Økonomi

The mathematical theory of tangles, the centrepiece of the celebrated Robertson-Seymour theory of graph minors, finds precise structure in imprecise data. Assuming only basic undergraduate mathematics, this book shows how tangles can identify, relate, and structure types in data: of behaviour, political views, texts, or proteins.

This book explores the evolution of sentiment in economic terms in the press during financial crises applying a combination of sentiment analysis techniques and usage fluctuation analysis on a diachronic corpus derived from editorials in quality newspapers during the Great Recession. The book uncovers two key findings: first, certain economic terms become event words during times of crisis due to their increased use in the press and the general public, revealing rapid semantic changes in economic terms caused by major socio-economic events. Second, sentiment-laden collocations are found to be influenced by culture, highlighting language¿s adaptability to financial upheavals. This work proposes an innovative methodology that combines lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis, Corpus Linguistics, and qualitative Discourse Analysis to shed light on how language shapes economic discourse, making it a valuable resource for scholars exploring the relationship between language and historic events.

Welche Anforderungen werden an eine robuste und gesellschaftlich anerkennenswerte Soziale Arbeit gestellt, die in ihrer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin, in der Anschlussfähigkeit ihrer Theorien und in der Anerkennung ihrer Profession überzeugt und dabei noch in sich konsistent ist? Im internationalen Vergleich der Theoriebestände und praktischen Bezüge von Sozialer Arbeit herrscht eine große Diversität und Vielfalt, die sich durch unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche und nationalstaatliche Makro-Bedingungen herausgebildet haben.Gleichzeitig globalisieren sich die Krisen wie Kriege, Pandemien, Klimawandel, Armut und Hunger in einer beschleunigten Weise, welche eher eine pragmatische Theoriebildung und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit im Sinne von globalen Wohlergehen und Menschenrechten herausfordert. In einer neuen und beschleunigten Anpassungsdynamik reagiert Soziale Arbeit eher darauf, als dass sie selbständig agiert.Kritischer Rationalismus, kritische Gesellschaftstheorie und ethische Orientierung der Sozialen Arbeit werden gerade im internationalen Kontext unter dem Einfluss neuer und schwer überschaubarer globaler Krisen und Herausforderungen noch stärker gefragt werden. In diesem Sammelband werden Beiträge von Autorinnen und Autoren zusammengestellt, die die möglichen Zukunftsperspektiven der Sozialen Arbeit erhellen sollen.

Many people in the United States need help saving money and dealing with their growing debt. More than ever, individuals of all ages need to comprehend the significance of frugality and how their choices in the present will impact their futures. It does not matter what your present age is, what your financial status is, what your goals are in the past, or what your goals are in the future; this book will provide you with a plethora of advice, techniques, and suggestions for improved financial management.In the pages of this book, you will find detailed instructions on how to make a budget, save money, make intelligent investments, apply for grants and scholarships, take advantage of student discounts, avoid making common financial blunders, and a great deal more. Students will learn about credit ratings, student loans, and the process of constructing a solid financial foundation that will serve them well long after college graduation.Have you reached the point where you are sick of living paycheck to paycheck, being continually burdened by debt, and having difficulty making ends meet? If you want to take charge of your financial destiny and break free from the pattern of excessive spending, what are you waiting for? If this is the case, then "HOW TO MANAGE MONEY: A GUIDE FOR HEAVY SPENDERS" is the road map that will lead you to complete financial independence!

This book examines social transformation during the Tang-Song period by focusing on the emergence and development of the "society of moneyed elite" in ancient China. Specifically, the author tries to shed light on three important theoretical questions. First, how to understand social change from the perspective economic history; second, how to construct scientifically-informed causal explanations of historical processes and events; and third, how to remedy the shortcomings of previous studies that emphasize the contrasts between the two dynasties while overlooking the continuity between them.

De façon surprenante, la sociologie de l¿État et de l¿administration a tendance à ignorer les corps intermédiaires de fonctionnaires qui représentent pourtant le gros des effectifs ministériels et des rouages essentiels de l¿action étatique. En France notamment, les analyses se limitent le plus souvent aux deux extrémités des structures bureaucratiques, laissant systématiquement dans l¿ombre tous les acteurs administratifs du milieu, qui ne sont ni des hauts-fonctionnaires ni des street level bureaucrats. Qui sont ces fonctionnaires du milieu ? A quoi servent-ils exactement ? Que font-ils concrètement ? Dans quels espaces évoluent-ils ? Comment travaillent-ils ? De quoi décident-ils ? C¿est à ces différentes questions que ce livre propose de répondre, en suivant pas à pas le processus de réforme de la politique publique de prévention des risques industriels engagé il y a presque vingt ans suite à la catastrophe d¿AZF de septembre 2001.

