Filosofihistorie, filosofiske traditioner

In this book, Federico Dal Bo analyzes the question of Heidegger¿s anti-Semitism from a deconstructive point of view, appealing not only to philosophy but also to psychoanalysis, gender studies, and critical studies. Deconstruction famously discourages simplistic oppositions whilst encouraging a more careful analysis of cultural and philosophical complexities of a semantic field. In the present case, a deconstructive analysis of Heidegger¿s anti-Semitism rejects both a stern condemnation of his oeuvre and a simplistic acquittal from this infamous accusation. It rather suggests that the question of his anti-Semitism shall be examined from the broader perspective¿from the end of metaphysics.

Nur ein einziger Schlag reicht aus, um Isas Leben aus dem Gleichgewicht zu bringen. In kürzester Zeit wird aus dem jungen, westlich orientierten Mann ein streng gläubiger Muslim, der sein bisheriges Leben in Deutschland komplett auf den Kopf und in Frage stellt. Auf der ersehnten Pilgerfahrt nach Mekka nimmt sein Leben eine tragische Wendung.Marie erzählt in diesem Buch einfühlsam die Wandlung ihres Schützlings Isa, der Halt in seinem Glauben sucht und damit die enge Bindung, die über mehrere Jahre hinweg bestanden hat, löst. Durch die Ereignisse auf der Pilgerfahrt bekommt Marie Kontakt zu Isas Familie in Syrien und einen Einblick in sein Leben, bevor er nach Deutschland geflohen ist.

Demokratien geraten zunehmend unter Druck. Dabei wird die Bedeutung von Demokratie selbst zum Gegenstand der Auseinandersetzung. Diese Auseinandersetzungen nimmt der vorliegende Band zum Anlass, die Bedeutung von Demokratie grundsätzlich zu untersuchen. Mit dem Begriff der Konstituenzien sind dabei jene wesentlichen Bedingungen gemeint, die Demokratie ausmachen. Die meisten dieser Bedingungen sind normativ. Was Demokratie ist, wird auch und gerade dadurch bestimmt, was Demokratie sein sollte. Damit geht es um jene Normen, deren Verwirklichung politische Praktiken zu demokratischen Praktiken macht. Sind diese Normen nur eingeschränkt verwirklicht, mindert sich der demokratische Gehalt von Politik. Inwieweit ist dann nun aber eigentlich der Fall? Und was können wir dagegen tun? Antworten auf diese Fragen geben einschlägige Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus Philosophie, Politik- und Rechtswissenschaft.

Caravan of Dreams distills the essence of Eastern thought in a feast of Sufi stories, sayings, poems and allegories, collected by one of the world's leading experts in Oriental philosophy and Sufism. Idries Shah builds up a complete picture of a single consciousness, relating Eastern mythology to reality, illuminating historical patterns, and presenting philosophical legends in this unique anthology.Its title is inspired from the couplet written by the Sufi mystic Bahaudin:'Here we are, all of us: in a dream-caravan,A caravan, but a dream - a dream, but a caravan.And we know which are the dreams.Therein lies the hope.'

Ralph Waldo Emerson transformed America by writing in an utterly unique, personal, and insistently optimistic voice about matters that concern us to this day: our lives alone and with others, the true sources of identity, and the specifically American promise of freedom and equality for all. A principal voice of the transcendentalist movement, Emerson embodies an independent American intellectual tradition rooted in deep moral convictions and the pragmatic ability to adapt to changing circumstances. This volume contains Emerson's most consequential essays, selected by NYU University Professor Ulrich Baer, including "Self-Reliance," "Politics," "Experience," and "Friendship," as well as writings about political issues. The introduction by Harold Bloom explains Emerson's unrivaled status as America's foremost philosopher. This beautifully curated Warbler Press edition includes an illuminating biographical timeline of Emerson's life and work.

This book explores the historical and legal importance of two principles, Quod Omnes Tangit, and Tianxia Wei Gong, which have played significant roles in European and Chinese political and legal history. While Quod Omnes Tangit has been thoroughly researched, Tianxia Wei Gong has not been systematically examined. This thesis fills this void and connects these two principles for the first time. Quod Omnes Tangit was initially introduced in Justinian's Codex Civil, while Tianxia Wei Gong originated from Liji, one of the books in a key series of works by Confucius. Liji is comparable to the Thora in the Old Testament and is considered as important as law in Chinese legal history. Both principles have undergone comparable developmental processes, with scholars contributing to their reinterpretation. This book thoroughly examines the interpretations of individual scholars, with particular attention given to Liang Qichao, who is the only one to have mentioned both Tianxia Wei Gong and Quod Omnes Tangit. The book also provides an explanation for the original discrepancies in their concepts, particularly their methodologies in distributing and legitimizing rights. This research will be of interest to legal philosophers and historians in both the Western and Eastern worlds, legal practitioners and policymakers, and researchers seeking to explain current events and explore fundamental differences between the East and West.

