Teknologi: generelle emner

Primitive software chatbots emerged in the 1960s, evolving swiftly through the decades and becoming able to provide engaging human-to-computer interactions sometime in the 1990s. Today, conversational technology is ubiquitous in many homes. Paired with web-searching abilities and neural networking, modern chatbots are capable of many tasks and are a major driving force behind machine learning and the quest for strong artificial intelligence, also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI).Sophisticated artificial intelligence is changing the online world as advanced software chatbots can provide customer service, research duties, and assist in healthcare. Modern chatbots have indeed numerous applications ¿ including those of a malicious nature. They can write our essays, conduct autonomous scams, and potentially influence politics.The Book of Chatbots is both a retrospective and a review of current artificial intelligence-driven conversational solutions. It explores their appeal to businesses and individuals as well as their greater social aspects, including the impact on academia. The book explains all relevant concepts for readers with no previous knowledge in these topics. Unearthing the secrets of virtual assistants such as the (in)famous ChatGPT and many other exciting technologies, The Book of Chatbots is meant for anyone interested in the topic, laypeople and IT-enthusiasts alike.

The book presents a conceptual and methodological basis for the mathematical and computational analysis of genomes.Genomes are containers of biological information, which direct the cell functions and the evolution of organisms. Combinatorial, probabilistic, and informational aspects are fundamental ingredients of any mathematical investigation of genomes aimed at providing mathematical principles for extracting the information that they contain.The topics presented in the book include research themes developed by authors in the last 15 years, and in many aspects, the book continues a preceding volume (Vincenzo Manca, Infobiotics: Information in biotic systems, Springer, 2013). The main inspiring idea of the book is an informational perspective to Genomics. Information is the most recent, among the fundamental mathematical and physical concepts developed in the last two centuries. It has revolutionized the whole science and continues, in this direction, to dominate the trends of the contemporary science. In fact, any discipline collects data from observations, by providing theories able to explain, predict, and dominate natural phenomena. But data are containers of information, whence information is essential in any scientific elaboration.Many open problems in deciphering genomes will be addressed, by showing an informational approach to the discovery of ¿genome languages¿, according to which genomic texts are written. Life strategies, at many levels of organization, are encoded in these texts, and randomness has a crucial role in the birth and in the development of biological information, where the interplay of casualty and computation is probably the most secret key of life intelligence.

Reaction to breakdowns is more expensive, by many orders of magnitude, than prevention. This again became clear during the COVID-19 pandemic and is evinced in the sustainability crisis. The dynamics of living matter transcends deterministic reaction. Embodied in machines, determinism empowered the human being, providing the path to prosperity. However, in conjunction with reductionism, it does away with complexity, in which life is couched.The living is by necessity anticipatory. Awareness of the future means preserving life not in reaction to, but in anticipation of change. Living entities, from the simplest bacteria, to plants and insects, to human beings, are adaptive, goal-oriented, and capable of self-healing. Anticipatory actions are expressed through non-deterministic processes that unfold in concert with reactions. They engage the wholeness of life, including its interactions with the environment. Awareness of consequences, together with memory of the past, informs actions that reflect the creative nature of human beings. Redefining science¿and implicitly, medicine¿is not a negation of its past, but rather an affirmation of trust in explaining life¿s capacity to renew itself. As opposed to increasingly expensive medicine as a practice of repair, to prevent and to heal is to make life sustainable. The moment of truth can no longer be postponed. At stake is the future of humankind and even of life on planet Earth. Reductionist determinism informs the obsession with progress at any cost. Awareness of the fact that the human condition transcends that of the matter in which it is embodied explains, and indeed justifies, the call to Disrupt Science in its current state. The age of the digital machine, in particular of artificial intelligence, is one of opportunities that pale when compared to its inherent risks. The record of breakdowns (including so-called natural disasters), by now global in scale, is part of the empirical premise for the call for completing the Cartesian Revolution. A ¿Second Revolution in Science¿ could unleash humanity¿s remaking, free of surrendering to want. Science has the opportunity not only to measure everything¿life included¿and accumulate data and process it for its own sake, but also to realize its meaning. The future matters. Baruch Gorkin is celebrated internationally for exquisite typefaces and for books reflecting meaning-driven design.

