topics as:Mathematical and Systems Theory FoundationsSimulation Formalisms and ParadigmsSynergies with Systems Engineering and Artificial IntelligenceMultidisciplinary ChallengesEthics and PhilosophyHistorical PerspectivesExamining theoretical as well as practical challenges, this unique volume addresses the many facets of M&S for scholars, students, and practitioners. As such, it affords readers from all science, engineering, and arts disciplines a comprehensive and concise representation of concepts, terms, and activities needed to explain the M&S discipline.Tuncer Ören is Professor Emeritus at the University of Ottawa. Bernard Zeigler is Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona. Andreas Tolk is Chief Scientist at The MITRE Corporation. All three editors are long-time members and Fellows of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. Under the leadership of three SCS Fellows, Dr. Ören, University of Ottawa, Dr. Zeigler, The University of Arizona, and Dr. Tolk, The MITRE Corporation, more than 50 international scholars from 15 countries provided insights and experience to compile this initial M&S Body of Knowledge.