Specifikke sektorers økonomi

"What happens to our trash? Why are our oceans filling with plastic? Do we really waste 40 percent of our food 65 percent of our energy? Waste is truly our biggest problem, and solving our inherent trashiness can fix our economy, our energy costs, our traffic jams, and help slow climate change--all while making us healthier, happier and more prosperous. This story-driven and in-depth exploration of the pervasive yet hard-to-see wastefulness that permeates our daily lives illuminates the ways in which we've been duped into accepting absolutely insane levels of waste as normal. Total Garbage also tells the story of individuals and communities who are finding the way back from waste, and showing us that our choices truly matter and make a difference. Our big environmental challenges--climate, energy, plastic pollution, deforestation, toxic emissions--are often framed as problems too big for any one person to solve. Too big even for hope. But when viewed as symptoms of a single greater problem--the epic levels of trash and waste we produce daily--the way forward is clear. Waste is the one problem individuals can positively impact--and not just on the planet, but also on our wallets, our health, and national and energy security. The challenge is seeing our epic wastefulness clearly. Total Garbage will shine a light on the absurdity of the systems that all of us use daily and take for granted--and it will help both individuals and communities make meaningful changes toward better lives and a cleaner, greener world"--

Thermal Management for Batteries: From Basic Design to Advanced Simulation and Management Methods presents a comprehensive examination of the various conventional and emerging technologies used for thermal management of batteries and electronics. With an emphasis on advanced nanofluids, the book provides guidance on advanced techniques at the component and system level for both active and passive technology. Sections discuss advanced battery technologies and address the design and performance optimization of battery thermal management systems, discuss the design selection of various thermal management systems and parameters selection for different configurations, and more. Advanced techniques such as heat pipes, phase change materials, nanofluids, novel heat sinks, and two phase flow loops are also examined in detail. Presenting the fundamentals through to the latest developments alongside step-by-step guidance, mathematical models, schematic diagrams, and experimental data, this book is an invaluable and comprehensive reference for graduates, researchers, and practicing engineers working in the field of battery thermal management.

Green Imprinted Materials: From Design to Environmental and Food Applications provides a comprehensive overview of green aspects to MIPs. With a strong focus on food and environment, this book provides insights into the state-of-the-art and practice of green chemistry and its approaches to imprinting. Methodologies for the preparation of these materials, as well as their potential in developing sustainable separation and sensing processes in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry are critically discussed throughout the book. Future perspectives of green imprinting technology is also evaluated. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in molecular imprinting science and technology and those interested in green chemistry and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field.

This Handbook presents a detailed and comprehensive examination of the relationship between labour and the built environment, with their connections to human settlements. It synergises these critical focus areas in innovative ways..

This Handbook is the first to explore the emergent field of 'placemaking' in terms of the recent research, teaching and learning, and practice agenda for the next few years. Offering valuable insights from the leading scholars and practitioners in the field, it provides cutting-edge interdisciplinary research on the placemaking sector.

The Political Ecology of Austerity explores the environmental dimension of austerity that has thus far escaped academic, policy, and media attention.Offering a better comprehension of the full socio-environmental impact of austerity measures, the book highlights the importance of considering environmental issues when designing responses to economic crisis in the future. Mobilising detailed case studies from across the world, the volume documents the ways in which austerity impacts global and local ecologies, shapes environmental conflicts and gives rise to new forms and practices of social moblisation and resistance. Bringing together theoretical debates and rigorous case studies, the book proposes 'the political ecology of austerity' as an appropriate method of analysis that can inform our understanding of the shift in environmental protection policies and the intensification of growth practices (green or otherwise) that followed the 2008 global economic crisis. The Political Ecology of Austerity discloses austerity to be a globalised set of tools not only for budgetary discipline, but also for socio-environmental discipline that justifies the continuation of capital accumulation at the expense of further global environmental degradation.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of social and political sciences, environmental studies, urban studies, and political ecology.