Fifty years after the first experiments in computational art, international interest in the history of this subject remains strong and at the same time almost uncovered. This book began with the exhibition Algorithmic Signs, which was conceived, researched and curated by Francesca Franco in Venice in 2017. The origins of the exhibition included a series of meetings that gathered together the most celebrated international pioneers in the world of digital arts and the rare opportunity to interview them in their studios.Francesca Franco explores the history of computer art and its contribution to the broader field of contemporary art from the 1960s to the present. It is illustrated by the creative work of five of the most influential pioneers of computer art - Ernest Edmonds, Manfred Mohr, Vera Molnár, Frieder Nake, and Roman Verostko and includes the full visual documentation of the exhibition.The Algorithmic Dimension - Five Artists in Conversation offersmore than a theoretical perspective; it offers readers the rare opportunity to hear the histories and developments of the fascinating art, created through the algorithm, in an accessible and stimulating narrative. The personal achievements of each artist are followed, including their original inspirations, and how they develop in parallel with technological advances. It also brings together for the first time the artists' common ideas and differences, and tales about how their paths have crossed over the years.

This book reviews the latest advancement of microfluidics and nanofluidics with a focus on electrokinetic phenomena in microfluidics and nanofluidics. It provides fundamental understanding of several new interfacial electrokinetic phenomena in microfluidics and nanofluidics. Chapter 1 gives a brief review of the fundamentals of interfacial electrokinetics. Chapter 2 shows induced charge electrokinetic transport phenomena. Chapter 3 presents the new advancement in DC dielectrophoresis. Chapter 4 introduces a novel nanofabrication method and the systematic studies of electrokinetic nanofluidics. Chapter 5 presents electrokinetic phenomena associated with Janus particles and Janus droplets. Chapter 6 introduces a new direction of electrokinetic nanofluidics: nanofluidic iontronics. Chapter 7 discusses an important differential resistive pulse sensor in microfluidics and nanofluidics.

This Reprint presents the latest progress in the theory and operation of oil and gas production, especially the advances in the development of unconventional reservoirs and harsh-condition reservoirs. It can be used as a reference for those work in related or relevant areas.

The green approach is no longer (and can no longer be) a goal of the future, but it is a concrete and practical necessity of the present. To take stock of new trends, this Special Issue lines up some recently developed green materials and remarkable progress and developments in manufacturing processes.

This reprint covers the following topics in the field of smart grids:1. Optimal dg location and sizing to minimize losses and improve the voltage profile using garra rufa optimization. 2. Solar and wind energy forecasting for the green and intelligent migration of traditional energy sources. 3. Optimized micro-grid's operation with electrical-vehicle-based hybridized sustainable algorithm. 4. The detection of nontechnical losses in smart meters using a MLP-GRU deep model and augmenting data via theft attacks. 5. A hybrid deep-learning-based model for the detection of electricity losses using big data in power systems. 6. Load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in a multi-area interconnected power system using nature-inspired computation-based control methodology. 7. Line overload alleviations in wind energy integrated power systems using automatic generation control. 8. Electric price and load forecasting using a CNN-based ensembler in a smart grid. 9. Day-ahead energy forecasting in a smart grid considering the demand response and microgrids. 10. A dragonfly optimization algorithm for extracting the maximum power of grid-interfaced pv systems. 11. An economic load dispatch problem with multiple fuels and valve point effects using a hybrid genetic-artificial fish swarm algorithm. 12. Incentive-based dynamic pricing in a smart grid.

