Teknologi: generelle emner

Following the model of teaching from the top down, this book provides a jargon-free foundation in the burgeoning field of nanoengineering.

Thomas A. Edison: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works includes a chronology, entries detailing Edison's inventions, laboratories, business enterprises, public image including his relations with the scientific community. The bibliography includes his publications, biographi...

Hazardous artificial contaminants are molecules of inorganic and organic nature (pharmaceuticals, food sources, heavy metals, dyes, personal care products, detergents, flame retardants, cosmetics, and pesticides) with potential toxicological effects on human health and the environment (air, water, and soil) due to their ubiquity at trace levels. These products could be bio-persistent during conventional treatment processes; accordingly, the adoption of proper and innovative technologies is necessary for the removal of these hazardous, persistent chemicals before their release into the environment. The aim of this reprint, entitled "Innovative Materials and Processes for the Removal of Biopersistent Pollutants", was to collect studies devoted to the recent progress and new perspectives in the treatment and removal of hazardous artificial contaminants in the air, soil, and water supply.

Bioactive compounds, which are abundant in flora, fauna, and microorganisms, can potentially be used by various industries, including pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Their extraction and purification, however, pose significant challenges due to the presence of impurities, interference from other compounds, and the need to maintain their stability as well as activity. It delves into the complexities of these processes, presenting one review paper and eleven original research articles that explore the enrichment, identification, and various aspects of bioactive compounds. A comprehensive review of the current methodologies used for obtaining bioactive products from microalgae was presented. Conventional and green extraction techniques were compared for natural antioxidants from Saudi date fruit. The carotenoid extraction protocol using yeast fermentation technology was explored. The utilization of resins for the adsorption of bioactive compounds was addressed. The ion exchange strategy with Dowex® HCR-S resin was discussed for the isolation and purification of ectoine. The constituents of acidic compounds in the particulate and gaseous phases of mainstream cigarette smoke were analyzed. The composition of bioactive compounds in organically produced cereals, dried sea cucumber viscera, and the medicinal plant Clinacanthus nutans were also investigated. This Special Issue covers other aspects of bioactive compounds, such as optimizing the operating parameters of enzymatic transesterification for producing biodiesel from salmon oil. This Special Issue may inspire future research and innovation in this exciting field.

The emergence of driverless vehicles has generated greater demands and complexities for the automotive radar industry. In the past half-decade, millimeter wave radar technology has made significant strides in large-scale virtual array technology, enabling the acquisition of highly accurate range, velocity, azimuth, and elevation information.This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of the latest cutting-edge methods in radar remote sensing, and their practical applications in intelligent transportation. The articles featured in this reprint delve into a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from fundamental theoretical analyses to pragmatic experiments aimed at solving real-world issues such as interference reduction, communication, and radar sensing specifically tailored for intelligent transportation systems.

This reprint is a collection of the peer-reviewed papers published in the Special Issue "Surface engineering & coatings technologies for corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance" in the Materials journal. The Special Issue reprint aims to bring together the latest developments in this technologically, economically, and environmentally important area. It provides a forum for researchers to share their original work or insight reviews in this field.

Thermal energy storage (TES), also known as heat storage systems, is a technology that accumulates energy when production exceeds demand so that the stored energy can be used later. The stored energy can be used at the user's request for heating and cooling applications or for power generation. TES systems are commonly seen in buildings and industrial processes. On the other hand, conversion and storage, such as solar and wind energy, help to further increase the share of renewables in the energy mix. TES is becoming crucial for electricity storage in combination with solar power, whereby solar heat can be stored for electricity production when sunlight is absent. This is a Special Issue dedicated to recent advances in thermal energy storage and energy conversion technologies. All types of research approaches are compiled in this Special Issue: experimental, theoretical, computational, and their mixtures; papers are both of fundamental and applied nature, including industrial case studies.

Rock and rock-like materials such as concrete, soil, and underground backfilling materials are considered to be geomaterials. Geomaterials are essential for life due to human construct extraction, mining, storage, and transport areas in the Earth's crust for raw material. Drilling and excavations of underground openings in the Earth's crust are requirements for the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, energy resources, and underground spaces. The deepest drilling depth has exceeded 12 km, and the deepest underground excavation now operates mines with depths exceeding 4 to 5 km. Drilling, excavation, and rock support processes largely rely on the physical and mechanical properties of geomaterials. Rock excavations are faced with some instability phenomena, such as caving, rock bursts, slabbing, large deformation, and zonal disintegration, posing a serious threat to the safety of mining and tunneling operations. Rock drilling also encounters many challenges deep underground. Deformation, fracture, failure, and fragmentation are the different stages of geomaterials, the monitoring and control of which are essential for ensuring drilling and excavation safety. Therefore, understanding the response processes of geomaterials during drilling and excavation activities depends on the precise characterizations of geomaterials.

This reprint discussed Coding and compression; Content storing and management; Electronic media; Internet technology; Image and video signals; Multimedia processing; Quality of experience (QoE); Quality of service (QoS); Signal processing; Streaming services; Subjective and objective metrics; User experience (UX).

