Materialelære

This book highlights the role of sustainable development in ancient practices to modern innovations in the textiles of Sri Lanka. It reveals the textile of Sri Lanka from the historical age to current tech-fabrics. Supporting the sustainable development goals, this book covers the most sought-after concepts and practices in textile industry of Sri Lanka such as of maximum utilization, zero waste, eco-friendly production process, reuse, upcycling, recycling, and longevity. Various topics covered in this book are indigenous cultural textiles, women empowerment, agro-waste utilization, secondhand-fashion consumption, and many more. The book is a valuable reference for beginners, university students, researchers, and professionals interested in sustainable development in textiles and allied fields.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Conference and Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE 2021) organised by the Indian Society for Non-destructive Testing (ISNT). This book covers topics from wide domains from conventional to advanced NDE, including conventional and advanced NDE methods, drone-based inspections, thermal wave imaging, NDT data fusion, material characterization, waveguide sensors, inspections of civil structures, medical applications such as bone density and cancer diagnosis, periodic maintenance, life estimation, as well as structural integrity and related areas. This book serves as a useful reference for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

This book is intended to shed light on the computational modeling and experimental techniques that are used in the characterization of various polymer based composite materials. It covers mechanisms, salient features, formulations, important aspects, and case studies of polymer composite materials utilized for various applications. The latest research in this area as well as possible avenues of future research is also highlighted to encourage the researchers.

This book examines the progress in the biotechnology sector in India towards knowledge and innovation driven Bioeconomy. The chapters of the book review different genome editing techniques and the GM crops focusing on the emerging potential in agricultural biotechnology. Chapters on Vaccines and AI in healthcare unfold huge opportunities in medical biotechnology. The book covers the advances in biotechnology towards delivering important benefits of healthcare, particularly through the pharmaceutical industry focusing on new healthcare interventions and delivering innovations. Further, it explores the major opportunities in industrial biotechnology related to bio-pharma, biorefinery, fermentation biotechnology, and growing synergies between industry-academia. Toward the end, the book also reviews the genetic regulation and the critical role of HRD. In summary, the book emphasizes on India as a strong bio-manufacturing hub for innovative, affordable and accessible products for the society and also for global markets while describing the sector wise strategies required.

This book presents select proceedings of the Indian Conference on Applied Mechanics (INCAM 2022). It includes the latest research on solid mechanics, impact mechanics, fluid mechanics, biomechanics, materials science and design engineering. Additional topics covered in this book are additive and advanced manufacturing, mechanics of energetic materials, mechanics in agriculture, flight and drone mechanics, mathematical methods in mechanics and precision metrology. The book is useful for researchers and academics from a broad range of engineering disciplines, such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, automotive engineering, biomedical engineering and material science.

This book presents the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advancements of Mechanical Engineering (ICRAME 2022), which was held during 4th to 6th February 2021 at National Institute of Technology Silchar. The book entails the recent developments in different fields of mechanical engineering. The topics covered in this book include thermal engineering, design engineering, production and industrial engineering and surface engineering. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

Smart nanomaterials are making their presence ever so noticeable in areas like environmental protection and remediation, as well as in many other fields of study. The international team of expert researchers behind Smart Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications aims to spotlight the latest, rapid developments in the design and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale and to concisely present information regarding their novel methods of utilization for the safeguard of the environment, while at the same time apprising readers of challenges encountered and anticipated prospects. The volume illustrates state-of-the-art, actionable content, which is relevant and extremely valuable for those who want to apply this up-to-date knowledge in industry too.

Advances in Nanostructures: Processing and Methodology to Grow Nanostructures provides readers with the most appropriate nanostructuring methods used for obtaining nanoparticles with specific requirements suitable for different applications, taking into consideration characteristics such as dimension and shape. The different methods used to synthesize nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed, along nanomaterials’ properties and characterization techniques reviewed. Chapters on advanced nanostructures’ applications provide in-depth knowledge on applications of these nanostructures in interdisciplinary fields, such as energy, environment, and healthcare areas.

