Teknologi: generelle emner

Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in naturanaloge Techniken und verwandte formale Methoden. Zu jeder Technik werden Anwendungsbeispiele gegeben. Dargestellt werden Zellularautomaten und Boolesche Netze, Evolutionäre Algorithmen sowie Simulated Annealing, Fuzzy-Methoden, Neuronale Netze und schließlich Hybride Systeme, d.h. Koppelungen verschiedener dieser Techniken. Auf der Basis der Theorie komplexer dynamischer Systeme werden zusätzlich theoretische Grundlagen dargestellt und es wird auf die Gemeinsamkeiten der auf einen ersten Blick sehr heterogenen Techniken hingewiesen. Die Auflage wurde überarbeitet und erweitert mit aktuellen Trends wie ChatGPT.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 32nd Scientific-Experts Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry, held on December 1-2, 2022, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It reports on the application of molecular, nano- and engineering technologies for food sciences, and plant and animal production. It discusses important agricultural economics and social and environmental issues, proposings some answers to current and future challenges. The chapters reflect the special focus of this conference edition, which was on discussing strategies for developing a more resilient and sustainable agrifood systems. Offering a timely snapshot of cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research and methods, this book addresses researchers, professionals, and stakeholders in the broad field of agriculture and food sciences, biotechnology, and bio- and nanoengineering.

This concise text provides the concepts, methods, and application examples for integrating sustainability into engineering design and production. It discusses the role of sustainability in the value creation processes of various enterprises and different tools and methods for systematic incorporation of social and environmental aspects into the product's life cycle. The following topics are covered: sustainable development in engineering systems and the life cycle concept, norms and standards in the sustainable development and integration of socio-economic assessment into technical valuation, production systems, management of the production systems based on circular economy principles, ecodesign practices, and value creation and innovative design in the circular economy.Provides a concise guide for engineering students for applying circular economy practicesPresents examples and short case studies for understanding the methods and toolsFacilitates understanding and application of the life cycle perspective in product manufacturing and green engineering

This textbook summarizes the course of engineering mechanics, designed for one or two semesters, at the undergraduate or graduate level for a range of academic majors. The book covers all the main components of the discipline including: Theoretical Mechanics, Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, Resistance of Materials, Machine Parts and Design Basic; and Interchangeability, Standardization, and Technical Measurements. It can also be used by students of other technical areas in to achieve competence in each of the listed disciplines. The concise presentation facilitates concentration on the most important elements of the concepts presented while also outlining the current state of mechanics, demonstrating engineering applications using various computer packages (MathCad, CosmosWorks, Inkscape, AutoCad), and updating data on engineering materials. Examples of both simple and complex engineering calculations are given at the end of each chapter along with self-assessment questions.

This book presents the separation principle which is also known as the principle of separation of estimation and control and states that, under certain assumptions, the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the system's state, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller for the system. Thus, the problem may be divided into two halves, which simplifies its design. In the context of deterministic linear systems, the first instance of this principle is that if a stable observer and stable state feedback are built for a linear time-invariant system (LTI system hereafter), then the combined observer and feedback are stable. The separation principle does not true for nonlinear systems in general. Another instance of the separation principle occurs in the context of linear stochastic systems, namely that an optimum state feedback controller intended to minimize a quadratic cost is optimal forthe stochastic control problem with output measurements. The ideal solution consists of a Kalman filter and a linear-quadratic regulator when both process and observation noise are Gaussian. The term for this is linear-quadratic-Gaussian control. More generally, given acceptable conditions and when the noise is a martingale (with potential leaps), a separation principle, also known as the separation principle in stochastic control, applies when the noise is a martingale (with possible jumps).

