Formation of Bricks and Concrete by Utilizing Waste from Toothpaste Industry - Surinder Kumar - Bog

Concrete, the world's most commonly used construction material, is a heterogeneous structure made up of a variety of easily available basic building materials such as cement, coarse & fine aggregate, water, and, depending on the application, admixtures or other additives. When these ingredients are combined, a gel mass is formed that can be conveniently moulded into any shape. When the concrete is properly cured, it forms a matrix that holds the other materials together to create a solid stone-like substance known as concrete. Because of its resilience, rigidity, longevity, mouldability, performance, and economy, concrete is a flexible, durable, and long-lasting material used extensively in the building industry. For centuries, humans have used concrete in their ground breaking architectural feats.

Cement is one of the most important glueing ingredients used by the building industry, mostly for concrete in large quantities, and its manufacture results in substantial carbon dioxide emissions; one tonne of cement generates approximately one tonne of carbon dioxide. There are two basic types of cement manufacturing processes, as well as a variety of kiln types. Depending on the water content of the raw material feedstock, these are referred to as "wet" or "dry." The wet process requires more energy to evaporate the 30 percent plus slurry water before heating the raw materials to the necessary calcination temperature.

Due to shifts in habits, preferences, and society, the need for a sustainable alternative to traditional bricks is increasingly increasing, not just in metro cities but also in rural and urban areas. However, incorporating these additional materials into the building industry is extremely difficult. The technical properties of such materials containing such manufacturing wastes would necessitate a significant amount of ana.

The aim is to use waste from the toothpaste industry as a substitute cementitious-material in concrete, partially replacing cement and sand, and as an alternative to virgin/mineral materials/natural resources in bricks, i.e. replacing clay.