Nanomechanics of Structures and Materials highlights and compares the advantages and disadvantages of diverse modeling and analysis techniques across a wide spectrum of different nanostructures and nanomaterials. It focuses on the behavior of media with nanostructural features where the classic continuum theory ceases to hold and augmented continuum theories such as nonlocal theory, gradient theory of elasticity, and the surface elasticity model should be adopted. These generalized frameworks, tailored to address the intricate characteristics inherent at the nanoscale level, are discussed in depth, and their application to a variety of different materials and structures, including graphene, shells, arches, nanobeams, carbon nanotubes, porous materials, and more, is covered.

Nanophototherapy: Preparations and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the various multifunctional nanoparticles used for phototherapy, with an emphasis on fundamental nanotechnology and the latest research of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The different types of phototherapeutic nanomaterials are thoroughly described, along with their structural features and synthesis. This is the first book to cover nanomaterial-based phototherapy for both cancer and bacterial infections. It is an essential resource for researchers, academics, and professionals interested in the potential of multifunctional nanomaterials for therapeutic applications.

Nanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials: Synthesis and Applications provides a detailed overview of nanostructured materials for application in Li-ion batteries, supporting improvements in materials selection and battery performance. The book begins by presenting the fundamentals of Lithium-ion batteries, including electrochemistry and reaction mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of Li-ion batteries, and characterization methods. Subsequent sections provide in-depth coverage of a range of nanostructured materials as applied to cathodes, electrolytes, separators, and anodes. Finally, other key aspects are discussed, including industrial scale-up, safety, life cycle analysis, recycling, and future research trends. This is a valuable resource for researchers, faculty, and advanced students across nanotechnology, materials science, battery technology, energy storage, chemistry, applied physics, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering. In an industrial setting, this book will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals working with advanced materials for Li-ion batteries and other energy storage applications.

Polymers and Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites provides a detailed review of recent progress in this important research field. The chapters cover new developments in synthesis methods, fabrication techniques, sample preparation methods, surface modification, characterization, methods of enhancing the properties of these materials and industrial applications in energy, environmental, oil and gas, sensors, corrosion, biomedical and structural applications. The book provides a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists and engineers working in the fields of polymer science and engineering, polymer composites and nanocomposites.

Sustainable Materials for Food Packaging and Preservation: Food Security and Sustainability discusses the recent trends and development of bio-based sustainable materials, focusing on their fabrication and application in food packaging and food preservation. This book brings together fundamental information and the most recent advances in the characterization, processing, and modification of sustainable materials and their impact on food packaging and storage of food products for improving their shelf life. Special attention is given to smart, active, and edible packaging, and the utilization of nanoemulsion and nanoencapsulation in the food industry is also discussed. In addition, the book reviews the use of proteins, polysaccharides, and microbial and chemically derived materials for food preservation.

Plant Tuber and Root-based Biocomposites: Development, Characterization, and Applications discusses the latest advances in this important research field. The book details novel tuber and root-based materials individually and covers their manufacturing, characterization, and applications. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental properties of these materials to address challenges and opportunities for industrial commercialization in the future. Various applications in food, medicine, textiles, biofuel, pulp, and paper-making industries, as well as bioenergy, packaging, and automotive, are covered.

Paper-based Optical Chemosensors comprehensively discusses the origin, development, and current state-of-the-art in paper-based sensors. With a focus on the principles, classifications, methodology, design, and application of paper-based sensors, this book represents a developing research field with recent innovative applications resulting in a comprehensive presentation of the different physico-chemical techniques using paper sensors. It discloses underlying rules and factors in paper-based sensors and discusses intricate sensing systems and working environments by ways of chemistry and physics for a variety of application scenarios such as environmental protection, food safety, public safety, and clinical diagnosis. This is a valuable resource for researchers who major in analytical chemistry, or for those who are interested in the development of methods or devices for rapid analysis/monitoring based on paper/membrane-based sensors who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field.

Low Dimensional Materials: Bridging the Fundamental Principles to Practice Applications provides an overview of research on low-dimensional materials, devices, and their applications. There are seven chapters in the book, starting from the basic quantum theory in chapter one, to the control and characterization of the unique structures (chapters two and four), to the relation of the physical and chemical properties with structures (chapter five), and to the practical and promising applications in energy, information, and health (chapter six), before conclusions and future outlook in chapter seven.