This book showcases Nigerian and South African experiences on space politics, policy and strategy vis-à-vis their development and security aspirations, while contributing to the broader African and the Global-South perspectives on the subject. Space policy in developing countries such as Nigeria and South Africa is motivated by utilitarian promises that space and the attendant technologies have the potential to advance development and security interests of the affected nations. However, several decades into the orbital journey of these countries, little is known of their space politics, policies, strategies, capacities and capabilities, and realisation of desired objectives. Beyond pure and applied sciences reductionism, this book offers social science perspectives on space studies in Africa, as it examines the intricate relationships of historical, geographical, social, demographic, economic, political, administrative, and strategic factors, nationally, regionally and globally thathave shaped research and development of space science and technologies, and their benefits, in Nigeria and South Africa.

"Macroeconomics in the 21st Century" by Dr. Amon Bietritnau provides a comprehensive overview of macroeconomics, covering key topics such as economic indicators, aggregate demand and supply, fiscal and monetary policy, international trade, economic growth, and emerging issues. This concise guide offers valuable insights for students, professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the complexities of the modern global economy.

Ab der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts ersetzten Dampfmaschinen zunehmend die Muskelkraft und ermöglichten eine zunehmende Mechanisierung der bis dahin handwerklich geprägten Güterproduktion. Der Abbau von Handelshemmnissen und neue Verkehrswege eröffneten überregionale Märkte, immer mehr Produkte mussten immer schneller und billiger produziert werden. Arbeitsteilung und Spezialisierung veränderten ganze Wirtschaftszweige. Die historischen Originalbeiträge und Abbildungen in diesem Buch geben einen unverfälschten Einblick in die Wirtschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts.

Human operations, whether in business, at home, or otherwise, cause a transgression of the boundaries of a safe and just operating space for planet Earth and humankind. Developments in operations that have steadily grown over the long course of history, and which have especially gained momentum since the uptake of fossil fuel powered machines in the recent and on-going industrial revolutions, now threaten to cause irreversible damage to ecosystems and society. The present situation calls for new perspectives and understanding of operations and operations management that enable to change the course of development and for operations to provide sustainable solutions for the planet and humankind.In pursuit of sustainable operations, this book analyses the past, present, and future of operations. It first examines the history of operations while explicitly reflecting on its environmental and social sustainability and on the corresponding development of operations management practices. Chapters 2 and 3 provide corresponding theoretical foundations and start studying the operations on planet Earth prior to the appearance of humankind. Chapters 4 to 9 cover the history of human operations until now, from stone tool manufacturing to lights out manufacturing, and from clay tokens to service robots. Chapter 10 synthesizes extant unsustainable operations and operations management practices and the present 4th industrial revolution. Chapter 11 identifies the transition in operations and operations management needed towards a future safe and just operating space, and how the 4th industrial revolution can contribute to this transition.The book is firstly written for all practitioners, scientists, and students of operations management and operations research. It offers extensive and historical insight into the relationship between operations and sustainability that has not yet appeared in the operations management literature. The final two chapters help the operations community to understand current problems, to find directions towards sustainable operations, and to contribute to the necessary transition. The book may also serve as a valuable resource for policy makers, business strategists, technology managers, and others devoting themselves to creating a sustainable future, as it may build the necessary understanding of the present operations that cause transgressions of the safe and just operating space, and of the transition towards sustainable operations.

L'éthique est considérée comme la constitution idéale sur la base de laquelle les actions sont évaluées, sachant que tout ce qui est en accord avec les actions est respectable et bon, et tout ce qui les contredit est méprisé et mauvais.

La loyauté ne signifie pas que vous vous efforcez de ne pas trahir, mais que vous ne pouvez pas trahir même si vous en êtes capable.Si quelqu'un que vous aimez vous trahit, ne soyez pas triste, mais attendez qu'il vous rende son dos et écrive dessus, j'aurais pu trahir, mais ma morale ne me permet entrée en matières.

This book presents the econometric foundations and applications of multi-dimensional panels, including modern methods of big data analysis. In light of the big data revolution and the emergence of higher dimensional panel data sets, it provides new results to synthesize existing knowledge on the field. The first, theoretical part of the volume is providing the econometric foundations to deal with these new high-dimensional panel data sets. It not only synthesizes our current knowledge, but mostly, presents new research results. The second empirical part of the book provides insight into the most relevant applications in this area. These chapters are a mixture of surveys and new results, always focusing on the econometric problems and feasible solutions.This second extended and revised edition provides an update of all existent chapters to reflect on new developments in the area as well as several new chapters on topics such as machine learning, nonparametric models,networks, and multi-dimensional panels in health economics. The book serves as a standard reference work, a textbook for graduate students in economics, and a source of background material for professionals conducting empirical studies.