This volume investigates how mining affects societies and communities in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan.As ex-Soviet states, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan share history, culture and transitions to democracy. Most importantly, both are mineral-rich countries on China's frontier and epi-centres of resource extraction. This volume examines challenges communities in these countries encounter on the long journey through resource exploration, extraction and mine closure. The book is organised into three related sections that travel from mine licensing and instigation to early anticipation of benefit through the realisation of social and environmental impacts to finite issues such as jobs, monitoring, dispute resolution and reclamation. Most originally, each chapter will include a final section entitled "Notes from the field" that presents the voice of in-country researchers and stakeholders. These sections will provide local contextual knowledge on the chapter's theme by practitioners from Mongolia and Central Asia. The volume thereby offers a distinctively grounded perspective on the tensions and benefits of mining in this dynamic region. Using Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan as case studies, the volume reflects on the evolving challenges communities and societies encounter with resource extraction worldwide.The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of mining and natural resource extraction, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of Brexit on British agriculture and associated areas, discussing the Common Agricultural Policy and the Agriculture Act 2020.The Brexit referendum provoked new debates and questions over the future of agriculture in Britain and the potential positive and negative impacts of Brexit on both farmers and consumers. These debates, as well as the ensuing proposals relevant to the Agriculture Act 2020, have exposed the multidimensional effects of Brexit when it comes to agriculture. With a focus on profitability, the rights of farmers, environmental protection, as well as animal welfare, this book brings together an interdisciplinary analysis of the future of British agriculture in post-Brexit Britain. More specifically, it addresses the criticisms over the Common Agriculture Policy, presents an analysis of the Agriculture Act 2020, and considers suggestions for future developments. Through this analysis, the book suggests a way towards the future, with a positive outlook towards a competitive and sustainable agriculture that will satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers while ensuring environmental protection, animal welfare, and rural development.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and agricultural policy and politics, agroecology and rural development, as well as policymakers involved in Britain's post-Brexit environmental policy.

This book explores the impact of resource extraction and the dynamics of great powers competing for natural resources in the Caribbean. It is a major contribution to development studies literature, appealling to policymakers, students and scholars of Development Studies and Economics, Sociology, Politics, and International Relations.

Health 4.0 is a term that has derived from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), as it pertains to the healthcare industry. This book offers a novel, concise, but at the same time, broad picture of the challenges that the technological revolution has created for the healthcare system.It offers a comprehensive view of health sector actors' interaction with the emerging new technology, which is disrupting the status quo in health service delivery. It explains how these technological developments impact both society and healthcare governance. Further, the book addresses issues related to key healthcare system stakeholders: the state, patients, medical professionals, and non-governmental organizations. It also examines areas of healthcare system adaptiveness and draws its conclusions by analysing recent health policy changes in different countries across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The authors offer an innovative approach to the subject by identifying the critical determinants of successful implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution's outcomes in practice, on both a macro- and microlevel. The macrolevel analysis is focused on essential factors of healthcare system adaptiveness for Health 4.0, while the microlevel relates to patients' expectations with a particular emphasis on senior citizens.The book will appeal to academics, researchers, and students, across a wide range of disciplines, such as health economics, health sciences, public policy, public administration, political science, public governance, and sociology. It will also find an audience among healthcare professionals and health and social policymakers due to its recommendations for implementing Industry 4.0 into a healthcare system.

The tropics is an area of enormous opportunity and potential. The countries situated between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are largely developing in nature. There is huge interest in the types of business investments made in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and the Amazonian tropical belts. These tropical regions continue to face opportunities and challenges in attracting foreign direct investments as well as the need to complement and/or compete with larger economies external to the tropics.This book provides an empirical assessment of the key sociocultural, economic, environmental, and political factors that influence the business dynamics of organizations operating within the tropics. It will address but is not limited to topics such as attracting businesses to the tropics, facilitating smooth, stable conditions for business operations and sustainability, national institutions, and regulations that shape the way business is done, and the increasing deployment of new technologies and entrepreneurial innovations which are defining the global tropics as a distinct business region. It will offer readers a key focus for developing a deeper understanding of the factors and frameworks that influence and shape business activity in the area.While the primary audience for the book consists of academics and students from the fields of economics (environmental economics, developmental economics), business, international trade, tourism, and area studies, it will also provide a practical resource for government policy analysts wanting to fully appreciate some of the key economic and business issues facing the region.