Das Buch geht auf die konkreten Probleme der Führung in der IT ein, räumt mit überholten Standardlehren auf und konzentriert sich auf die Fähigkeiten der IT-Führungskraft der Zukunft. Der Leser erhält sofort umsetzbare Handlungsempfehlungen, die durch Fallbeispiele auf Basis von Interviews mit IT-Führungskräften internationaler Unternehmen ergänzt werden.Wenn Sie es als IT-Führungskraft satt haben, dass die IT als Kostenfaktor statt als Business Enabler gesehen wird, wenn Sie überzeugt sind, dass die IT der Zukunft eine ganz andere Arbeits- und Führungsweise erfordert, wenn Ihre IT nicht mehr als Handlanger zur sinnbefreiten Kennzahlen-Generierung missbraucht, sondern als innovativer Partner des Business akzeptiert werden soll, dann ist dieses Buch genau das Richtige. Wollen Sie jedoch weitermachen wie bislang, ist es nichts für Sie.

The mining industry is criticized worldwide for generating large quantities of solid mine waste, often with a negative impact on the environment. Their reuse as an alternative raw material in construction materials is a promising environmental solution. The aim of this work is to propose reliable and feasible solutions for the manufacture of ecological bricks from two types of waste: thermal power plant waste, i.e. fly ash and bottom ash, and metal smelting residues, i.e. slag. This recovery method enables pollutants to be frozen in the vitreous phase of the brick. These materials are mixed with cement, gravel and sand to produce paving bricks. These are then assessed for their mechanical (compressive strength) and environmental (heavy metal release) properties. The results of this study led to the conclusion that bricks with a slag content in excess of 30% have better compressive strengths.

The book gives an overview about automation technology over the last 50 years, based on my own experiences. It is a good summery for automation since 1970 for all who want to know about the context of automation developments and their standards. It is a fundamental summery and enables the reader to get experience in the complex field of automation.In detail the question is arised, whether Industry 4.0, China 2025, IoT, AI are a revolution or more an evolution of timewise established availbale technologies in HW, SW and algorithms.  Is the hype about Industry 4.0 justified or not?In that context a timelline since 1970 ist shown for AI, ANN, essential milestones in automation, e.g OSI-model, automation pyramid, standards for bus systems,  main SW-languages, robots, AI, ANN, pattern recognittion, Ethernet, the 12 most important international field busses, their main features and characterisitcs, foundation of committees, harmonization and standardization efforts, OPC UA and cloud computing, field devices, PLCs, SCADA, MES, ERP  and automation history. All that history is seen in the context of u-controller, DSP (Digital signal processor), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) , Chip on Board. It is include the HW-history, from Intel 8080 to octuple multicore processors. In the same way it is shown the history of field device out from laboratory into the field with all difficulties and benefits of that transition. The issues are summerized in a pyramid of complexity. Requirements for robustness and safety are shown for field devices.  In the same way it is shown the development of mainframes, workstations and PC's. SAP a leading ERP System  is explained in mor detail. Specially it is figured out how SAP works and what has to be considered in working with such kind of system. The differences between MES- and ERP-systems are discussed, specially also for future combined SAP/MES systems. Explained are the problems of middlesized companies (SMEs) in dealing with Industry 4.0 and automation. Further examples are given and discussed for automized quality control in automotvie, PCB-handling, CIGS (Solar cell)-production. Also shown is the upgrade for older products and make them ready for automation standards. In detail the history oft he modern robotics is shown for the automotive industry. In summery also is figured out the Industry 5.0 which is just coming up more and more.       

This book describes a detailed multi-scale approach integrating nano- (active site), meso- (porous catalyst architecture) and macroscale (reactor) efforts, to address the challenges of producing a better epoxidation catalyst. It contains an in-depth study of the design and synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their application as a catalyst for direct gas phase propylene epoxidation. "e;Direct"e; means using only hydrogen and oxygen in one step, which is key for sustainable manufacturing, as opposed to commercialised, more complex production routes requiring multiple steps, or integration with another chemical plant. The insights gained can be used for rational design for stable and selective catalysts for other reactions. It also details the step-by-step process to build an epoxidation reactor system with a focus on safety aspects, which can be used as a guidebook for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering. Beyond heterogeneous catalysis, the new, easily accomplished methodology for synthesising atomically precise nanoparticles is shown to be relevant to electrocatalysis and to healthcare applications, such as anti-microbial surfaces.This book will be of interest to researchers, engineers and experts in the related areas of chemical engineering, chemistry, material science and electrochemistry.