Wearable Textile Energy Storage and Conversion Systems brings together the latest research into wearable energy systems, functional materials, power generation, thermal management, integrated energy systems and storage, and novel smart devices in this rapidly developing and highly interdisciplinary area. The book begins by introducing development, classification, and configuration techniques for textile wearable energy storage and conversion systems. This is followed by detailed chapters that focus on individual types, covering in turn lithium-based batteries, sodium-Ion batteries, zinc-based batteries, other metal-based batteries, nanogenerators, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells. The book's final chapters discuss emerging applications, integration and large-scale production, key challenges, and future prospects. This is a valuable resource to all those with an interest in flexible energy storage and conversion techniques, flexible and functional electronics, materials synthesis and fabrication, smart textiles, and wearable technologies, including researchers, engineers, scientists, graduate students, and R&D personnel.

Nonmetallic electroconductive textiles, unlike metals, offer flexibility, durability, moldability, and lightweight attributes. A brilliant quality of these textiles is the capability to alter conductivity through various external stimuli (e.g., strain, torsion, pH, humidity) to suit a specific application such as sensors, heating garments, EMI shielding, energy harvesting devices, and wearable electronics. Based on these concepts, Advances in Electrically Conductive Textiles: Materials, Characterization, and Applications has been structured into three main sections. Section I contains chapters discussing the various preparation methods of electroconductive textiles, Section II contains chapters on their characteristics and features, and Section III details the end-use applications and sustainability of these textiles.

Smart Biomimetic Coatings: Design, Properties and Biomedical Applications summarizes vital research in multifunctional (i.e., anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning properties) surface coatings in various applications such as orthopedic and dental implants, tissue engineering, sensors and more. The book introduces biomimetic coatings, aiding understanding of highly complicated architectures in natural composites, along with discussions on the importance of proper mimicking to achieve composite materials with exceptional performance. The synthesis and unique properties of smart biomimetic coatings are detailed before a wide selection of biomedical applications is explored. This is an important reference of interest to researchers and R&D groups working in materials science, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, and implant design.

Developments in Yarn Spinning Technologies explores the recent advancements in yarn spinning technologies, focusing on improving production and embracing sustainability. While ring spinning remains popular, newer developments in rotor spinning and natural fibre spinning systems are covered.This book also addresses challenges, including the circularity theory, providing concise insights into the evolving landscape of yarn spinning technologies. Ideal for professionals and researchers alike, this book offers valuable perspectives on the industry’s dynamic changes.

Recent Developments and Innovations in the Sustainable Production of Concrete covers the various aspects of sources, materials, and waste products in concrete production, innovation in materials-new technological developments, and the upgradation of existing concrete production systems. Importantly, it covers the so-called EEE aspects (Economy, Energy, and Environment), not touched by other books. The books also highlights the sustainability aspects of concrete production when recycled materials are added. Case studies are used to demonstrate the practical aspect of concrete production, including the machine learning approach.

Spinel Ferrite Materials: Fundamentals, Progress, and Applications provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the latest research in ferrite materials to assist students and researchers from the academy and industry. The book focuses on the synthesis methodology, the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties, and various applications of spinel ferrites. In addition, it investigates the structural, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of spinel ferrite nanoparticles, with a particular focus on synthesis techniques and subsequent applications in biomedicine, microwave absorption, nanoelectronics, wastewater treatment, sensing, and photocatalysis.

Polymer Gears discusses polymer gear design and their efficient mechanical properties, light weight, and low noise during operation. As plastic gears are replacing metallic gears in traditional and new applications, there is still lack of material characterization and complex relations between different geometric and operating parameters. Thus, polymer gear design remains an open challenge. This book serves as a comprehensive and professional guide on the topic, providing readers with current developments carried out in the field of plastic gears production, characterization, and applications. This will include material development, tribological properties, simulations, and processing methods.