Revised, third edition of Fiedler and Famer's classical handbook of High Frequency (HF) radio communications by the Near Vertical Incidence Skywave mode, enabling region-wide communication at lower HF frequencies. It is of particular interest to radio amateurs and emergency communicators, documenting years of military experience.

Für alle, die fasziniert vom Fliegen sind und ein tieferes Verständnis dafür entwickeln wollen, wie Vögel und Modellflugzeuge ihre Kreise in der Luft ziehen. Anschaulich und unterhaltsam führt der Autor in die komplexen Sachverhalte von Wirbel, Zirkulation und Auftrieb ein. Verständlich und begreifbar durch zahlreiche Diagramme und Videos. Es gelingt dem Autor die dem dynamischen Auftrieb zugrunde liegenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten besonders anschaulich darzustellen.

Porous media play an important role in a wide range of scientific and engineering problems. Therefore, the problems of their application are associated with the solution of multiscale processes that combine the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy.This Special Issue is devoted to the actual scientific problem of studying the processes of interconnected heat and mass transfer in porous media. This problem is one of the most complex and important fundamental areas of modern science and is of great applied importance. The results of heat and mass transfer studies in porous materials can be used to intensify heat transfer at various power plants in order to increase their energy efficiency. The purpose of this Special Issue is to showcase the latest developments in PM heat transfer and mass transfer technologies that contribute to sustainable development. Despite the fact that considerable attention has been paid to these issues, there is constant demand for innovative solutions to solve a wide range of problems in this area. Therefore, this Special Issue attempts to highlight and propose new solutions to these problems. These works develop a basic understanding of the scientific problems of heat and mass transfer in porous materials. Thematically, it is possible to distinguish three areas covered by the studies within this Special Issue: mass transfer in porous media, methods for the formation of a porous medium, and conjugate heat and mass transfer.

According to the latest NACE estimation (2013), the global cost of corrosion is equivalent to approximately 3.4% of the global GDP (2.5 trillion US dollars), not considering environmental consequences or safety issues. A reduction between 15% and 35% could be realized if prevention techniques and proper precaution are used, which means savings between 375 and 875 billion US dollars. Corrosion involves different sectors such as industry, military, civilian, services, etc., in particular energy production, transport, chemical and petrochemical industries, the mechanical industry, and drink and beverage. Among these sectors, most of the constituents are made out of steel, which is the most produced metal in the world (1808 million tons in 2018), or light alloys, mainly aluminum (60.1 million tons of consumption in 2018).A proper alloy design in terms of composition, heat treatments, microstructural features, etc. is mandatory in order to obtain the best combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance during operation, reducing maintenance costs and the overall impact on the global economy. In fact, microstructural features can affect both the corrosion of the material itself and the eventual production of protective layers on its surfaces.The purpose of this Special Issue was to correlate the key role of the microstructure of steels and light alloys to their corrosion properties.

This reprint, devoted to the topic of "Polymer Materials for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering", gathers a multidisciplinary collection of articles that merge the knowledge and expertise of worldwide researchers who present their latest research in the field of polymer-based materials. This reprint brings together articles that report original research on the design and synthesis of novel drug delivery systems and scaffolds or highlight insights into polymer interactions.

Migration to post-quantum cryptography to prepare for future capabilities of quantum computing has implications for industrial control and operational technology systems. These implications affect how system owners should prepare for the migration.

Learn about some of the greatest inventions of all time and how they changed our world forever in this fascinating book of inventions and daring discoveries.

If you are an engineer, engineering student, or a regular person with engineering curiosity, this is the book for you! Written for all audiences interested in engineering, this book will inform or refresh you on the basics of the profession and clue you into interesting facts - things you don't know or perhaps forgot. Enjoy getting a better idea of why engineering is the way it is. You will:

Das Aufgabenbuch zur Technischen Mechanik 2 (Elastostatik, Hydrostatik) enthalt die wichtigsten Formeln und etwa 150 vollstandig geloste Aufgaben. Weil der Weg zum erfolgreichen Studium der Technischen Mechanik uber das selbstandige Losen von Aufgaben fuhrt, legen die Autoren besonderen Wert darauf, dass Leser befahigt werden Losungswege zu finden und Grundgleichungen zu erstellen. In dem Band werden folgende Themen behandelt: Spannung und Verzerrung, Zug und Druck, Biegung, Torsion, der Arbeitsbegriff in der Elastostatik, Stabilitat, Hydrostatik.

In diesem Sammelband geht es darum, neue Algorithmen aus den Bereichen der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und des Künstlichen Lebens (KL) und deren praktische Anwendung zu zeigen. Der wesentliche Aspekt des Bandes ist, dass in den Beiträgen exemplarisch gezeigt wird, dass und wie diese neuen Algorithmen auf praktische Probleme in sehr verschiedenen Bereichen erfolgreich eingesetzt werden können: Von der Modellierung betrieblicher Abläufe und des Managements bis zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bei der Wahl der Start- und Landebahn eines Flughafens, von der Analyse von Sensordaten bis zur Überwachung, Auswahl und Optimierung technischer Systeme sowie Alternativen für die Bildverarbeitung.

