Teknologi: generelle emner

This Special Issue, titled "Problems during the Design and Testing of Instrument, Special and Power Transformers", presents and disseminates the latest developments in the theory, design, modeling, and laboratory testing of all types of transformers. The scope includes design calculations and diagnostics of various types and structures of 1- and 3-phase power transformers, special transformers, and measurement transformers with various applications. Design requirements concern exploitation and optimal design methodologies, advanced device modeling methods, and technical research methods.

In the past decade, the rapid increase in the production of fossil energy has been made possible by effective reservoir stimulation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. As one of the most important reservoir stimulation technologies, hydraulic fracturing aims to increase the contact area between the target formation and production well. Such stimulation technologies usually involve complex fluid-solid coupling processes, including fracture initiation, fracture propagation, and fracture conductivity, etc. Enhanced oil recovery has been used to solve the problem of oil rate declining sharply after a period of production. In this process, some special chemicals will be injected into the reservoir to increase the recovery effectiveness of the residual oil. EOR processes often involve complex physical-chemical processes, including liquid emulsification, water-rock reactions, etc. Therefore, the progress of reservoir stimulation and EOR technology will contribute to the rapid development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Meanwhile, these technologies are also used in the development of geothermal and coal resources.

The reprint presents scientific papers focused on a wide range of environmental engineering topics, including water and wastewater management, water and sediment pollution control and remediation, waste management, soil degradation, conservation and remediation, landscape management, and climate change and the carbon footprint of construction. This issue provides an integrated view of the trends in environmental engineering and the solutions to the problems associated with achieving sustainability.

This Special Issue aimed to assemble works associated with the different aspects of polymeric composites. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 original papers in the areas of the design, production, and assessment of the properties of new materials.

Wind power took on a leading role as the primary power source during the expected realization of carbon neutrality. Currently, large horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) have become mainstream, progressing toward further increasing their size, which is not easy. For floating offshore wind turbines, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), in which the tilt of the axis of rotation is not an issue, could be superior to HAWTs. There has also been a possibility to increase the output power of small VAWTs via proximity arrangement, which could lead to small VAWT wind farms utilizing land more effectively. Furthermore, owing to the inherent characteristics of VAWTs, i.e., no wind direction dependence resulting in a simple structure, low-cost wind power generation equipment can be developed, regardless of the size and application of the VAWT. As we move toward a carbon-free society, it is important to investigate various possibilities of VAWTs. Therefore, this Special Issue collected original papers on various topics related to VAWTs. The collected papers are classified into four groups, including four papers related to the interaction among rotors in wind turbine clusters, four papers related to the optimization of rotor shape/construction (using machine learning, deflection or end plates, and the gap between the main blade and arm), one paper related to the effects of the rotor axis's inclination on the offshore floating VAWT performance, and one paper related to the life cycle assessment. Our aim is for this Special Issue to contribute to the practical application of vertical-axis wind turbines.

The safety of engineering structures under natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, wind, fire and tsunamis) is a subject of great interest to researchers, and is important for protecting human life and reducing economic losses. This reprint focuses on experimental, theoretical, computational and relevant research on advanced methods in the design and disaster mitigation of engineering structures, including the following: analysing and simulating natural hazards; damage assessments of engineering structures under natural hazards; modelling and applications of new construction materials for structural engineering; design methodologies of innovative structural components and systems; advanced testing and modelling technologies; maintenance, repair and retrofit of existing structures; vulnerability, risk and reliability assessments of engineering structures under earthquakes, wind, fire and tsunamis; and advanced methods for the evaluation and design of resistance and resilience features of structural systems.

Ultra-Precision Engineering (UPE) is a comprehensive field that concerns the design, manufacture and measurement of ultra-precision components and systems. With the progress of new solutions to UPE, the demand of advanced mechatronic systems with high-performance on freedom, stroke, resolution, accuracy and bandwidth has been continuously increasing. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 excellent research papers published in Actuators, showcasing and discussing new advances in actuators and mechatronic systems for UPE as well as ultra-precision machines.

The study of uncertain systems has played a significant role throughout the history of control engineering due to unknown quantities often being present in the mathematical model of a plant. In this monograph the author provides a unified framework for the fundamental and challengingarea of robustness analysis of uncertain systems, where even the most basic problem of establishing robust stability may be still present. This framework uses linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to exploit polynomials that can be expressed as sums of squares of polynomials (SOS). The author guides the reader through the motivations for using the framework including considering various types of uncertainties; providing guarantees for robust stability and robust performance; requiring the solution of convex optimization problems; allowing for trade-off between conservatism and complexity; and concluding with a number of special case methods. This monograph can be used by researchers and students to understand the issues and use the numerical examples to identify the use of the framework in modern controls systems.