Nano-Engineering at Functional Interfaces for Multi-disciplinary Applications: Electrochemistry, Photoplasmonics, Antimicrobials, and Anticancer Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and latest advances of nano-engineering strategies for the design, development, and fabrication of novel nanostructures for different applications in the fields of photoplasmonics and electrochemistry, as well as antibacterial and anticancer research areas. The book begins with an introduction to the fundamentals and characteristics of nanostructured interfaces and their associated technologies, including an overview of their potential applications in different fields. The following chapters present a thorough discussion of the synthesis, processing, and characterization methods of nanomaterials with unique functionalities suitable for energy harvesting, food and textile applications, electrocatalysis, biomedical applications and more. It then concludes outlining research future directions and potential industrial applications.

Char-based Composites: Production, Characterization, Limitations and Emerging Applications provides the reader with a wide spectrum of information on char and biochar-based composites. Emphasis is placed on their production, characterization, applications, and limitations towards commercialization. The book's chapters concentrate on char/biochar as nanofillers in composite materials which are currently used in various advanced technologies including nanotechnology, environmental sectors (gas cleaning and wastewater treatments), energy storage, and solid fuel and catalysts.This book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, as well as biotechnologists working in the development of advanced char and biochar-based composite materials.

Recent Developments of Geopolymer Materials: Processing and Characterisations focuses on the development, processing, and characterization of sustainable and eco-friendly materials, highlighting recent research developments in this field. The book covers the processing and characterization of geopolymers, incorporating green materials from waste and recycled materials specifically for construction applications, as well as advanced processing and characterization for a wide variety of applications. The book provides in-depth chapters on the development, processing, and characterization of sustainable and green materials with extensive uses, such as construction.It is divided into two sections: Development of Geopolymer Materials for Construction Applications and Advanced Processing and Characterization for Wider Applications, and will be a useful resource for academics, engineers, companies, and stakeholders in geopolymers from green materials for a variety of wide applications, including construction materials, ceramics, adsorbents, drilling properties, and simulation analysis.

Polymers for Oral Drug Delivery Technologies covers the fundamentals of oral drug delivery and various aspects of polymer technology in oral drug delivery, from classification and synthesis, to applications and regulatory factors. It presents the oral delivery¿of therapeutics for treating a number of diseases, along with the challenges of oral drug administration to assure a predictive and reproducible pharmacokinetic profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).Polymers play an important role to achieve the targeted release profile consistently of an API in vivo by various functionalities like drug protection from gastric juice, fast release and supersaturation or release within a targeted area of the GI tract.

Renewable and Clean Energy Systems Based on Advanced Nanomaterials: Basis, Preparation and Applications describes the fundamental aspects of a diverse range of nanomaterials used in the fields of renewable and clean energy. Various methods of preparing several different nanomaterials for green energy systems, such as advanced nanomaterials for solar cells, mixed metal oxide-based nanomaterials for hydrogen storage, and active nanomaterials for Li ion batteries are presented along with their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Chapters also discuss novel methods of power analysis, frequency regulation methods, practical applications of solar panels, economic efficiency of solar energy, solar physics, and much more. This is a valuable resource on the basic science, preparation methods, and practical applications of advanced nanomaterials for green energy systems.

This collection is focused on industrial energy sustainability and CO2 management, including processes that improve energy efficiency and reduce or eliminate industrial GHG emissions. Topics address technology areas such as clean energy technologies, innovative beneficiation, smelting technologies, process intensification, as well as CO2 capture and conversion for industrial applications. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:· Decarbonizing Materials Processing· Use of low carbon fuels, feedstock, and renewable energy resources for materials processing.· Emerging processes and techniques for industrial CO2 capture, conversion/upgrade· CO2 and other GHG reduction metallurgy in ferrous, non-ferrous and reactive metals processing, including rare-earth metals.· Energy Efficiency & Industrial Electrification· Electrification of industrial process heat and electrified production of energy carriers (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia)· Energy efficiency improvements for materials processing and smart manufacturing for optimized process control· System integration and thermal integration of process heat, waste heat recovery, and other technologies for industrial energy efficiency· Sustainability Analysis· Techno-economic life-cycle, resource efficiency and circular economy modeling of energy-intensive processes and associated material supply chains· The role of energy education and regulation in energy and materials sustainability