This graduate textbook provides a self-contained introduction to the classical theory of partial differential equations (PDEs). Through its careful selection of topics and engaging tone, readers will also learn how PDEs connect to cutting-edge research and the modeling of physical phenomena. The scope of the Third Edition greatly expands on that of the previous editions by including five new chapters covering additional PDE topics relevant for current areas of active research. This includes coverage of linear parabolic equations with measurable coefficients, parabolic DeGiorgi classes, Navier-Stokes equations, and more. The ¿Problems and Complements¿ sections have also been updated to feature new exercises, examples, and hints toward solutions, making this a timely resource for students.Partial Differential Equations: Third Edition is ideal for graduate students interested in exploring the theory of PDEs and how they connect to contemporary research. It can also serve as a useful tool for more experienced readers who are looking for a comprehensive reference.

This book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book's treatment of cutting-edge application studies.

Die Digitalisierung sowie der damit einhergehende Wandel von Gesellschaft und Arbeitsleben verändern die Anforderungen an Hochschulen, Lehrende und Studierende. Dabei entsteht eine neue Kultur digitaler Lehre mit großen Chancen und Herausforderungen für alle Akteursgruppen.Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Open-Access-Sammelbandes beleuchten die Entstehung digitaler Kulturen in der Hochschullehre und stellen neue Konzepte, Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten sowie Evaluationsergebnisse digitaler Lehr-Lern-Wege vor. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in den Ausführungen auch digitale Werkzeuge und deren Anwendung sowie Weiterentwicklung in den Blick genommen ¿ sowohl für reine Online-Formate als auch für Mischformen aus digitalen und klassischen Lehransätzen.

Interaction of Disturbances in Shear Flows aims to provide a comprehensive, in-depth overview of the current state of knowledge on the subject. Authored by a recognized expert with decades of experience and many software patents to his credit, the volume covers advances in computational fluid dynamics to showcase innovative ways to apply physical measurements and visualization patterns to solve various aero- and hydrodynamic problems. It also delves into analytical methodologies to compare and contrast with the theoretical models most commonly used in the field. Additionally, it demonstrates the significance of comprehending and managing disturbances in shear flows, discussing practical applications of the research to optimize the design of aircraft, automotive vehicles, and marine vessels, with a strong emphasis on enhancing aero- and hydrodynamic efficiency, fuel economy, and the reduction of harmful emissions. Academia and industry readers alike will find this a useful resource to equip themselves with the tools needed to understand and address practical engineering challenges encountered in their studies or work.

The field of nanotechnology for targeted therapy initiated more than decade ago has grown fast and interest is increasing. Given the importance of the field for targeted drug and gene delivery systems, there are a large number of laboratory investigations today researching nanobiomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Because of the ability of scientists to load nanoparticles with any agent, interest continues to grow and technology in this arena is rapidly evolving. These emerging nanobiomaterials-based medicines can overcome the disadvantages of traditional medicines by target-oriented and site-specific delivery of precise medicines (immunotherapeutic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, diagnostic agents, and so on).Pharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology for Targeted Therapy presents an updated overview of recent advancements in the field of pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology and nano-based drug and gene delivery systems. This comprehensive knowledge will allow researchers to discover innovative nanobiomaterials for targeted therapeutics. The chapters deal with various emerging nanobiomaterials for targeted therapeutic delivery systems and the writing is in a style that is easily disseminated and in a manner that can be readily adopted as sources for new and further studies.This book should be useful for researchers and professionals from academia and industry working in the field of nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, as well as in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. It should also be useful to those interested in a range of disciplines from material science, chemistry, molecular biology, polymer chemistry, and many more interdisciplinary areas.

INTRODUCTION TO FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONIn history, we read that, man has employed several artificial techniques to send information over long distances. For Example, they used reflected sunlight or smoke signals during day time and fire beacons at night time. At 18th Century, they used semaphore method. (i.e. sending signals by moving flags). Then Semaphore method was overtaken by Telegraph on land and flashing and occulting of lamps at sea. Later on these methods were replaced by telephones and by wireless telegraphy. Now information is transmitted as a sequential stream of light pulses, guided along optical fibers. It acts as the transmission medium to carry the light beam loaded with information.Fiber optic communication is a method which is used to transmit information from one place to another place by sending light pulses through an optical fiber. Optical fiber is a good medium for long distance broadband communication. It plays an important role due to its properties like high bandwidth, high level of security and long distance transmission. Fiber optic communication has great advantages over the conventional cable communication system.The most important advantage is the availability of tremendous bandwidth which is a measure of the information carrying capacity. Some of the other advantages are: i) less weight, ii) no hazards of short circuits, iii) low cost and iv) immunity to temperature and moisture conditions.