This Topic "Sustainable Energy Technology" covers a number of papers concerning sustainable energy technologies such as floating tidal current power stations, solar-powered thermoelectric-based cooling and heating systems, life cycle assessment of merging recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries, organic Rankine cycle system review, offshore floating wind turbine, biomass integrated air gasification regenerative gas turbine power plants, etc. Therefore, studies of advanced techniques and methods in sustainable energy technology are included. This Topic also includes a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research papers that address the recent progress in sustainable energy technology. It also provides cutting-edge research in sustainable energy technology development. Overall, this Topic is conducive to researchers, advanced students, technical consultants, and decision-makers in industries and politics for learning advances in energy development trends.

Carbon-based nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc. have been extensively explored recently. This is because these nanofillers assist in improving the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polymer composites. This Reprint provides insight into recent advances in present research activities on material science, manufacturing techniques, and their multi-functionality within polymer composites. With the advancement of research, new novel materials are expected, with a special focus on ongoing challenges in present scenarios. Therefore, this Reprint will provide readers with up-to-date literature on the research on nanofillers-based polymer composites, their current scenarios, and the future prospects of the work in this area.

This edited volume focuses on challenges facing science education across three areas: curriculum, teacher education, and pedagogy. Integrating a diverse range of perspectives from both emerging and established scholars in the field, chapters consider the need for measured responses to issues in society that have become pronounced in recent years, including lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic, the environment, and persisting challenges in STEM teaching and learning. In doing so, the editors and their authors chart a potential course for existing and future possibilities and probabilities for science education.

This open access book offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Digital Twin (DT), which is a very promising technology for achieving digital intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks. DT is a key technology to connect physical systems and digital spaces in Metaverse.The objectives of this book are to provide the basic concepts of DT, to explore the promising applications of DT integrated with emerging technologies, and to give insights into the possible future directions of DT. For easy understanding, this book also presents several use cases for DT models and applications in different scenarios.The book starts with the basic concepts, models, and network architectures of DT. Then, we present the new opportunities when DT meets edge computing, Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, anddistributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning, multi-agent deep reinforcement learning). We also present a wide application of DT as an enabling technology for 6G networks, Aerial-Ground Networks, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of DT. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

This book publishes the work presented at the 1st Olympiad in Engineering Science (OES 2023), an international congress and contest aiming to disseminate and evaluate the recent advances in Engineering Science. The book covers diverse domains of engineering. From Machine Learning applications in Thrust Bearings' behavior to Optimization Techniques for space applications, each chapter presents innovative solutions to complex challenges. The Automatic Control section explores distributed intelligence in watercraft and supervisory control for manufacturing systems. In Data-Driven Engineering, simulations assess pedestrian comfort and model reconstruction. The Diagnostic-Prognostic Methods section delves into unbalance identification and steel truss bridge validation. Finally, Numerical and Analytical Methods in Engineering Mathematics cover everything from boundary integral methods to analytical solutions for fluid flows.

The book systematically accounts for the scientific and technological problems of nanostructured silicon in the form of porous and black silicon. Nanostructured silicon is currently a pioneer research topic worldwide due to its enormous potential applications for modern electronic devices, such as sensitive photodetectors, solar cells, biochemical sensors, hydrogen generators, and display devices. The main structural modifications of this nanomaterial are porous and black silicon. Porous silicon addresses crystalline silicon with nanopores and black silicon with nanoneedles. Historically, porous silicon is thought to be a kind of precursor to black silicon. The formation, research, and application of nanostructured silicon remains the main cornerstone of nanotechnologies, and this book is useful for a wide range of researchers in the fields of semiconductor physics, micro-, and nanoelectronics. The author outlines the prospect of black silicon fabrication and its various applications. As for porous silicon, the book contains a detailed analysis of this material as a precursor of black silicon. This allows it to be possible to carry out correlations between two structural modifications of nanostructured silicon to clearly and reasonably show their advantages and disadvantages. With many references to a vast resource of recently published literature, this book serves as an important and insightful source of valuable information and provides scientists and engineers with new ideas to better understand the formation processes of nanostructured silicon as well as improve and expand their properties.