The book discusses recent developments in philosophy with regards to how historical events can be explained causally and introduces perspectives from the philosophy of science into the philosophy of history. The book covers the main approaches to causal explanation in history and makes clear the main issues and concepts that are associated with such explanations. For example, the book discusses historical contingency and narratives, among other issues. The book is directed to philosophers of science, philosophers of history, historians, historically oriented social scientists, and everyone who is interested in how we make sense of the past.

This volume emphasizes the diversity and fruitfulness of early modern mechanism as a program, as a concept, as a model. Mechanistic study of the living body but also of the mind and mental processes are examined in careful historical focus, dealing with figures ranging from the first-rank (Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Cudworth, Gassendi, Locke, Leibniz, Kant) to less well-known individuals (Scaliger, Martini) or prominent natural philosophers who have been neglected in recent years (Willis, Steno, etc.). The volume moves from early modern medicine and physiology to late Enlightenment and even early 19th-century psychology, always maintaining a conceptual focus. It is a contribution to a newly active field in the history and philosophy of early modern life science. It is of interest to scholars studying the history of medicine and the development of mechanistic theories.

In den 60er-Jahren des ersten Jahrhunderts n. Chr. hat der römische Politiker und Philosoph Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca der Jüngere) eine Sammlung von 124 Briefen verfasst, in denen er seinem Freund Lucilius Einblicke in seine persönliche Ausdeutung der stoischen Philosophie gewährt. Dabei geht die heute geläufige Einteilung der Briefe in 20 Bücher bereits auf die Antike zurück. Der vorliegende Band beinhaltet die Briefe 96-100 aus Buch 16 in deutscher Übersetzung sowie den lateinischen Originaltext.

Preface to the Expanded Edition In the years since publication of The Perennial Way, I've been humbled and gratified by the reception it has received, and by the wonderful comments from readers about the essential place it has found in their lives and search for Truth. I have also received suggestions about other spiritual works readers would like me to tackle in a similar way, most often the Bhagavad Gita, which I have since published separately, and also two lesser known Advaita classics, Avadhuta Gita and Atma Shatakam, which I've included in this edition. I've also included two other works, Three Books of the Absolute, and Book of Yeshua. Three Books of the Absolute is an epic poem by the modern mystic Richard Rose that dramatically describes his Realization and what was realized. Book of Yeshua contains selected sayings of Jesus of Nazareth, who's name in his native language of Aramaic, is Yeshua. It is excerpted from my book Christ Sutras: The Complete Sayings of Jesus from All Sources Arranged as Sermons, and conveys the inner teachings of Jesus in his own words, teachings that are very similar to those of Advaita, Buddhism, Zen, and the other traditions anthologized here. Readers have also asked why I haven't written about the similarities between all these great teachings and provided more commentary in the introductions. My feeling is that commentary often gets in the way of a reader's direct communion with the masters, and my intention with these translations is that they speak clearly and directly for themselves, with a powerful self-evidence that needs no commentary.Better for you to discover for yourself the similarities between Jesus and Lao Tsu, than for me or anyone else to point them out. Better for you to be caught off-guard and struck speechless by a profound verse in Ashtavakra Gita, than for me or anyone else to tell you what to feel or hear in it-or worse, how to "understand" it. There is nothing in these spiritual masterworks that you don't already know in the deep recesses of your heart and soul. Reading them is a journey into Self. Have at it, and Godspeed.

Erstmalig in der Geschichte vereint ein Buch all das Wissen und die damit verbundenen Weisheiten unserer Vorfahren und Ahnen vom Ursprung (dem Göttlichen) an, bis ins 19. Jahrhundert und darüber hinaus. Aus der ganzen Welt und aus allen Epochen der Menschheit, den Büchern der Religionen und Jahrtausende alter Überlieferungen aus Asien, Nord-, Mittel- und Südamerika, den Hochkulturen der alten Zeit in Afrika und aus Europa, beinhaltet dieses Werk alles, was wir für unseren Weg in die neue Zeit wissen und leben müssen. Es ist ein gewaltiger Schatz, der in unseren Händen liegt, und ein Wegweiser für einen jeden einzelnen Menschen in eine Zeit des hohen ästhetischen Miteinanders, im folgenden goldenen Zeitalter. Ein Revival und die Grundlage für das Wissen der Neuzeit, welches daraus erwächst.