This volume explores institutional change and performance in the resource-rich Andean countries during the last resource boom and in the early post-boom years.The latest global commodity boom has profoundly marked the face of the resource-rich Andean region, significantly contributing to economic growth and notable reductions of poverty and income inequality. The boom also constituted a period of important institutional change, with these new institutions sharing the potential of preventing or mitigating the maladies extractive economies tend to suffer from, generally denominated as the "resource curse". This volume explores these institutional changes in the Andean region to identify the factors that have shaped their emergence and to assess their performance. The interdisciplinary and comparative perspective of the chapters in this book provide fine-grained analyses of different new institutions introduced in the Andean countries and discusses their findings in the light of the resource curse approach. They argue that institutional change and performance depend upon a much larger set of factors than those generally identified by the resource curse literature. Different, domestic and external, economic, political and cultural factors such as ideological positions of decision-makers, international pressure or informal practices have shaped institutional dynamics in the region. Altogether, these findings emphasize the importance of nuanced and contextualized analysis to better understand institutional dynamics in the context of extractive economies.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, natural resource management, political economics, Latin American studies and sustainable development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Es wird erwartet, dass digitale Gesundheitsdaten einen großen Einfluss darauf haben werden, wie die Gesundheitsversorgung in Zukunft verbessert werden kann. Zugleich bieten (digitale) Daten eine große Chance, die Wirtschaft positiv zu beeinflussen. In diesem Buch geht es um die Pläne, eine elektronische Patientenakte einzuführen, in der jeder Patient die Ergebnisse medizinischer Untersuchungen speichern und bei Bedarf abrufen kann. Zugleich soll sie einen wirtschaftlichen Nutzen aufzeigen. Mit 12,1 % des Bruttosozialprodukts stellt der Gesundheitssektor bereits jetzt ein enormes wirtschaftliches Potenzial dar. Trotzdem werden bisher nur 1,8% der jährlichen Gesamtausgaben dafür aufgewendet, die Digitalisierung voranzutreiben. Gleichzeitig steigen die Pro-Kopf-Ausgaben im Gesundheitswesen weiter an. Eine allgemeine Analyse der elektronischen Patientenakte und eine detaillierte Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse zeigen, dass die digitale Speicherung von Gesundheitsdaten das Potenzial hat, Ineffizienzen in der Gesundheitsversorgung entgegenzuwirken. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie Wachstumspotenziale für die IT-Branche durch die Einführung einer flächendeckenden Telemedizin in Deutschland auf. Der Autor identifiziert Verbesserungspotenziale wie die Umsetzung des Datenschutzes und vernachlässigte Bevölkerungsgruppen.

In diesem Buch werden die aktuellen Theorien der europäischen Integration, wie Föderalismus, Neofunktionalismus und liberaler Intergouvernementalismus, mit ihren Stärken und Schwächen vorgestellt. Es wird dann argumentiert, dass die Kombination der republikanischen Theorie mit der Theorie des öffentlichen Gutes, der res publica der öffentlichen Güter, die europäische Integration besser erklären könnte. Die Theorie der öffentlichen Güter muss jedoch übernommen werden, um sie auf den europäischen Republikanismus anwendbar zu machen. Schließlich zeigt das Buch, wie dieser neue Rahmen weitere akademische Debatten beeinflussen kann, z. B. über Souveränität und Währungsintegration, externe Effekte eines gemeinsamen europäischen Marktes und die treibende Kraft der europäischen Integration. Da der republikanische Ansatz nicht einer rein wirtschaftlichen Logik folgt, bleibt Raum für politische Überlegungen und Motivationen.In diesem aktuellen und interdisziplinären Buch verbindet der Autor viele wichtige Stränge der europäischen Integrationstheorie, der Geschichte, der Ökonomie und der Politikwissenschaften, die klar zu einem kohärenten analytischen Diskurs zusammengeführt werden. Seine Stärke liegt in der interdisziplinären Interaktion zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft sowie in theoretischen und praktischen Fragen, die für die öffentliche Debatte in Europa von hoher Relevanz sind.Dieses Buch wird für Wissenschaftler und Studenten von Interesse sein, die sich für wirtschaftliche Integration sowie für Geschichte und politische Philosophie interessieren.