This reprint is a collection of articles in the Special Issue "Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 2nd Edition", published in Micromachines, containing one Editorial, nine original research articles, and one review article. This reprint showcases the latest progress in the field of energy harvesting and self-powered sensing for enabling a wide range of advanced applications in the era of the Internet of Things, digital health, and metaverse. With broad coverage and deep insights into technology innovations, this reprint can provide readers with detailed design considerations and actual implementations of various energy-harvesting devices and systems, inspiring new ideas to enable the sustainable development and transformation of our society.

"Focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) and reproductive and genetic technologies (Repro-tech), Jude Browne asks who is politically responsible for the impacts of these transformative technologies and examines how we can respond to the societal challenges they pose in a way that is both politically feasible and socially responsible"--

The Impact of the Digital Revolution on CommunicationThe digital revolution is a watershed moment in the history of human civilization. The changes in the ways we transmit and communicate information have changed the world in countless ways, especially the way we connect and interact with each other. In this article, we will take a deep dive into the effects of the digital revolution, examining how it has redefined the communication landscape.The Internet: The Expressway of the Communication RevolutionThe Internet is the driving force of the digital revolution. The Internet has blurred geographic boundaries and created a global communication hyperhighway. Now we can connect with anyone from anywhere in the world in real time, whether through video calls, chatting on instant messaging services, or sharing on social media platforms.Increased Speed and ConvenienceThe digital revolution has revolutionized the speed and convenience of communication. Email, SMS, and instant messaging apps allow us to transmit information in seconds, while traditional letters or telegrams used to take days or weeks. Advances such as fast fiber-optic networks and 5G technology are further increasing data transfer rates, making real-time collaboration and communication possible.The Spread of Diverse PlatformsThe digital revolution has led to the proliferation of diverse platforms for communication. In addition to traditional media such as television, radio, and newspapers, we now have a wide range of digital options, including social media, video streaming services, and online forums. These platforms offer a variety of ways to connect with others and share information, from news and entertainment to personal stories and opinions.The Impact of the Digital Revolution on SocietyThe digital revolution has had a profound impact on society, changing the way we work, learn, play, and connect with each other. Here are some of the key ways in which the digital revolution has shaped our world:· Globalization: The Internet has made it easier than ever for people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect and collaborate. This has led to a more globalized world, with people from all over the world working together on projects, sharing ideas, and learning from each other.· Social change: The digital revolution has also led to social change, giving people a voice and a platform to express themselves. This has led to a more open and democratic society, with people from all walks of life having a say in the issues that matter to them.· Economic opportunity: The digital revolution has created new economic opportunities, with the rise of online businesses and the growth of the gig economy. This has given people more choices about how they want to work and earn a living.

Sumérgete en el fascinante mundo de la gestión de bienes con nuestro libro, donde exploramos a fondo estrategias para administrar de manera eficiente los activos de una industria o empresa de servicios. Desde el mantenimiento y manejo de inventarios hasta las decisiones financieras y de producción, ofrecemos una perspectiva combinada que desentraña la complejidad de este ámbito.En estas páginas, descubrirás la interconexión entre la gestión de mantenimiento, la planificación de inversión y la velocidad de reemplazo, factores clave para adaptarse al cambio constante de la industria. Proporcionamos herramientas concretas para evaluar la criticidad de los equipos y utilizar estos indicadores para fortalecer tus planes de mantenimiento. Además, abordamos temas modernos como mantenimientos predictivos y proactivos, realidad extendida, ciencia de datos y KPI, guiándote para integrar estas prácticas en la gestión estratégica de bienes.Exploramos cómo las metodologías como 5S, AI, DL, y EAM se entrelazan para crear un enfoque completo y eficaz. Desglosamos conceptos financieros como CAPEX, TIR, y VAN, brindándote una guía paso a paso para mejorar la gestión de bienes en línea con las teorías modernas. Desde la implementación de herramientas como GMAO/CMMS hasta estrategias como JIT y VSM, te proporcionamos un panorama completo para lograr una gestión eficiente y sostenible.Los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación confirman que es posible implementar con éxito esta estrategia integral. Utilizamos diversas herramientas, desde la metodología 5S hasta tecnologías avanzadas como AI y DL. Además, te introducimos en conceptos clave como CAUE, COV, y RAM, proporcionándote una guía práctica para mejorar la gestión de bienes de acuerdo con las últimas tendencias.Este libro se convierte en una lectura esencial para aquellos que buscan no solo comprender, sino también aplicar las mejores prácticas en la gestión de bienes. Transforma tu enfoque, optimiza tus recursos y lleva tu empresa a la vanguardia con las estrategias y herramientas que presentamos. ¡Descubre el potencial de una gestión de bienes eficiente y sostenible en el competitivo mundo empresarial actual!