"Future of Augmented Reality in the Digital Age: Strategies for Success" is a futuristic look at the disruptive potential of AR in today's ever-changing digital ecosystem. This book provides readers with an in-depth exploration of the most current and popular terms used to describe the Augmented Reality landscape, as well as useful advice for navigating this dynamic new field.Augmented reality (AR) has taken the online world by storm, altering the way we take in and respond to our physical surroundings. This book lays out a roadmap for the future of augmented reality (AR) in a number of different settings, where it can be used to superimpose digital information over the physical world.The book emphasizes how augmented reality (AR) is at the forefront of altering our digital experiences as we enter an increasingly networked and computerized era. Augmented reality has the potential to revolutionize many facets of modern life, including education, employment, recreation, and social interaction.The book is an all-encompassing resource that provides concrete advice for succeeding in the augmented reality industry. It identifies critical variables for success and offers a road map for realizing the benefits of augmented reality.The book's primary focus is on how augmented reality is fostering innovation across a wide range of industries, from instruction and healthcare to consumer goods and retail. It demonstrates how innovative people and businesses are utilizing AR to thrive in the modern digital environment.The book stresses the important role of augmented reality in delivering engaging and dynamic content, with a focus on improving the user experience. Methods for making augmented reality apps that people love and that provide real value are discussed.Industry uses: The book analyzes the varied uses of AR across various industries, including gaming, marketing, and manufacturing. It shows how companies are using augmented reality to further their goals and expand their operations.The book digs at the technological developments that are driving augmented reality ahead. New technologies are discussed in terms of their potential effects on the future of augmented reality.As we live in an era concerned with data privacy and ethics, the book discusses the significance of ethical augmented reality creation and use. It deals with the moral quandaries and government concerns that crop up in the augmented reality industry.To help readers thrive in the rapidly evolving digital ecosystem that AR is shaping, "Future of Augmented Reality in the Digital Age: Strategies for Success" provides the background information and guidance they need. This book is a must-read for everyone interested in Augmented Reality (AR), whether as a person curious about the technology's possibilities or as a company in search of fresh ideas.

Um die heutzutage immer komplexer werdenden Nichtwohngebäude fachlich und technisch korrekt abbilden zu können, bedarf es einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit der Normenreihe DIN V 18599. Diese Berechnungsgrundlage für die energetische Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden erfordert fachübergreifendes Wissen in den Bereichen Heizung, Beleuchtung, Belüftung, Kühlung und Trinkwasserversorgung. Die Erfahrung der zurückliegenden Jahre hat gezeigt, dass dies ohne eine umfassende Schulung und Weiterbildung nur schwer möglich ist.Die behandelten Themen entstammen der Praxis der letzten vier Jahre und beziehen sich dadurch auf die EnEV 2009. Da die Themen aber grundlegender Natur sind, können sie dem Normanwender auch mit Inkrafttreten der novellierten EnEV bzw. DIN V 18599 eine fachliche Hilfestellung bieten. Auf die Änderungen in diesen novellierten Fassungen wird im Text aber nicht explizit hingewiesen.

This book provides a comprehensive yet informal introduction to differentiating and integrating real functions with one variable. It also covers basic first-order differential equations and introduces higher-dimensional differentiation and integration. The focus is on significant theoretical proofs, accompanied by illustrative examples for clarity. A comprehensive bibliography aids deeper understanding. The concept of a function's differential is a central theme, relating to the "differential" within integrals. The discussion of indefinite integrals (collections of antiderivatives) precedes definite integrals, naturally connecting the two. The Appendix offers essential math formulas, exercise properties, and an in-depth exploration of continuity and differentiability. Select exercise solutions are provided. This book suits short introductory math courses for novice physics/engineering students. It equips them with vital differentialand integral calculus tools for real-world applications. It is also useful for first-year undergraduates, reinforcing advanced calculus foundations for better Physics comprehension.

This book explains ¿what goes on in a manufacturing company as a product goes through its lifecycle¿. It describes more than 70 product-related activities that take place during the product lifecycle phases of ideation, development, production, service, and recycling. The various documents, data, working methods, and computer programs used in each activity are outlined. The book tells the story of a project carried out by a Master¿s degree student in a manufacturing company to find out for the CEO exactly what happens with products across their lifecycle. Due to the storytelling approach of the book, the reader will learn, as if they are present in the company, about the activities that take place along the product lifecycle. They will see how the company is organized, what data and documents are created and used in each activity, and which applications are being used. They will see, from the interviews carried out by the student, what people are doing, the difficulties they face, and the improvement opportunities they see. This will give them a good understanding of the various activities that take place, and provide a basis for improving performance and implementing new processes and applications.

This book aims to provide an advanced R software approach that can carry out rainfall trend analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen¿s slope estimator tests. The research study follows a systematic approach while utilizing R software as it can greatly facilitate the analysis of rainfall trends.About 30 stations located in the study area and 41 to 50 years¿ time series were selected for the purpose of analysis. The data for the research was collected from the State Water Data Centre (SWDC) in Gujarat, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) in Pune, DAAC (NASA), and ESRI. Cluster analysis has been performed to analyze the variability of the mean rainfall. The stations have been divided into 2 clusters with 17 and 13 stations in each cluster which significantly differ from each other.This book is aimed at researchers, scientists and government organizations working in the field of climate change.