This is the first book providing overview of magnetism in curved geometries, highlighting numerous peculiarities emerging from geometrically curved magnetic objects such as curved wires, shells, as well as complex three-dimensional structures. Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become a general trend in multiple disciplines across electronics, photonics, plasmonics and magnetics. This approach provides the means to modify conventional and even launch novel functionalities by tailoring the local curvature of an object. The book covers the theory of curvilinear micromagnetism as well as experimental studies of geometrically curved magnets including both fabrication and characterization. With its coverage of fundamental aspects, together with exploration of numerous applications across magnonics, bio-engineering, soft robotics and shapeable magnetoelectronics, this edited collection is ideal for all scientists in academia and industry seeking an overview and wishing to keep abreast of advances in the novel field of curvilinear micromagnetism. It provides easy but comprehensive access to the field for newcomers, and can be used for graduate-level courses on this subject.

This book is aimed to provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge of kinematic synthesis as developed up to date. Modern mechanical systems require advance kinematics knowledge to support mechanism design with sound theories and methods. The book includes not only the classical foundations of kinematic synthesis, but also the latest advances developed by the authors. Moreover, many examples are included to illustrate both methods and their supporting theory.The focus is on systems of rigid bodies forming closed loops. The four-bar linkage, representing the foundations of mechanical systems,  is given due attention, in its three domains: planar, spherical, and spatial. The book contains six chapters, the first two covering fundamentals for kinematic synthesis, including qualitative synthesis. Chapters 3-5 describe, in full detail,  the function, motion, and path syntheses of single-dof linkages.  In the last chapter, the synthesis of single-dof complex linkages, including six-bar and ten-bar linkages, is introduced.The book is suitable for graduate students of mechanical engineering, researchers of mechanism and robot design, and machine design engineers.

This book, fully updated for Python version 3.6+, covers the key ideas that link probability, statistics, and machine learning illustrated using Python modules in these areas.  All the figures and numerical results are reproducible using the Python codes provided. The author develops key intuitions in machine learning by working meaningful examples using multiple analytical methods and Python codes, thereby connecting theoretical concepts to concrete implementations. Detailed proofs for certain important results are also provided. Modern Python modules like Pandas, Sympy, Scikit-learn, Tensorflow, and Keras are applied to simulate and visualize important machine learning concepts like the bias/variance trade-off, cross-validation, and regularization. Many abstract mathematical ideas, such as convergence in probability theory, are developed and illustrated with numerical examples. This updated edition now includes the Fisher Exact Test and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test. A new section on survival analysis has been included as well as substantial development of Generalized Linear Models. The new deep learning section for image processing includes an in-depth discussion of gradient descent methods that underpin all deep learning algorithms.   As with the prior edition, there are new and updated *Programming Tips* that the illustrate effective Python modules and methods for scientific programming and machine learning. There are 445 run-able code blocks with corresponding outputs that have been tested for accuracy.  Over 158 graphical visualizations (almost all generated using Python) illustrate the concepts that are developed both in code and in mathematics. We also discuss and use key Python modules such as Numpy, Scikit-learn, Sympy,  Scipy, Lifelines, CvxPy, Theano, Matplotlib, Pandas, Tensorflow, Statsmodels,  and Keras.This book is suitable for anyone with an undergraduate-level exposure to probability, statistics, or machine learning and with rudimentary knowledge of Python programming.