Et opråb imod alliancer mellem autoritære bevægelser, samt en opfordring til at skabe en bred sammenslutning mellem alle dem, hvis kamp for ligestilling er forbundet med kampen mod uretfærdighed. Sociokønnet bør ses på et intersektionelt spektrum, hvor både race, klasse, seksualitet og nationalitet spiller ind. Ved at forestille sig nye muligheder for både frihed og solidaritet tilbyder Judith Butler os et håbefuldt værk med sociale og politiske analyser, der både er aktuelle og tidløse.

Gustav Theodor Fechter ist ein Universalgelehrter des 19. Jahrhunderts, der seine Forschungen als erfahrungsgesättigte Abwehr philosophischer Spekulationen versteht. Überraschenderweise breitet er dennoch umfangreiche Entwürfe zum Leben nach dem Tode und zum Seelenleben der Erde aus. Dabei greift er unbefangen auf paranormale Wahrnehmungsformen zurück. Eine außergewöhnliche Krankheit und ihre rätselhafte Heilung machen ihn ungewollt selbst zum Randgänger an den Grenzen der Rationalität. Der Versuch, diese Grenzen wieder undurchlässig zu machen, läßt ihn eine eigene Wissenschaft erschaffen, die er Psychophysik nennt.Das Buch bietet eine Deutung der zu Fechners Heilung führenden Praktiken und eine auf diesen basierende Interpretation des Gesamtwerkes. Auf dieser Grundlage entfaltet sich eine Untergrundgeschichte des wissenschaftsgläubigen 19. Jahrhunderts zwischen Mesmerismus und Spiritismus.

Zahlreich und vielfältig sind die Wege, die die Interkulturelle Philosophie heute weltweit geht, wie ihre Geschichte und Entwicklung zeigen. Von dieser Pluralität der Wege werden nun in diesem Band nur jene im Fokus stehen, die sich aus der Initiative der Internationalen Kongresse für Interkulturelle Philosophie und der Internationalen Schule für Interkulturelle Philosophie (span. EIFI) entwickelt haben. Diese Tatsache erklärt sich dadurch, dass dieser Sammelband als Hommage für Raúl Fornet-Betancourt anlässlich seines 75. Geburtstages (2021) geplant war, auf dessen Wirken diese beiden Initiativen zurückgehen.Ein herzliches Dankeschön sage ich allen Autorinnen und Autoren. Mit ihren Beiträgen, die wertvolle Einblicke in die aktuelle Weiterarbeit am Projekt der Interkulturellen Philosophie geben, haben sie diese Publikation ermöglicht. Aus verschiedenen Gründen hat sich die Herausgabe des Bandes leider verzögert. Er soll jedoch, wie geplant, Raúl Fornet-Betancourt gewidmet sein.

Subaltern theory emerged as a small voice within academia decades ago. Over time, this work generated significant debate and numerous publications, talks, and conferences. However, little has changed in the experienced lives of the masses. This led people to wonder: ¿the subalterns seem to have a voice, but can they take action?¿; or, in other words, is there subaltern practice?This collection of essays and poems, written with a broad audience in mind, hopes to demonstrate not just how the subaltern can identify and question hegemonic practices, but how they can create alternative frameworks and material that enable themselves and their communities. In doing so, this book aims to demonstrate not just how deep the colonial poisons run, but also how to detoxify ourselves and the environment around us.The writings included in this book study the inequalities that we experience in and around us and suggest actions and practices that can help us regain harmony. It is a callfor action and a sharing of ideas that can enable us to regain balance and fulfil our human responsibilities.

Wozu braucht der Mensch, das aristotelische animal rationale, eigentlich Affekte? Was ermöglichen uns Emotionen wie Freude, Wut und Glück, Stimmungen wie Verzweiflung, Gereiztheit oder Euphorie oder existenzielle Gefühle wie Entfremdung und Vertrautheit, was wir nicht auch ohne sie bewerkstelligen könnten - und womöglich sogar, befreit von der anarchischen Irrationalität unserer Leidenschaften, besser? Haben Gefühle einen eigenen Erkenntniswert, zum Beispiel im Bereich des Sozialen oder des Politischen, die einem »Animal emotionale« gegenüber einem »bloßen« Animal rationale Vorteile verschaffen? Wie lassen sich tiefgreifende Veränderungen im emotionalen Erleben der Welt und der eigenen Verfasstheit, wie sie zum Beispiel im Zusammenhang mit psychiatrischen Störungen auftreten, beschreiben und ausgleichen oder zumindest auffangen? Können Gefühle auf dieselbe oder zumindest ähnliche Art und Weise »unangemessen« sein, wie etwa Überzeugungen falsch sein können, oder gilt De affectibus non est disputandum?Fragen wie diese standen und stehen im Zentrum der Forschung des Philosophen und Kognitionswissenschaftlers Achim Stephan. Anlässlich seiner Emeritierung beziehen Weggefährtinnen und Weggefährten in dieser Festschrift Stellung zu den Leitfragen interdisziplinärer Emotionsforschung.