This book reviews math topics relevant to non-mathematics students and scientists, but which they may not have seen or studied for a while. These math issues can range from reading mathematical symbols, to using complex numbers, dealing with equations involved in calculating medication equivalents, the General Linear Model (GLM) used in e.g. neuroimaging analysis, finding the minimum of a function, independent component analysis, or filtering approaches. Almost every student or scientist, will at some point run into mathematical formulas or ideas in scientific papers that may be hard to understand, given that formal math education may be some years ago. In this book we will explain the theory behind many of these mathematical ideas and expressions and provide readers with the tools to better understand them. We will revisit high school mathematics and extend and relate this to the mathematics you need to understand the math you may encounter in the course of your research. This book will help you understand the math and formulas in the scientific papers you read. To achieve this goal, each chapter mixes theory with practical pen-and-paper exercises such that you (re)gain experience with solving math problems yourself. Mnemonics will be taught whenever possible. To clarify the math and help readers apply it, each chapter provides real-world and scientific examples.In this new edition, two new chapters covering statistics and differential equations have been added, which have been workshopped in the 'authors' popular lecture series in order to maximize the benefit for readers.

This book focuses on the emerging research in the field of treatment of solid tumors or cancer with new drug delivery systems using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has given us a good scope for development of new innovative drug delivery strategies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with reduced off-target side effects. Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide due to the limitations of classical therapies such as low solubility of active drugs, toxic side effects on healthy cells and resistance of tumor cells. These issues are partly solved by the recent development of polymeric nanoparticles, which improve drug absorption and the therapeutic index, while reducing side effects. Drug carriers must be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic. Coupled to a ligand that has affinity for that particular cell, polymeric nanoparticles are used to target specifically malignant cells or tissues and, in turn, improve drug stability. This book presents the latest advances in the application of polymeric particles for cancer treatment, with focus on the tumor microenvironment, synthesis, active and passive targeting, patents, targeting over-expressed receptors, tumor-targeting ligands, theranostics, glioblastoma tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and pH-responsive nanoparticles

This book presents the latest accomplishments in Novikov/conformal gearing as well as high-conformal gearing.  It is focused primarily on strength calculation of gear teeth and the manufacturing of gears for Novikov/conformal and high-conformal gearing along with a brief discussion of achievements in the modern theory of gearing. The modern theory of gearing is the foundation of all optimal designs of gears, gear-sets, and transmissions of all known designs, as well as, of all those to be developed in the future. As even a small improvement in efficiency on a single gear can represent a significant cost saving, given the millions of gears used in industry every year, this volume provides the design and manufacturing engineer in invaluable resource.

Written by the leading experts of this field, this book results from the International Symposium on "e;Single Molecule Machines on a Surface: Gears, Train of Gears, Motors, and Cars"e; which took place in Toulouse, France on November 24th - 25th, 2021. The different chapters focus on describing the use of single molecule mechanics on a surface and analyze the different steps leading to the design of a single molecule nanocar. The authors present how a single molecule is rotating, how a single molecule gear can participate to a train of molecule gears to propagate motion and how this knowledge is used for the design of nanocars. The way energy is provided to a single molecule and how this energy drives it onto the surface is also analyzed. A large portion of this volume is written by the eight teams selected to participate in the Nanocar Race II event. This book is of great use to graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and researchers who are interested in single molecule mechanics and who want to know more about the fundamentals and applications of this new research field. 

This book focuses on nanomaterials with antibacterial properties. Antibacterial resistance is a growing concern that poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. This book looks at the fabrication, material's properties, and characterization of a range of metallic, bimetallic, and metal-oxide-based nanomaterials that can be exploited for their antimicrobial properties. A key focus of this book is its emphasis on 'green' synthesis of nanomaterials, as many conventional routes of nanomaterial fabrication do not fulfill key sustainability criteria in terms of their toxicity and lack of eco-friendliness. Additionally, this book introduces the application of nanoparticles to veterinary medicine. Given the ever-increasing global livestock population coupled with the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens of animal origin (bacterial, parasitic, and hemoprotozoa), the use of nanoparticles as antibacterial agents represents a paradigm shift in every aspect of veterinary care. Authored by scholars with combined expertise in nanomaterials and veterinary medicine, this book provides valuable information for researchers working on sustainable nanomaterials with antibacterial properties.