Krankenhäuser nehmen innerhalb eines Gesundheitswesens eine tragende Rolle im Rahmen der stationären Versorgung ein. Wegen ihrer individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung stehen die Ausgestaltung der Krankenhausversorgung und deren Finanzierung, die wesentliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Krankenhausleistungserstellung setzt, regelmäßig im Fokus politischer und gesellschaftlicher Diskussionen. Die Leistungserstellung erfolgt in einem Spannungsfeld vor allem zwischen den Zielsetzungen Bedarfsdeckung, Wirtschaftlichkeit und einer maßvollen Ressourcenbeanspruchung. Dabei kann keine dieser Zieldimensionen vernachlässigt werden, ohne dass dies die künftige Leistungserstellung gefährden würde.Der Umgang mit Zielkonflikten findet sich in der immer intensiver geführten gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion im Zusammenhang mit einem nachhaltigen Wirtschaften wieder. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet die Zielsetzung der Nachhaltigkeit einen vielversprechenden Ansatzpunkt für die Ausgestaltung der Krankenhausleistungserstellung und eines geeigneten regulatorischen Umfelds sowie eine Grundlage für eine konzeptionelle und instrumentelle Weiterentwicklung des Krankenhausmanagements und -controllings.

This book reviews the development of physics-based modeling and sensor-based data fusion for optimizing medical decision making in connection with spatiotemporal cardiovascular disease processes. To improve cardiac care services and patients¿ quality of life, it is very important to detect heart diseases early and optimize medical decision making. This book introduces recent research advances in machine learning, physics-based modeling, and simulation optimization to fully exploit medical data and promote the data-driven and simulation-guided diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Specifically, it focuses on three major topics: computer modeling of cardiovascular systems, physiological signal processing for disease diagnostics and prognostics, and simulation optimization in medical decision making. It provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in personalized cardiac modeling by integrating physics-based knowledge of the cardiovascular system with machine learning and multi-source medical data. It also discusses the state-of-the-art in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing for the identification of disease-altered cardiac dynamics. Lastly, it introduces readers to the early steps of optimal decision making based on the integration of sensor-based learning and simulation optimization in the context of cardiac surgeries. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars in the fields of biomedical engineering, systems engineering and operations research, as well as professionals working in the medical sciences.

Dieses essential bietet einen Einstieg in das Thema IHE - "Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)¿ - und hilft sowohl Einsteiger:innen als auch fortgeschrittenen "Interoperabilitätsförder:innen" dabei, zu verstehen, wie IT-Systeme in Gesundheitsunternehmen die richtigen Daten, zum richtigen Zeitpunkt sicher miteinander austauschen können und wie es IHE schafft dafür Lösungen in den verschiedenen medizinischen Domänen anzubieten.

In diesem Buch werden 199 Videoclips, in denen Gesundheitsbehörden aus 17 Ländern Corona-Präventionsmaßnahmen nahelegen auf persuasive und gestalterische Mittel hin untersucht. . In einer soziologischen, qualitativ orientierten Medienproduktanalyse kristallisieren sich vier wesentliche inhaltliche Überzeugungsmittel heraus, nämlich sachliche Informationen, soziale Einflüsse, Zukunftsszenarien und Furchtappelle. Im Rahmen einer Gattungsanalyse werden diese als variable Merkmale der Binnenstruktur erfasst, die auf eine neu entstehende kommunikative Gattung bzw. Form (Corona-Präventionsvideos) hindeuten.

Ownership of cryptocurrencies and related assets has given rise to self-described "coin-communities." Discussing the notions around social dynamics, this collection explores how crowd and community formations manifest empirically in cryptocurrency sociality online. It suggests that tensions between cryptocurrency adopters generate political, moral, and cosmological realities, which intensify crowding dynamics online. Pioneering in its approach to the increasing digitalization and datafication of everyday life, the volume encourages scholars to explore further how "decentralized" and "trustless" technologies take part in the construction of postmodern crowds.