This book examines the issues of ensuring anti-terrorist security of an aviation enterprise, provides a history of terrorism in the aviation sector, and analyzes the legal regulations. This book provides mathematical and mathematical-psychological models for reducing the risk of terrorist threats, which makes it possible to objectively increase the safety of air transport facilities, reduce the likelihood of terrorist attacks, save human lives and prevent significant material losses. The solutions of general humanistic problems proposed in the book-preventing accidents and preserving the world-are an original feature of the book, which allows one to treat it with the necessary attention and interest for the reader. The concept of anti-terrorist security of an aviation enterprise presented in this book has been widely tested and introduced into the activities of leading aviation enterprises, including the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), and has been used in the investigation of aviation accidents.This book is written for a wide range of audience associated with ensuring aviation transport security and for the end users of airlines-passengers, in order to expand their knowledge about the reliability of using air transport. 

This book is the accumulation of many years of research into practices and approaches used in the new connected world. Specifically, it focuses on the role that sensors play in our lives by changing business models and how the valuable data created, are being utilized by us and monetized by the businesses.Did you know that since the early 80s, we have adopted new advanced technology and products about 100x faster than the industrial revolution? There are three major reasons why: First, the exponential population growth to 9 billion by 2025 will keep driving demand for goods. Second, products are becoming intelligent and connected to the Internet. Product-generated data, which is in massive amounts, is collected on databases, and the insights generated by these are then analyzed, shared, and socialized. The number of Internet-connected devices is forecasted to be 75 billion by the year 2022 worldwide. This is about eight times the human population in the same year (8 devices/person on average). By 2025, this number is predicted to exceed 500 billion units of connected devices, which will be about 55 times larger than the world's population (9.1 billion), representing another exponential growth

This book is a practical guide to preventing accidents in a factory setting. From safety regulations to hazard management, the author provides practical tips and advice for ensuring a safe work environment. A must-read for anyone in the manufacturing or industrial sector.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This fascinating guide to smokeless fireplaces and chimney valves is a must-read for any homeowner or builder interested in reducing their environmental impact and improving the efficiency of their heating system. Written by pioneering physician and inventor Neil Arnott, this book provides a detailed overview of the science behind these innovative technologies, as well as practical advice for their successful implementation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This comprehensive study provides a detailed account of the development of the Canadian iron and steel industry from its early days to the present. The author examines the impact of government protectionism on the industry, as well as the challenges posed by international competition, technological innovation, and changing market conditions. Drawing on extensive archival research and firsthand experience, this book offers a fascinating insight into one of Canada's most important and complex industries.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Step back in time to the Great Exhibition of 1851 with The Model Houses for Families. This stunning book showcases the innovative and groundbreaking designs of the exhibition's model homes, and provides fascinating insights into the social and cultural context of 19th century Britain.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This 19th-century treatise offers practical advice on the construction of healthy homes, hospitals, and other buildings. Written by a pioneering public health expert, the book provides detailed guidance on everything from ventilation to plumbing, with a focus on preventing the spread of disease. A must-read for architects, builders, and anyone interested in public health.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Mongst Mines and Miners is a fascinating photographic exploration of the techniques and challenges of working in Cornish mines during the late 19th century. With stunning images and detailed explanations of mining methods, this book provides a unique perspective on a key industry of the Industrial Revolution.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

First published in 1906, British Canals: Is Their Resuscitation Practicable? is an insightful study of the state of Britain's canal system and its potential for revival. Pratt examines the history of canals in Britain, their economic and social impact, and the challenges facing the modern canal system. He argues that the resuscitation of canals is not only possible but necessary for the country's prosperity. This book is a valuable resource for historians, policymakers, and anyone interested in the history of transportation and infrastructure.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Published in the mid-19th century, this work provides a fascinating glimpse into the early days of steam navigation. The author, J. Ross, covers the history of the steam engine, as well as providing an essay on the system of naval tactics that were emerging at the time. This book will be of interest to historians, engineers, and anyone interested in the history of technology and transportation.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.