This Reprint presents an Editorial and ten original studies from different areas of nonlinear optics carried out in the last three years by research groups with high levels of expertise. The object of most of them is femtosecond (fs) nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructures. In this Reprint, the results of a study on higher harmonics generation from fs and picosecond lasers in laser-induced plasma from various nanomaterials are presented; an example of the application of the generation of the second and third harmonics of fs laser radiation for the design of a unique microscope is presented; fs nonlinear-optical properties of aqueous suspensions of nanodiamonds are investigated; nonlinear up-conversion luminescence is found in aqueous suspensions of carbon dots; an example of the application of a thin-film topological insulator for the generation of THz radiation under the action of a fs laser is described; a new type of robust photonic topological insulator for laser array applications is designed; new algorithms for the theoretical study of laser pulse interactions with metals and nonlinear dielectric media interfaces are developed; the findings of a study on helicity-dependent photocurrents in thin nanostructured CuSe films due to the surface photogalvanic effect are presented; a kinetic theory of the edge photogalvanic effect for intraband electron transport in 2D materials is developed. In general, all the studies presented in this Reprint were performed at a high level and demonstrate the continuing interest of the world's scientific community in research in the field of nonlinear optics.

Harvesting machinery has the main function of cutting, picking, or digging mature crop seeds, fruits, stalks, leaves, root parts, or the whole plant and are also necessary to complete collection, threshing, cleaning, transfer, and other operations. The characteristics of harvesting machinery are as follows: first, the operating object is biological; second, the working process refers to the separation between plant tissues or the separation of a plant from soil; and third, the working environment is unstructured. Therefore, efficient harvesting machinery is an area of comprehensive research that integrates the fields of mechanical and biological material, information, and computers. This Special Issue focused on precise identification and positioning systems ("eyes"), sensitive decision-making and control systems ("brain"), highly adaptable chassis and mobile platforms ("feet"), efficient end-effectors and harvesting components ("hands"), etc., related to efficient harvesting machinery. The topics of the publications include: Crop-soil-machine systems; Mechanics and dynamics of harvesting machinery; Chassis of harvesting machinery; Efficient harvesting components; Field environment sensing and recognition; Navigation and positioning systems of harvesting machinery; Multi-source information fusion, analysis, and decision making in harvesting operations; Cooperative harvesting operations of multiple machines in the field; Unmanned harvesters.

This Engineering Proceedings reprint is focused on how Industry 4.0 technologies may benefit agri-food supply chains by alleviating socio-economic and environmental challenges. The evolving interdisciplinary research is motivated by aiding Ukraine in the war against Russia.

Acoustic sensors have an extremely wide range of applications in many fields, including underwater acoustics, architectural acoustics, engineering acoustics, physical acoustics, environmental acoustics, psychoacoustics, and so on. The signals collected by high-sensitivity acoustic sensors contain a large amount of valid information that facilitates further processing of the collected acoustic signals. In particular, detection and feature extraction, as two important measures of acoustic sensor signal processing, can capture more information regarding the target and extract features with separability.

In recent years, nanoelectronics has become very interdisciplinary requiring students to master aspects of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry etc. The 2nd edition of this textbook is a comprehensive overview of nanoelectronics covering the necessary quantum mechanical and solid-state physics foundation, an overview of semiconductor fabrication as well as a brief introduction into device simulation using the non-equilibrium Greens function formalism. Equipped with this, the work discusses nanoscale field-effect transistors and alternative device concepts such as Schottky-barrier MOSFETs as well as steep slope transistors based on different materials. In addition, cryogenic operation of MOSFETs for the realization of, e.g., classical control electronics of semiconducting spin qubits is studied. The work contains a number of tasks, examples and exercises with step-by-step video solutions as well as tutorial videos that deepen the understanding of the material. With additional access to simulation tools that allow students to do computational experiments, the emphasis is on thorough explanation of the material enabling students to carry out their own research.

This book is a basic textbook of comprehensive thermal science and energy utilization technologies, which is divided into two parts: Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. Engineering Thermodynamics mainly introduces the basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics, thermophysical properties of commonly used working medium, analysis of typical thermal processes and cycles and ways to improve the cycle efficiency. Heat Transfer mainly introduces the basic laws of heat conduction, convection and radiation, together with the solving methods and technical measures to control the heat transfer process, and design and check methods for heat exchangers. This book absorbs the experience and advantages of similar textbooks, enriches the discussion of basic concepts and laws, and expands the scope of knowledge of thermal engineering. Whether the readers are students embarking on their academic journey or seasoned engineers seeking to enhance their understanding of thermal phenomena, "Thermal Engineering: Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer" is an indispensable resource that bridges theory with practice, offering invaluable insights into the complexities of thermal systems and their relevance to modern engineering challenges.