Alain Locke is most known for his involvement in the Harlem Renaissance. However, he received his PhD in philosophy from Harvard University in 1918, and produced a very large corpus of philosophical work. His work shows him to have been a sophisticated philosopher who thought through practical and theoretical problems regarding the nature of cosmopolitanism, democracy, race, value, religion, art, and education. Although Locke's philosophical work has been discussed in parts, there has been no theorizing about how his different philosophical commitments fit together. In this book Corey L. Barnes begins to systematize Locke's philosophical thought, showing how his democratic theory, philosophy of race, and value theory are connected to and undergirded by a commitment to cosmopolitanism. In so doing, Barnes unearths aspects of Locke's thought-for example, his economic thinking-that have not been accorded attention and reimagines parts of his work about which have been theorized, all while bringing Locke into current debates about each subject.

This book focuses on the unique philosophical relationship between Hedwig Conrad-Martius and Edith Stein. The two phenomenologists discussed and debated insights and ideas about the nature of the soul, phenomenology, personhood and individuality, animal life, nature, being, and God. This book brings together for the first time leading international scholars of phenomenology to explore the philosophical exchange between both Conrad-Martius and Stein. This is an important book for understanding the development of the phenomenological movement and key phenomenological ideas and methods. It provides a critical and comprehensive overview of the key issues that helped frame both phenomenologists' philosophical trajectories. Additionally, the ideas of Conrad-Martius and Stein are mined to address contemporary questions surrounding such topics as personal identity, animal versus human personhood, contemporary atheism, and the relationship between religion and science. The book will have great appeal to phenomenologists, philosophers, and historians of philosophy. 

This book contends that Africa's sustainable development must be built on African identity and values.  Contributors reflect of the role of values in Africa's effort to overcome poverty, the focus of SDG 1. The volume reflects on how indigenous values such as Ubuntu constitute a critical resource in addressing poverty. It reiterates the importance of positioning the response to poverty in Africa on the continent's own, home grown values. Contributors also interrogate how values such as integrity, hard work, tolerance, solidarity, respect and others serve to position Africa strategically to overcome poverty. The volume focuses on how values can help Africa to overcome challenges such as corruption, violence, intolerance, competitive ethnicity, xenophobia, misplaced priorities and others. It provides fresh and critical reflections on the role of values and identity in anchoring Africa's development in the light of SDG 1.

This book deals with the intricate issue of approaching atheism-methodologically as well as conceptually-from the perspective of cultural pluralism. What does 'atheism' mean in different cultural contexts? Can this term be applied appropriately to different religious discourses which conceptualize God/gods/Goddess/goddesses (and also godlessness) in hugely divergent ways? Is my 'God' the same as yours? If not, then how can your atheism be the same as mine? In other words, this volume raises the question: Is it not high time that we proposed a comparative study of atheism(s) alongside that of religions, rather than believing that atheism is centered in the 'Western' experience? Apart from answering these questions, the book highlights the much-needed focus on the philosophical negotiations between atheism, theism and agnosticism. The fine chapters collected here present pluralist negotiations with the notion of atheism and its ethical, theological, literary and scientific corollaries.Previously published in Sophia Volume 60, issue 3, September 2021Chapters "e;Religious Conversion and Loss of Faith: Cases of Personal Paradigm Shift?"e; and "e;On Being an Infidel"e; are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

An intimate mystery encompasses you and tugs upon your heart—what does it mean to follow that tug across the arc of a spiritual life?Reflecting out of more than fifty years of practice in Zen Buddhism, Unitarian Universalism, and other contemplative traditions, James Ishmael Ford invites us into a journey through life's mysteries and the stages of spiritual development.Lightly structured by the archetypal Buddhist oxherding images, Ford’s exploration is rooted in the Zen way while being deeply enriched by various strains of world mysticism. The book, sprinkled with insights and quotes from Buddhist, Daoist, and Christian traditions, serves as a map and a companion to spiritual seekers or pilgrims—whether within one religious tradition or cobbling together a way of one’s own. “Here is the most natural of all natural experiences,” writes Ford. “In the midst of our suffering, our longing, our desperation, we capture a glimpse. Something touches us. And with that, if we are lucky and really notice some movement of some spirit within us, we turn our attention to the intimate way.”