This volume explores the implications of student mobility on higher education across the Asia Pacific Region. Student Mobility has become a major feature of higher education throughout the world, and most particularly over the past two decades within the Asia Pacific Region. This system of mobility is entering a period of profound predicted change, created by the social and economic transformations being occasioned by the rapid increased uses of artificial intelligence (AI), a process that is being increasingly framed as the ¿Fourth Industrial Revolution¿ or Work 4.0, a process that is widely predicted to evoke fundamental changes in the ways that work is performed and who does it. This volume explores various dimensions of this process, examining various aspects of the process as they are affecting national and regional economies even as the phenomenon produces a wide variety of engagements with the global economy as a whole.

Die Globalisierung und die damit einhergehende Vernetzung der Märkte führt zu einem steigenden Wettbewerbsdruck für Unternehmen. Mit diesem Globalisierungseffekt geht ein Anstieg des juristischen Regelungsbedarfs einher, so dass die Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung stehen, die rechtlichen Blickwinkel sowohl in ihren strategischen als auch in ihren operativen Entscheidungen mit einzubeziehen. Gerade kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen haben strukturell bedingt meist keine eigene Rechtsabteilung oder juristisches Fachpersonal, auf die sie bei der Bearbeitung solcher Themen zurückgreifen können. Somit stehen Sie vor der Wahl, sich stetig rechtlich beraten zu lassen oder tragen das Risiko von Fehlern und möglichen Bußgeldern, was zu einer Verschlechterung der Wirtschaftlichkeit führen kann. Die Unternehmen übertragen damit den steigenden wirtschaftlichen Druck auch auf den juristischen Sektor, der seine Dienstleistungen immer schneller und kostengünstiger anbieten muss. Gerade der juristische Bereich ist durch die Ressource Mensch geprägt, deren Kapazitäten endlich sind. Dr. Cathleen Hesselbarth zeigt, dass Legal-Tech-Anwendungen eine sinnvolle Ergänzung darstellen können, um den Zwiespalt zwischen begrenzten Ressourcen und immer schneller benötigten Informationen zu verringern und schafft gleichzeitig eine fachübergreifende Verbindung zwischen Wirtschaft und Recht.

This book presents an overview of the development of China-Europe express train in the broader context of BRI. It analyzes the benefits to the regions along the route from the safe, smooth and stable operation of the train in recent years, involving the strong impetus for building a new pattern of dual cycle development and driving the recovery of the economy in the post-pandemic era. Based on in-depth case studies of the operations in many regions, this book proposes measures in order to promote the high-quality development of China-Europe train: to improve infrastructure and enhance port capacity; to unify international standards and improve the efficiency of train customs clearance; to open up the European market and actively organize the return source of goods; to standardize government administrative intervention according to market orientation; to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure with the focus on connectivity; to cultivate international logistics talentsand build a high-quality China-Europe express train talent team.

This edited book aims to present a well-balanced view on the heated debate about BRI¿s ¿debt trap¿ controversy within the route states by presenting compelling evidence from Asian and African countries. It is contributed by the university scholars, think tank experts, and governmental officials from the concerned parties such as China, USA, South/Southeast Asia, and Africa to discuss this new topic from their perspectives. It not only examines the origins and changes in external debt among the BRI route states before and after the launch of the BRI, but also analyzes the outcomes stemming from BRI projects. The book covers 12 chapters, in which the first chapter briefly introduces the aims and scope of this book. The following 2 chapters look at Chinese and Indian perspectives on the ¿debt trap¿, respectively. The next 9 chapters examine the debt issue and BRI projects in Southeast Asian, South Asian, and African states, which mainly involve Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Nigeria, and give some useful policy suggestions to reduce the debt burden and promote the socioeconomic development in these countries.

This book challenges the notion that technology promotes financial inclusion. Drawing insights from the retail banking industry in Hong Kong, it explores the potential drawbacks of technology adoption. The book combines existing articles, regulatory case studies, and interviews with customers and practitioners to propose four factors that measure digital financial inclusion, defined as the impact of technology on financial inclusion, from the customer's viewpoint. It offers practical guidance by identifying business incentives for banks and providing law and policy recommendations for regulators. This book serves as a valuable resource for scholars, regulators, and practitioners in law and social sciences, shedding light on the complex relationship between technology and financial inclusion while bridging the gap between supply-driven approaches and customer demands.

This book focuses on the key issues around Chinese reform in the past 40 years, including economic structure upgrading, finance reform, enterprise ecology, village modernization, ecological development, income structure, global governance, BRI, and governance model. It collects the most important concerns and reveals the deep logic behind the reform. By reading this book, it helps readers to grasp the engine of China's continuous growth toward modernization in the four decades.