Y. Narayan's work "Modern Carbon Point-based Impedimetric G4 Sensors for Microorganisms Identification" is a groundbreaking investigation into state-of-the-art biosensing techniques in the rapidly developing field of sensor technology. This thorough guide opens a new chapter in the identification of microorganisms by guiding the reader through the cutting-edge field of carbon point-based impedimetric sensors, with a special emphasis on G-quadruplex structures.Y. Narayan, a renowned expert in the domains of nanotechnology and biosensor creation, offers a thorough analysis of the use of G4 structures and carbon nanomaterials in the development and construction of sophisticated sensors. The book explores the complexities of biomedical applications and point-of-care diagnostics, providing insightful information on the rapidly developing nexus between technology and healthcare.Important characteristics:A thorough examination of contemporary carbon point-based sensors and how they relate to the detection of microorganisms.- Useful information about how to apply G4 structures to improve sensor performance.- Applications for quick microbe identification in biomedical research and point-of-care diagnostics.- Thorough discussion of sophisticated sensing systems, graphene, and nanomaterials.- Expert advice from Y. Narayan, a well-known specialist in the creation of biosensors and nanotechnology.For researchers, practitioners, and students working in the domains of analytical chemistry, biotechnology, and bioengineering, this book is a vital resource. With a deep comprehension of the concepts, methods, and uses guiding the creation of contemporary carbon point-based impedimetric G4 sensors, Narayan's experience is evident. Using this comprehensive handbook, you can stay on the cutting edge of biosensor innovation.

Supply Chain Transparency and Sustainability examines the academic literature that investigates both the visibility and disclosure dimensions of supply chain transparency within the context of social and environmental responsibility. In order to present a clear picture of the research landscape for the operations management community, the discussions are focused on research from the behavioral and analytical modeling literature. The primary goal is to discuss the most representative and emerging works in this space so as to highlight future research directions and inspire more research on supply chain transparency. While supply chain transparency is a topic of relevance for many management contexts, this monograph focuses on its role in the context of sustainability. The monograph is organized as follows. First, there is a brief background on the topic of supply chain transparency. The authors then review the behavioral literature on supply chain transparency. This is then followed by a review of the analytical modeling literature that examines transparency-related contexts. Finally, the monograph concludes by discussing potential future research directions.

Welcome to the Reprint of "Innovations in Durability of Sustainable Concrete Materials", a collection presenting cutting-edge research on sustainable and durable concrete. Discover ten insightful manuscripts exploring the various aspects of sustainable concrete technology, from novel materials to advanced modeling methods. This compilation showcases the transformative journey of the concrete industry towards a sustainable future. Join us in this paradigm-shifting exploration at the intersection of durability and sustainability.

The beginning of the 2020s finds connected multimodality at the forefront of urban mobility transformation. Cities grow larger and increasingly face problems caused by transport and traffic. It is expected that Europe's population in urban areas will increase from today's 74% to about 83.7% in 2050. Congestion costs nearly 2% of the EU's GDP annually, while 85% of the EU's urban population is exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at levels deemed harmful to health. To face this challenge, cities increasingly strive to implement SUMPs (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans) to increase the quality of life in their areas and encourage economic growth. Meanwhile, Urban Air Mobility (UAM) offers a promising opportunity to mitigate road (surface) congestion by integrating an additional modality or dimension into the urban mobility landscape. Nonetheless, on the path to fully urban operations of capable automated autonomous aircraft and integrated UAM services, plenty of questions remain open.

This reprint focuses on recent developments in laser measurement technologies and innovative applications. Laser-based measurement and sensing technologies have attracted growing attention due to their advantages of high sensitivity and fast responses. Their applications include industrial production, substance analysis, environmental monitoring, and more. In recent years, with the development of laser source and measurement approaches, many new technologies or applications of laser measurement and sensing have appeared. The topics of this reprint include laser measurement and sensing, micro- and nano-photoelectric measurement, the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, structured light measurement, and so on.